See verno on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "vē̆rnus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vē̆rnus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vē̆rnus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verna",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "verni",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verne",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "verno (feminine verna, masculine plural verni, feminine plural verne)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vèr‧no"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just like every now and then the green plants, due to the vernal sun and the earth's humidity, give birth to new fronds and new blossoms when the earth changes its appearance",
"ref": "c. 1477, Lorenzo de' Medici, “Si rinnovano nel petto a quando a quando le fiamme d’amore”, in Rime, collected in Opere, published 1913:",
"text": "Come di tempo in tempo verdi piante\npel verno sole e pel terrestre umore\nproducon altre fronde e nuovo fiore,\nquando la terra prende altro sembiante",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spring (season); vernal, springly"
],
"id": "en-verno-it-adj-QSJ-75FO",
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"vernal",
"vernal"
],
[
"springly",
"springly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, rare, relational) spring (season); vernal, springly"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "primavera"
},
{
"word": "vernare"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "primaverile"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"rare",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛr.no/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrno"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "svernare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vernare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vernino"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Shortened form of inverno (“winter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "verno m (plural verni)",
"name": "it-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "poetic"
},
"expansion": "(poetic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vèr‧no"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And there is another variety of grapes, called paterniga, which makes large, thick bunches, producing many grapes, and thick wine, nice for the winter",
"ref": "13ᵗʰ c., Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture], translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 145:",
"text": "Ed è un'altra maniera d'uva nera, ch'è detta paterniga, che grossi, e spessi grappoli fa, che molte uve produce, e vin grosso, per lo verno dilettevole",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Along its course, the Danube in Austria during the winter never made such a thick crust as there was here, nor did the Don there, under the cold sky",
"ref": "1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXXII”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 25–28; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:",
"text": "Non fece al corso suo sì grosso velo\ndi verno la Danoia in Osterlicchi,\nné Tanaï là sotto 'l freddo cielo,\ncom'era quivi […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "My ship, full of oblivion, sails through the rough sea at midnight in winter, under Scylla and Charybdis",
"ref": "1374, Francesco Petrarca, “Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio”, in Il Canzoniere, Florence: Andrea Bettini, published 1858, page 191, lines 1–3:",
"text": "Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio\nPer aspro mare a mezza notte il verno\ninfra Scilla e Cariddi […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "What the good farmer is to do in his fields, when the Sun prolongs the day; what he is [to do] in Summer, and what [he is to do] afterwards in the fruit-bearing Autumn, in the cold Winter",
"ref": "16ᵗʰ c., Luigi Alamanni, “Libro Ⅰ. Esordio e dedicazione del poema. Lavori di primavera”, in Della coltivazione, collected in La coltivazione di Luigi Alamanni ed altre opere, Venice: Vitarelli, published 1812, page 13, lines 1–4:",
"text": "Che deggia, quando il sol rallunga il giorno,\nOprar il buon cultor nei campi suoi;\nQuel che deggia l’estate, e quel che poscia\nAl pomifero autunno, al freddo verno",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-verno-it-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inverno"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The median circle of the celestial movement, which is called equator in an art [astronomy], and which always stays between the Sun and the cold",
"ref": "1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto IV”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory], lines 79–81; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:",
"text": "'l mezzo cerchio del moto superno,\nche si chiama Equatore in alcun' arte,\ne che sempre riman tra 'l sole e 'l verno",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Because no shade, or rain, nor spring, or river, nor frost from harsh mountains can weaken their fire",
"ref": "16ᵗʰ c., Giovanni Della Casa, “Son. ⅩⅩⅩⅦ [Sonnet 37]”, in Rime di M. Giovanni della Casa, collected in Opere di Monsig. Giovanni della Casa con una copiosa giunta di scritture non più stampate, Florence: Giuseppe Manni, published 1707, page 22:",
"text": "Che 'l foco lor […]\nNon ombra, o pioggia, e non fontana, o fiume\nNe verno allentar pò d' alpestri monti",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "As when a Fury comes out, rejoicing for the lands desiccated by the frost, malignant, and washes its limbs in the loathed springs of Iceland, where more secretly the waters smoke sulfurous",
"ref": "1827, Ugo Foscolo, Le grazie, Felice Le Monnier, published 1848, page 26, lines 300–304:",
"text": "[…] come quando esce un'Erinni\nA gioir delle terre arse dal verno,\nMaligna, e lava le sue membra a' fonti\nDell'Islanda esecrati, ove più occulte\nFuman sulfuree l'acque […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, frost"
],
"id": "en-verno-it-noun-7KyHt99A",
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "algore"
},
{
"word": "freddo"
},
{
"word": "gelo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The hostile wave breaks and tears, and the ever-stronger wind, if the storm leaves any part of it standing",
"ref": "1516, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto decimonono [Nineteenth canto]”, in Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland], Venice: Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, page 85:",
"text": "[…] spezza e fracassa\nL'onda nimica,e'l vento ogn'hor piu fiero;\nSe parte ritta il verno pur ne lassa",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Because immediately, as soon as it was touched, that image disappeared, and a thick cloud came, bringing darkness and storm",
"ref": "1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered], Erasmo Viotti, Canto 13, page 307:",
"text": "Perche repente, à pena tocco, sparve\nQuel simulacro: e giunse un nuvol denso:\nChe portò notte, e verno […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"storm"
],
"id": "en-verno-it-noun-mhBXSc~L",
"links": [
[
"storm",
"storm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burrasca"
},
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "procella"
},
{
"word": "tempesta"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛr.no/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrno"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "verno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vèr‧no"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 5 1 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "1 2 5 2 75 5 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vernare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of vernare"
],
"id": "en-verno-it-verb-yt62jlEW",
"links": [
[
"vernare",
"vernare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"poetic",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛr.no/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrno"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vernātiō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vernare"
},
"expansion": "Italian: vernare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: vernare"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vernus",
"3": "-ō",
"alt2": "-āre",
"id2": "denominative",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "springlike"
},
"expansion": "vernus (“springlike”) + -āre (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wósr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From vernus (“springlike”) + -āre (verb-forming suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vē̆rnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāre",
"tags": [
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"present"
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{
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"tags": [
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"perfect"
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{
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"tags": [
"supine"
]
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{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present",
"singular"
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"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"singular",
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{
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"source": "conjugation",
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"indicative",
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},
{
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"first-person",
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"plural"
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},
{
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{
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{
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"future",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābis",
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"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābitis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvistī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvimus",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
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},
{
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"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvērunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāveram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"first-person",
"indicative",
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"plural",
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāveris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"future",
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},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"plural"
]
},
{
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"future",
"indicative",
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"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
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},
{
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"plural",
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},
{
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"third-person"
]
},
{
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},
{
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"singular"
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},
{
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"indicative",
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"imperfect",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābantur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābor",
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"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular"
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},
{
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"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
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"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
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"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābimur",
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"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
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"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābuntur",
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"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
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"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātus + future active indicative of sum",
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"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnem",
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"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnēs",
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"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnet",
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"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnēmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnētis",
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"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnent",
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"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnārem",
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"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnārēs",
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"active",
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāret",
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"active",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnārēmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnārētis",
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"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnārent",
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"active",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverīs",
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"active",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverit",
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"active",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverīmus",
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"active",
"first-person",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverītis",
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"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverint",
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"active",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
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},
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"active",
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
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},
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"active",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
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},
{
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"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
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"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
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},
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"present",
"second-person",
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"subjunctive"
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},
{
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"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
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},
{
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"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
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},
{
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"first-person",
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"plural",
"present",
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},
{
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"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
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},
{
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"passive",
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"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
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},
{
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"passive",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnārēris",
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"imperfect",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
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},
{
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"imperfect",
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"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
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},
{
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"third-person"
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},
{
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"imperfect",
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"subjunctive"
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},
{
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"passive",
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"second-person",
"subjunctive"
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},
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"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātus + present active subjunctive of sum",
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"passive",
"perfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
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"passive",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"first-person",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnā",
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"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "-",
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"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"active",
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāte",
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"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"active",
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"imperative",
"singular"
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},
{
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"singular"
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},
{
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"singular",
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},
{
"form": "-",
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"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātōte",
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"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnantō",
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"active",
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāre",
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"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāminī",
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"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātor",
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"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"second-person",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātor",
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"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "-",
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"first-person",
"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnantor",
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"future",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāre",
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"active",
"infinitive",
"present"
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},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvisse",
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"active",
"infinitive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātūrum esse",
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"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnārī",
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"infinitive",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātum esse",
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"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātum īrī",
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"tags": [
"future",
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāns",
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"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"active",
"participle",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātūrus",
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"active",
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"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātus",
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"participle",
"passive",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnandus",
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"future",
"participle",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnandī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnandō",
"source": "conjugation",
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"dative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnandum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnandō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"gerund",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātū",
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"ablative",
"noun-from-verb",
"supine"
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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],
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{
"args": {
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vēr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vē̆rnālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vē̆rnus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"to be verdant; to spring, bloom"
],
"id": "en-verno-la-verb-jSjmbYlI",
"links": [
[
"verdant",
"verdant"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
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[
"bloom",
"bloom"
]
],
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{
"word": "vireō"
}
],
"tags": [
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},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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{
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}
],
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"to flourish; to be lively, vigorous"
],
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[
"flourish",
"flourish"
],
[
"lively",
"lively"
],
[
"vigorous",
"vigorous"
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],
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{
"word": "vireō"
}
],
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈu̯eːr.noː/",
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"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈu̯eːrnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈu̯er.noː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈu̯ɛrnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈver.no/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɛrno]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
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}
{
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],
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},
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"ipa": "[ˈu̯eːrnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈu̯er.noː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈu̯ɛrnoː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈver.no/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvɛrno]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
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}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "vȇrno",
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},
{
"form": "ве̑рно",
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],
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{
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],
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"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"faithfully"
],
"id": "en-verno-sh-adv-hESvEUuf",
"links": [
[
"faithfully",
"faithfully"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Ijekavian"
],
"word": "vjȇrno"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋêːrno/"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian adjectives",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrno",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrno/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "vē̆rnus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vē̆rnus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vē̆rnus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verna",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "verni",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "verne",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "verno (feminine verna, masculine plural verni, feminine plural verne)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vèr‧no"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "primavera"
},
{
"word": "vernare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian literary terms",
"Italian rare terms",
"Italian relational adjectives",
"Italian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Just like every now and then the green plants, due to the vernal sun and the earth's humidity, give birth to new fronds and new blossoms when the earth changes its appearance",
"ref": "c. 1477, Lorenzo de' Medici, “Si rinnovano nel petto a quando a quando le fiamme d’amore”, in Rime, collected in Opere, published 1913:",
"text": "Come di tempo in tempo verdi piante\npel verno sole e pel terrestre umore\nproducon altre fronde e nuovo fiore,\nquando la terra prende altro sembiante",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spring (season); vernal, springly"
],
"links": [
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"vernal",
"vernal"
],
[
"springly",
"springly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, rare, relational) spring (season); vernal, springly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "primaverile"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"rare",
"relational"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛr.no/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrno"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian poetic terms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrno",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrno/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "svernare"
},
{
"word": "vernare"
},
{
"word": "vernino"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Shortened form of inverno (“winter”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "verni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "verno m (plural verni)",
"name": "it-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "poetic"
},
"expansion": "(poetic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vèr‧no"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And there is another variety of grapes, called paterniga, which makes large, thick bunches, producing many grapes, and thick wine, nice for the winter",
"ref": "13ᵗʰ c., Trattato dell'agricoltura [Treatise On Agriculture], translation of Opus ruralium commodorum libri Ⅻ by Pietro De' Crescenzi, published 1605, page 145:",
"text": "Ed è un'altra maniera d'uva nera, ch'è detta paterniga, che grossi, e spessi grappoli fa, che molte uve produce, e vin grosso, per lo verno dilettevole",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Along its course, the Danube in Austria during the winter never made such a thick crust as there was here, nor did the Don there, under the cold sky",
"ref": "1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto XXXII”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 25–28; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:",
"text": "Non fece al corso suo sì grosso velo\ndi verno la Danoia in Osterlicchi,\nné Tanaï là sotto 'l freddo cielo,\ncom'era quivi […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "My ship, full of oblivion, sails through the rough sea at midnight in winter, under Scylla and Charybdis",
"ref": "1374, Francesco Petrarca, “Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio”, in Il Canzoniere, Florence: Andrea Bettini, published 1858, page 191, lines 1–3:",
"text": "Passa la nave mia colma d'obblio\nPer aspro mare a mezza notte il verno\ninfra Scilla e Cariddi […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "What the good farmer is to do in his fields, when the Sun prolongs the day; what he is [to do] in Summer, and what [he is to do] afterwards in the fruit-bearing Autumn, in the cold Winter",
"ref": "16ᵗʰ c., Luigi Alamanni, “Libro Ⅰ. Esordio e dedicazione del poema. Lavori di primavera”, in Della coltivazione, collected in La coltivazione di Luigi Alamanni ed altre opere, Venice: Vitarelli, published 1812, page 13, lines 1–4:",
"text": "Che deggia, quando il sol rallunga il giorno,\nOprar il buon cultor nei campi suoi;\nQuel che deggia l’estate, e quel che poscia\nAl pomifero autunno, al freddo verno",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inverno"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The median circle of the celestial movement, which is called equator in an art [astronomy], and which always stays between the Sun and the cold",
"ref": "1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto IV”, in Purgatorio [Purgatory], lines 79–81; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:",
"text": "'l mezzo cerchio del moto superno,\nche si chiama Equatore in alcun' arte,\ne che sempre riman tra 'l sole e 'l verno",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Because no shade, or rain, nor spring, or river, nor frost from harsh mountains can weaken their fire",
"ref": "16ᵗʰ c., Giovanni Della Casa, “Son. ⅩⅩⅩⅦ [Sonnet 37]”, in Rime di M. Giovanni della Casa, collected in Opere di Monsig. Giovanni della Casa con una copiosa giunta di scritture non più stampate, Florence: Giuseppe Manni, published 1707, page 22:",
"text": "Che 'l foco lor […]\nNon ombra, o pioggia, e non fontana, o fiume\nNe verno allentar pò d' alpestri monti",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "As when a Fury comes out, rejoicing for the lands desiccated by the frost, malignant, and washes its limbs in the loathed springs of Iceland, where more secretly the waters smoke sulfurous",
"ref": "1827, Ugo Foscolo, Le grazie, Felice Le Monnier, published 1848, page 26, lines 300–304:",
"text": "[…] come quando esce un'Erinni\nA gioir delle terre arse dal verno,\nMaligna, e lava le sue membra a' fonti\nDell'Islanda esecrati, ove più occulte\nFuman sulfuree l'acque […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cold, frost"
],
"links": [
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"frost",
"frost"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "algore"
},
{
"word": "freddo"
},
{
"word": "gelo"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The hostile wave breaks and tears, and the ever-stronger wind, if the storm leaves any part of it standing",
"ref": "1516, Ludovico Ariosto, “Canto decimonono [Nineteenth canto]”, in Orlando Furioso [Raging Roland], Venice: Gabriel Giolito, published 1551, page 85:",
"text": "[…] spezza e fracassa\nL'onda nimica,e'l vento ogn'hor piu fiero;\nSe parte ritta il verno pur ne lassa",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Because immediately, as soon as it was touched, that image disappeared, and a thick cloud came, bringing darkness and storm",
"ref": "1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered], Erasmo Viotti, Canto 13, page 307:",
"text": "Perche repente, à pena tocco, sparve\nQuel simulacro: e giunse un nuvol denso:\nChe portò notte, e verno […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"storm"
],
"links": [
[
"storm",
"storm"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burrasca"
},
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "procella"
},
{
"word": "tempesta"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛr.no/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrno"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrno",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛrno/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "verno",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vèr‧no"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "vernare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of vernare"
],
"links": [
[
"vernare",
"vernare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"poetic",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɛr.no/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrno"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first conjugation verbs",
"Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -āv-",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin verbs",
"Latin verbs with red links in their inflection tables",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vernātiō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vernare"
},
"expansion": "Italian: vernare",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: vernare"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vernus",
"3": "-ō",
"alt2": "-āre",
"id2": "denominative",
"pos2": "verb-forming suffix",
"t1": "springlike"
},
"expansion": "vernus (“springlike”) + -āre (verb-forming suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wósr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From vernus (“springlike”) + -āre (verb-forming suffix), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vē̆rnō",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāre",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvī",
"tags": [
"active",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātum",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābitis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnābunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvistī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvistis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvērunt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāvēre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāveram",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverās",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverāmus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverātis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāveris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverimus",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāveritis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāverint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnor",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāris",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāre",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnātur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāmur",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vē̆rnāminī",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
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},
{
"form": "ве̑рно",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "vȇrno"
},
"expansion": "vȇrno (Cyrillic spelling ве̑рно)",
"name": "sh-adverb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ve‧rno"
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian adverbs",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"faithfully"
],
"links": [
[
"faithfully",
"faithfully"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʋêːrno/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Ijekavian"
],
"word": "vjȇrno"
}
],
"word": "verno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for verno meaning in All languages combined (30.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.