See 制度 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "cidu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: cidu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: cidu"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "制度",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jǐngtián zhìdù",
"word": "井田制度"
},
{
"roman": "diǎnzhāng zhìdù",
"word": "典章制度"
},
{
"roman": "zhìdùhuà",
"word": "制度化"
},
{
"roman": "núlì zhìdù",
"word": "奴隸制度"
},
{
"roman": "núlì zhìdù",
"word": "奴隶制度"
},
{
"roman": "jiātíng zhìdù",
"word": "家庭制度"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhìdù",
"word": "封建制度"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngzhì zhìdù",
"word": "政治制度"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì zhìdù",
"word": "社會制度"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì zhìdù",
"word": "社会制度"
},
{
"roman": "děngjí zhìdù",
"word": "等級制度"
},
{
"roman": "děngjí zhìdù",
"word": "等级制度"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì zhìdù",
"word": "經濟制度"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì zhìdù",
"word": "经济制度"
},
{
"roman": "guīzhāng zhìdù",
"word": "規章制度"
},
{
"roman": "guīzhāng zhìdù",
"word": "规章制度"
},
{
"roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
"word": "農奴制度"
},
{
"roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
"word": "农奴制度"
},
{
"roman": "bùfen zhǔnbèijīn yínháng zhìdù",
"word": "部分準備金銀行制度"
},
{
"roman": "bùfen zhǔnbèijīn yínháng zhìdù",
"word": "部分准备金银行制度"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "socialist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuìzhǔyì zhìdù",
"text": "社會主義制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "socialist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuìzhǔyì zhìdù",
"text": "社会主义制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "hereditary system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shìxí zhìdù",
"text": "世襲制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "hereditary system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shìxí zhìdù",
"text": "世袭制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "land system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "tǔdì zhìdù",
"text": "土地制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "system of private land ownership",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "tǔdì sīyǒu zhìdù",
"text": "土地私有制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "social welfare system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuì fúlì zhìdù",
"text": "社會福利制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "social welfare system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuì fúlì zhìdù",
"text": "社会福利制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "institution of marriage",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "hūnyīn zhìdù",
"text": "婚姻制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "caste system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "zhǒngxìng zhìdù",
"text": "種姓制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "caste system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "zhǒngxìng zhìdù",
"text": "种姓制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "blacklist-whitelist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "hónghēi míngdān zhìdù",
"text": "紅黑名單制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "blacklist-whitelist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "hónghēi míngdān zhìdù",
"text": "红黑名单制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "新加坡在1969年廢除了陪審團制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官審判。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "新加坡在1969年废除了陪审团制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官审判。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"system; institution"
],
"id": "en-制度-zh-noun-Yzka7a1e",
"links": [
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jīzhì",
"word": "機制"
},
{
"roman": "jīzhì",
"word": "机制"
},
{
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系統"
},
{
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系统"
},
{
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "體制"
},
{
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "体制"
},
{
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "體系"
},
{
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "体系"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhìdù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓˋ ㄉㄨˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zai³ dou⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chṳ-thu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhi^ˇ tu^˖"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁴ du⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chè-tō͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chì-tō͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "zi³ dou⁷"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵tsy-du₆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zhìdù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓˋ ㄉㄨˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jhìhdù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chih⁴-tu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jr̀-dù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jyhduh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "чжиду"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "čžidu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jai douh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzai³ dou⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zei³ dou⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɐi̯³³ tou̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chṳ-thu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zii tu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁴ tu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "zhi^ˇ tu^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi¹¹ tʰu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsè-tōo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zea'do"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsì-tōo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cie'do"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsì tōu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tou¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵tsy-du₆"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tsy^去 du^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²tsr-du₃"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩³³ du⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɐi̯³³ tou̯²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi¹¹ tʰu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tou¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩³³ du⁴⁴/"
}
],
"word": "制度"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "jǐngtián zhìdù",
"word": "井田制度"
},
{
"roman": "diǎnzhāng zhìdù",
"word": "典章制度"
},
{
"roman": "zhìdùhuà",
"word": "制度化"
},
{
"roman": "núlì zhìdù",
"word": "奴隸制度"
},
{
"roman": "núlì zhìdù",
"word": "奴隶制度"
},
{
"roman": "jiātíng zhìdù",
"word": "家庭制度"
},
{
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhìdù",
"word": "封建制度"
},
{
"roman": "zhèngzhì zhìdù",
"word": "政治制度"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì zhìdù",
"word": "社會制度"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì zhìdù",
"word": "社会制度"
},
{
"roman": "děngjí zhìdù",
"word": "等級制度"
},
{
"roman": "děngjí zhìdù",
"word": "等级制度"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì zhìdù",
"word": "經濟制度"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjì zhìdù",
"word": "经济制度"
},
{
"roman": "guīzhāng zhìdù",
"word": "規章制度"
},
{
"roman": "guīzhāng zhìdù",
"word": "规章制度"
},
{
"roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
"word": "農奴制度"
},
{
"roman": "nóngnú zhìdù",
"word": "农奴制度"
},
{
"roman": "bùfen zhǔnbèijīn yínháng zhìdù",
"word": "部分準備金銀行制度"
},
{
"roman": "bùfen zhǔnbèijīn yínháng zhìdù",
"word": "部分准备金银行制度"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "cidu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: cidu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: cidu"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "制度",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 制",
"Chinese terms spelled with 度",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka nouns",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew nouns",
"Wu lemmas",
"Wu nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "socialist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuìzhǔyì zhìdù",
"text": "社會主義制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "socialist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuìzhǔyì zhìdù",
"text": "社会主义制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "hereditary system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shìxí zhìdù",
"text": "世襲制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "hereditary system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shìxí zhìdù",
"text": "世袭制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "land system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "tǔdì zhìdù",
"text": "土地制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "system of private land ownership",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "tǔdì sīyǒu zhìdù",
"text": "土地私有制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "social welfare system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuì fúlì zhìdù",
"text": "社會福利制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
15,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "social welfare system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "shèhuì fúlì zhìdù",
"text": "社会福利制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
11
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
7,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "institution of marriage",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "hūnyīn zhìdù",
"text": "婚姻制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "caste system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "zhǒngxìng zhìdù",
"text": "種姓制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "caste system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "zhǒngxìng zhìdù",
"text": "种姓制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "blacklist-whitelist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "hónghēi míngdān zhìdù",
"text": "紅黑名單制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "blacklist-whitelist system",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "hónghēi míngdān zhìdù",
"text": "红黑名单制度",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "新加坡在1969年廢除了陪審團制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官審判。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
45,
50
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
]
],
"english": "Singapore abolished its jury system in 1969, so all criminal defendants are tried before judges.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "Xīnjiāpō zài 1969 nián fèichú le péishěntuán zhìdù, yīncǐ suǒyǒu xíngshì ànjiàn de bèigàorén jūn yóu fǎguān shěnpàn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "新加坡在1969年废除了陪审团制度，因此所有刑事案件的被告人均由法官审判。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"system; institution"
],
"links": [
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"institution",
"institution"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhìdù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓˋ ㄉㄨˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zai³ dou⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chṳ-thu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhi^ˇ tu^˖"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁴ du⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chè-tō͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chì-tō͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "zi³ dou⁷"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁵tsy-du₆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "zhìdù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓˋ ㄉㄨˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jhìhdù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chih⁴-tu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jr̀-dù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jyhduh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "чжиду"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "čžidu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jai douh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzai³ dou⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zei³ dou⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɐi̯³³ tou̯²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chṳ-thu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zii tu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zi⁴ tu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "zhi^ˇ tu^˖"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi¹¹ tʰu³³/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tu⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsè-tōo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zea'do"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsì-tōo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "cie'do"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsì tōu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tou¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁵tsy-du₆"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tsy^去 du^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "²tsr-du₃"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩³³ du⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ tu⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɐi̯³³ tou̯²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɨ⁵⁵ tʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi¹¹ tʰu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩⁵³⁻⁵⁵ tu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ tɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ tɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tɔ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ tɔ²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tou¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sz̩³³ du⁴⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "jīzhì",
"word": "機制"
},
{
"roman": "jīzhì",
"word": "机制"
},
{
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系統"
},
{
"roman": "xìtǒng",
"word": "系统"
},
{
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "體制"
},
{
"roman": "tǐzhì",
"word": "体制"
},
{
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "體系"
},
{
"roman": "tǐxì",
"word": "体系"
}
],
"word": "制度"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 制度 meaning in Chinese (10.8kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"制度"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "制度",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"制度"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "制度",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%AB%94%E7%B3%BB'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"制度"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "制度",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (a681f8a and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.