"忠" meaning in Chinese

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Character

IPA: /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡suŋ²⁴/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /tyŋ⁵⁵/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /tiɔŋ³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /toŋ³³/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡suŋ²⁴/, /tyŋ⁵⁵/, /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /tiɔŋ³³/, /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/, /toŋ³³/, /t͡soŋ⁵³/ Chinese transliterations: zhōng [Mandarin, Pinyin], zhong¹ [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄓㄨㄥ [Mandarin, bopomofo], zung¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], chûng [Hakka, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], dṳ̆ng, tiong [Hokkien, POJ], dong¹ [Peng'im, Teochew], ¹tson, zhōng [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], jhong [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], chung¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], jūng [Mandarin, Yale], jong [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], чжун [Mandarin, Palladius], čžun [Mandarin, Palladius], jūng [Cantonese, Yale], dzung¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], zung¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], chûng [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], zung´ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], zung¹ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], dṳ̆ng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], tiong [Hokkien, Tai-lo], diofng [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], tong [POJ, Teochew], ¹tson [Wu], tson^平 [Wu], /t͡soŋ⁵³/ [Wu], trjuwng [Middle-Chinese], /*truŋ/ [Baxter-Sagart, Old-Chinese], /*tuŋ/ [Old-Chinese, Zhengzhang]
Etymology: Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”). Perhaps the same word as 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) (Schuessler, 2007). Etymology templates: {{cog|bo|གཞུང་བ||to attend; to be heedful}} Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”), {{och-l|中}} 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs), {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}} Schuessler, 2007 Head templates: {{head|zh|hanzi}} 忠
  1. loyal; devoted; faithful
    Sense id: en-忠-zh-character-yxUPrWgt Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 74 26
  2. loyalty; devotion; fidelity
    Sense id: en-忠-zh-character-rfLKy4w8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 一門忠烈, 一门忠烈, 不忠 (bùzhōng), 公忠 (gōngzhōng), 公忠體國, 公忠体国, 報國盡忠, 报国尽忠, 大奸似忠, 大姦似忠, 大忠 (Dàzhōng), 孤忠, 宅心忠厚, 小忠小信, 忠信 (zhōngxìn), 忠勇, 忠厚 (zhōnghòu), 忠厚老實, 忠厚老实, 忠告, 忠君報國, 忠君报国, 忠君愛國 (zhōngjūn'àiguó), 忠君爱国 (zhōngjūn'àiguó), 忠孝 (zhōngxiào), 忠孝兩全 (zhōngxiàoliǎngquán), 忠孝两全 (zhōngxiàoliǎngquán), 忠孝節烈, 忠孝节烈, 忠孝節義, 忠孝节义, 忠孝賢良, 忠孝贤良, 忠孝雙全, 忠孝双全, 忠實 (zhōngshí), 忠实 (zhōngshí), 忠寮 (Zhōngliáo), 忠山 (Zhōngshān), 忠心 (zhōngxīn), 忠心耿耿 (zhōngxīngěnggěng), 忠心貫日, 忠心贯日, 忠心赤膽, 忠心赤胆, 忠忱 (zhōngchén), 忠恕 (zhōngshù), 忠悃, 忠愨, 忠悫, 忠敬, 忠於職守, 忠于职守, 忠果, 忠款, 忠正, 忠烈 (zhōngliè), 忠直 (zhōngzhí), 忠節 (zhōngjié), 忠节 (zhōngjié), 忠經, 忠经, 忠義 (zhōngyì), 忠义 (zhōngyì), 忠義雙全, 忠义双全, 忠肝義膽 (zhōnggānyìdǎn), 忠肝义胆 (zhōnggānyìdǎn), 忠臣 (zhōngchén), 忠臣孝子, 忠臣烈士, 忠臣義士, 忠臣义士, 忠良 (zhōngliáng), 忠藎, 忠荩, 忠言 (zhōngyán), 忠言嘉謨, 忠言嘉谟, 忠言奇謀, 忠言奇谋, 忠言讜論, 忠言谠论, 忠言逆耳 (zhōngyánnì'ěr), 忠誠 (zhōngchéng), 忠诚 (zhōngchéng), 忠諫, 忠谏, 忠貞 (zhōngzhēn), 忠贞 (zhōngzhēn), 忠貞不渝 (zhōngzhēnbùyú), 忠贞不渝 (zhōngzhēnbùyú), 忠貫白日, 忠贯白日, 忠賢, 忠贤, 忠路 (Zhōnglù) (english: Zhonglu), 忠順 (zhōngshùn), 忠顺 (zhōngshùn), 忠魂, 忠鯁, 忠鲠, 忠黨愛國 (zhōngdǎng'àiguó), 忠党爱国 (zhōngdǎng'àiguó), 愚忠 (yúzhōng), 攄忠報國, 摅忠报国, 效忠 (xiàozhōng), 朴忠, 死忠 (sǐzhōng), 爛忠厚, 烂忠厚, 盡忠 (jìnzhōng), 尽忠 (jìnzhōng), 盡忠報國, 尽忠报国, 盡忠竭力, 尽忠竭力, 盡忠職守 (jìnzhōngzhíshǒu), 尽忠职守 (jìnzhōngzhíshǒu), 移孝作忠, 移孝為忠, 移孝为忠, 竭智盡忠, 竭智尽忠, 精忠 (Jīngzhōng), 精忠報國, 精忠报国, 精忠旗, 精忠柏, 至忠, 褒忠鄉, 褒忠乡, 赤心忠膽, 赤心忠胆, 赤膽忠心, 赤胆忠心, 赤膽忠肝, 赤胆忠肝, 逆耳忠言, 顯忠廟 (Xiǎnzhōngmiào), 显忠庙 (Xiǎnzhōngmiào)

Download JSON data for 忠 meaning in Chinese (10.8kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "一門忠烈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "一门忠烈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bùzhōng",
      "word": "不忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gōngzhōng",
      "word": "公忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "公忠體國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "公忠体国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "報國盡忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "报国尽忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "大奸似忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "大姦似忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Dàzhōng",
      "word": "大忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "孤忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "宅心忠厚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "小忠小信"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngxìn",
      "word": "忠信"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠勇"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōnghòu",
      "word": "忠厚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠厚老實"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠厚老实"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠告"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠君報國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠君报国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngjūn'àiguó",
      "word": "忠君愛國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngjūn'àiguó",
      "word": "忠君爱国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngxiào",
      "word": "忠孝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngxiàoliǎngquán",
      "word": "忠孝兩全"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngxiàoliǎngquán",
      "word": "忠孝两全"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝節烈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝节烈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝節義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝节义"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝賢良"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝贤良"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝雙全"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠孝双全"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngshí",
      "word": "忠實"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngshí",
      "word": "忠实"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Zhōngliáo",
      "word": "忠寮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Zhōngshān",
      "word": "忠山"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngxīn",
      "word": "忠心"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngxīngěnggěng",
      "word": "忠心耿耿"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠心貫日"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠心贯日"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠心赤膽"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠心赤胆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngchén",
      "word": "忠忱"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngshù",
      "word": "忠恕"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠悃"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠愨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠悫"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠敬"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠於職守"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠于职守"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠果"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠款"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠正"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngliè",
      "word": "忠烈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngzhí",
      "word": "忠直"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngjié",
      "word": "忠節"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngjié",
      "word": "忠节"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠經"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠经"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngyì",
      "word": "忠義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngyì",
      "word": "忠义"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠義雙全"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠义双全"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōnggānyìdǎn",
      "word": "忠肝義膽"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōnggānyìdǎn",
      "word": "忠肝义胆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngchén",
      "word": "忠臣"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠臣孝子"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠臣烈士"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠臣義士"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠臣义士"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngliáng",
      "word": "忠良"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠藎"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠荩"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngyán",
      "word": "忠言"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠言嘉謨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠言嘉谟"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠言奇謀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠言奇谋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠言讜論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠言谠论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngyánnì'ěr",
      "word": "忠言逆耳"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngchéng",
      "word": "忠誠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngchéng",
      "word": "忠诚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠諫"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠谏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngzhēn",
      "word": "忠貞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngzhēn",
      "word": "忠贞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngzhēnbùyú",
      "word": "忠貞不渝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngzhēnbùyú",
      "word": "忠贞不渝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠貫白日"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠贯白日"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠賢"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠贤"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Zhonglu",
      "roman": "Zhōnglù",
      "word": "忠路"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngshùn",
      "word": "忠順"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngshùn",
      "word": "忠顺"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠魂"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠鯁"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "忠鲠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngdǎng'àiguó",
      "word": "忠黨愛國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zhōngdǎng'àiguó",
      "word": "忠党爱国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yúzhōng",
      "word": "愚忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "攄忠報國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "摅忠报国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiàozhōng",
      "word": "效忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "朴忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "sǐzhōng",
      "word": "死忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "爛忠厚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "烂忠厚"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìnzhōng",
      "word": "盡忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìnzhōng",
      "word": "尽忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "盡忠報國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "尽忠报国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "盡忠竭力"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "尽忠竭力"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìnzhōngzhíshǒu",
      "word": "盡忠職守"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìnzhōngzhíshǒu",
      "word": "尽忠职守"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "移孝作忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "移孝為忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "移孝为忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "竭智盡忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "竭智尽忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Jīngzhōng",
      "word": "精忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "精忠報國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "精忠报国"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "精忠旗"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "精忠柏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "至忠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "褒忠鄉"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "褒忠乡"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "赤心忠膽"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "赤心忠胆"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "赤膽忠心"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "赤胆忠心"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "赤膽忠肝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "赤胆忠肝"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "逆耳忠言"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Xiǎnzhōngmiào",
      "word": "顯忠廟"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Xiǎnzhōngmiào",
      "word": "显忠庙"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "གཞུང་བ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to attend; to be heedful"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "中"
      },
      "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”). Perhaps the same word as 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "忠",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "loyal; devoted; faithful"
      ],
      "id": "en-忠-zh-character-yxUPrWgt",
      "links": [
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal"
        ],
        [
          "devoted",
          "devoted"
        ],
        [
          "faithful",
          "faithful"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loyalty; devotion; fidelity"
      ],
      "id": "en-忠-zh-character-rfLKy4w8",
      "links": [
        [
          "loyalty",
          "loyalty"
        ],
        [
          "devotion",
          "devotion"
        ],
        [
          "fidelity",
          "fidelity"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhong¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chûng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "dṳ̆ng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dong¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹tson"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jhong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chung¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jūng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чжун"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čžun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jūng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzung¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chûng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dṳ̆ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "diofng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹tson"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tson^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "trjuwng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*truŋ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*tuŋ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*truŋ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*tuŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "忠"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese Han characters",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Eastern Min adjectives",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Old Chinese lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "一門忠烈"
    },
    {
      "word": "一门忠烈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bùzhōng",
      "word": "不忠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gōngzhōng",
      "word": "公忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "公忠體國"
    },
    {
      "word": "公忠体国"
    },
    {
      "word": "報國盡忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "报国尽忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "大奸似忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "大姦似忠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Dàzhōng",
      "word": "大忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "孤忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "宅心忠厚"
    },
    {
      "word": "小忠小信"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngxìn",
      "word": "忠信"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠勇"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōnghòu",
      "word": "忠厚"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠厚老實"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠厚老实"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠告"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠君報國"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠君报国"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngjūn'àiguó",
      "word": "忠君愛國"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngjūn'àiguó",
      "word": "忠君爱国"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngxiào",
      "word": "忠孝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngxiàoliǎngquán",
      "word": "忠孝兩全"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngxiàoliǎngquán",
      "word": "忠孝两全"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝節烈"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝节烈"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝節義"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝节义"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝賢良"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝贤良"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝雙全"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠孝双全"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngshí",
      "word": "忠實"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngshí",
      "word": "忠实"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Zhōngliáo",
      "word": "忠寮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Zhōngshān",
      "word": "忠山"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngxīn",
      "word": "忠心"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngxīngěnggěng",
      "word": "忠心耿耿"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠心貫日"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠心贯日"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠心赤膽"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠心赤胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngchén",
      "word": "忠忱"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngshù",
      "word": "忠恕"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠悃"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠愨"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠悫"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠敬"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠於職守"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠于职守"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠果"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠款"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠正"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngliè",
      "word": "忠烈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngzhí",
      "word": "忠直"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngjié",
      "word": "忠節"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngjié",
      "word": "忠节"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠經"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠经"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngyì",
      "word": "忠義"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngyì",
      "word": "忠义"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠義雙全"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠义双全"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōnggānyìdǎn",
      "word": "忠肝義膽"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōnggānyìdǎn",
      "word": "忠肝义胆"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngchén",
      "word": "忠臣"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠臣孝子"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠臣烈士"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠臣義士"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠臣义士"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngliáng",
      "word": "忠良"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠藎"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠荩"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngyán",
      "word": "忠言"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠言嘉謨"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠言嘉谟"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠言奇謀"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠言奇谋"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠言讜論"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠言谠论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngyánnì'ěr",
      "word": "忠言逆耳"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngchéng",
      "word": "忠誠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngchéng",
      "word": "忠诚"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠諫"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠谏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngzhēn",
      "word": "忠貞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngzhēn",
      "word": "忠贞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngzhēnbùyú",
      "word": "忠貞不渝"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngzhēnbùyú",
      "word": "忠贞不渝"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠貫白日"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠贯白日"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠賢"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠贤"
    },
    {
      "english": "Zhonglu",
      "roman": "Zhōnglù",
      "word": "忠路"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngshùn",
      "word": "忠順"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngshùn",
      "word": "忠顺"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠魂"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠鯁"
    },
    {
      "word": "忠鲠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngdǎng'àiguó",
      "word": "忠黨愛國"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhōngdǎng'àiguó",
      "word": "忠党爱国"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yúzhōng",
      "word": "愚忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "攄忠報國"
    },
    {
      "word": "摅忠报国"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiàozhōng",
      "word": "效忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "朴忠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sǐzhōng",
      "word": "死忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "爛忠厚"
    },
    {
      "word": "烂忠厚"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìnzhōng",
      "word": "盡忠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìnzhōng",
      "word": "尽忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "盡忠報國"
    },
    {
      "word": "尽忠报国"
    },
    {
      "word": "盡忠竭力"
    },
    {
      "word": "尽忠竭力"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìnzhōngzhíshǒu",
      "word": "盡忠職守"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìnzhōngzhíshǒu",
      "word": "尽忠职守"
    },
    {
      "word": "移孝作忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "移孝為忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "移孝为忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "竭智盡忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "竭智尽忠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Jīngzhōng",
      "word": "精忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "精忠報國"
    },
    {
      "word": "精忠报国"
    },
    {
      "word": "精忠旗"
    },
    {
      "word": "精忠柏"
    },
    {
      "word": "至忠"
    },
    {
      "word": "褒忠鄉"
    },
    {
      "word": "褒忠乡"
    },
    {
      "word": "赤心忠膽"
    },
    {
      "word": "赤心忠胆"
    },
    {
      "word": "赤膽忠心"
    },
    {
      "word": "赤胆忠心"
    },
    {
      "word": "赤膽忠肝"
    },
    {
      "word": "赤胆忠肝"
    },
    {
      "word": "逆耳忠言"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Xiǎnzhōngmiào",
      "word": "顯忠廟"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Xiǎnzhōngmiào",
      "word": "显忠庙"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "གཞུང་བ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to attend; to be heedful"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "中"
      },
      "expansion": "中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)",
      "name": "och-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Schuessler, 2007"
      },
      "expansion": "Schuessler, 2007",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”). Perhaps the same word as 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "hanzi"
      },
      "expansion": "忠",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "character",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loyal; devoted; faithful"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal"
        ],
        [
          "devoted",
          "devoted"
        ],
        [
          "faithful",
          "faithful"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "loyalty; devotion; fidelity"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loyalty",
          "loyalty"
        ],
        [
          "devotion",
          "devotion"
        ],
        [
          "fidelity",
          "fidelity"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhong¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chûng"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "dṳ̆ng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dong¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹tson"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zhōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jhong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chung¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jūng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "чжун"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "čžun"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jūng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dzung¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "chûng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "zung¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "dṳ̆ng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tiong"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "diofng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tong"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toŋ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹tson"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "tson^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "trjuwng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Baxter-Sagart",
        "Old-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*truŋ/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Old-Chinese",
        "Zhengzhang"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/*tuŋ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toŋ³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*truŋ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/*tuŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "忠"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "忠"
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  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "忠",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.