"λίθος" meaning in Ancient Greek

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "lithárguros",
      "word": "λιθάργυρος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "lithourgós",
      "word": "λιθουργός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "monólithos",
      "word": "μονόλιθος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "líthinos",
      "word": "λίθινος"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "lithōtós",
      "word": "λιθωτός"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "liti",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: liti (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: liti (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-lite",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: -lite",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: -lite"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-lith",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: -lith",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: -lith"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lith-",
            "3": "litho-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: lith-, litho-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: lith-, litho-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ლითონი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: ლითონი (litoni)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: ლითონი (litoni)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "NL.",
            "2": "lithium",
            "bor": "1",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→⇒ New Latin: lithium",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→⇒ New Latin: lithium (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lithium"
          },
          "expansion": "English: lithium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: lithium"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λεῖος",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "λεῖος (leîos, “smooth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λιτός",
        "t": "simple, plain"
      },
      "expansion": "λιτός (litós, “simple, plain”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "laedō",
        "t": "to strike, hurt"
      },
      "expansion": "laedō (“to strike, hurt”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "slidùs",
        "t": "slippery, slick"
      },
      "expansion": "slidùs (“slippery, slick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Has been compared to λεῖος (leîos, “smooth”), λιτός (litós, “simple, plain”), Latin laedō (“to strike, hurt”), and Lithuanian slidùs (“slippery, slick”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, noting that words for \"stone\" are often taken from a substrate language.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "líthos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ",
      "roman": "ho",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ λῐ́θος",
      "roman": "hē líthos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῐ́θω",
      "roman": "tṑ líthō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ",
      "roman": "hoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ λῐ́θοι",
      "roman": "hai líthoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ",
      "roman": "toû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς λῐ́θου",
      "roman": "tês líthou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῐ́θοιν",
      "roman": "toîn líthoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν λῐ́θων",
      "roman": "tôn líthōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ",
      "roman": "tôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ λῐ́θῳ",
      "roman": "têi líthōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῐ́θοιν",
      "roman": "toîn líthoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς λῐ́θοις",
      "roman": "taîs líthois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν",
      "roman": "tòn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν λῐ́θον",
      "roman": "tḕn líthon",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῐ́θω",
      "roman": "tṑ líthō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς",
      "roman": "toùs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς λῐ́θους",
      "roman": "tā̀s líthous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θε",
      "roman": "líthe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θω",
      "roman": "líthō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θοι",
      "roman": "líthoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῐ́θος",
        "2": "λῐ́θου",
        "3": "m",
        "4": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "λῐ́θος • (líthos) m (genitive λῐ́θου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῐ́θος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "MF"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "grc",
          "name": "Rocks",
          "orig": "grc:Rocks",
          "parents": [
            "Geology",
            "Natural materials",
            "Earth sciences",
            "Materials",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "Manufacturing",
            "All topics",
            "Human activity",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a stone"
      ],
      "id": "en-λίθος-grc-noun-RjwY9s90",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "πέτρος"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stone as a substance"
      ],
      "id": "en-λίθος-grc-noun-22s3bJbm",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "πέτρα"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stone, pebble (used as as piece in a board-game)"
      ],
      "id": "en-λίθος-grc-noun-YSfHSjZ-",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "pebble",
          "pebble"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 7 13 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 8 14 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 7 11 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "large rock or stone block, used as a seat to a speaker's platform, especially in the Assembly or in the Athenian agora, where archons, arbitrators and certain witnesses swore oaths"
      ],
      "id": "en-λίθος-grc-noun-SVP3BaL5",
      "links": [
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lí.tʰos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lí.tʰos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.tʰos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "λίθος"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns",
    "Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek paroxytone terms",
    "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "lithárguros",
      "word": "λιθάργυρος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lithourgós",
      "word": "λιθουργός"
    },
    {
      "roman": "monólithos",
      "word": "μονόλιθος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "líthinos",
      "word": "λίθινος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lithōtós",
      "word": "λιθωτός"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "liti",
            "lbor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: liti (learned)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: liti (learned)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-lite",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: -lite",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: -lite"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "-lith",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: -lith",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: -lith"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lith-",
            "3": "litho-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: lith-, litho-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: lith-, litho-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ლითონი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: ლითონი (litoni)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: ლითონი (litoni)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "NL.",
            "2": "lithium",
            "bor": "1",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→⇒ New Latin: lithium",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→⇒ New Latin: lithium (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lithium"
          },
          "expansion": "English: lithium",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: lithium"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λεῖος",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "λεῖος (leîos, “smooth”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λιτός",
        "t": "simple, plain"
      },
      "expansion": "λιτός (litós, “simple, plain”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "laedō",
        "t": "to strike, hurt"
      },
      "expansion": "laedō (“to strike, hurt”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "slidùs",
        "t": "slippery, slick"
      },
      "expansion": "slidùs (“slippery, slick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qsb-grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "qfa-sub",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Has been compared to λεῖος (leîos, “smooth”), λιτός (litós, “simple, plain”), Latin laedō (“to strike, hurt”), and Lithuanian slidùs (“slippery, slick”). Beekes argues for a Pre-Greek origin, noting that words for \"stone\" are often taken from a substrate language.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θος",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "líthos",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θου",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Second declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ὁ",
      "roman": "ho",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ἡ λῐ́θος",
      "roman": "hē líthos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῐ́θω",
      "roman": "tṑ líthō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "οἱ",
      "roman": "hoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "αἱ λῐ́θοι",
      "roman": "hai líthoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ",
      "roman": "toû",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῆς λῐ́θου",
      "roman": "tês líthou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῐ́θοιν",
      "roman": "toîn líthoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν λῐ́θων",
      "roman": "tôn líthōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ",
      "roman": "tôi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῇ λῐ́θῳ",
      "roman": "têi líthōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν λῐ́θοιν",
      "roman": "toîn líthoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς",
      "roman": "toîs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ταῖς λῐ́θοις",
      "roman": "taîs líthois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸν",
      "roman": "tòn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὴν λῐ́θον",
      "roman": "tḕn líthon",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ λῐ́θω",
      "roman": "tṑ líthō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοὺς",
      "roman": "toùs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾱ̀ς λῐ́θους",
      "roman": "tā̀s líthous",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θε",
      "roman": "líthe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θω",
      "roman": "líthō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "λῐ́θοι",
      "roman": "líthoi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῐ́θος",
        "2": "λῐ́θου",
        "3": "m",
        "4": "second"
      },
      "expansion": "λῐ́θος • (líthos) m (genitive λῐ́θου); second declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "λῐ́θος",
        "2": "ου",
        "form": "MF"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "grc:Rocks"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a stone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "πέτρος"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stone as a substance"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "πέτρα"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stone, pebble (used as as piece in a board-game)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "pebble",
          "pebble"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "large rock or stone block, used as a seat to a speaker's platform, especially in the Assembly or in the Athenian agora, where archons, arbitrators and certain witnesses swore oaths"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ],
        [
          "block",
          "block"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/lí.tʰos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lí.tʰos/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.tʰos/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈli.θos/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "word": "λίθος"
}