"vermin" meaning in All languages combined

See vermin on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈvɝmɪn/ [General-American], /ˈvɜːmɪn/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vermin.wav [Southern-England] Forms: vermin [plural], vermins [plural]
Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)mɪn Etymology: From Middle English vermyn, vermyne, from Old French vermine, from Vulgar Latin *verminum (“vermin”), collective noun formed from Latin vermis (“worm”). See also worm. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|vermyn}} Middle English vermyn, {{m|enm|vermyne}} vermyne, {{der|en|fro|vermine}} Old French vermine, {{der|en|VL.|*verminum||vermin}} Vulgar Latin *verminum (“vermin”), {{der|en|la|vermis||worm}} Latin vermis (“worm”), {{m|en|worm}} worm Head templates: {{en-noun|~|vermin|s}} vermin (countable and uncountable, plural vermin or vermins)
  1. Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance): خَشَاش (ḵašāš) [masculine] (Arabic), ҡоротҡос (qorotqos) (Bashkir), вреди́тел (vredítel) (Bulgarian), гадина (gadina) [feminine] (Bulgarian), menjança [feminine] (Catalan), 害蟲 (Chinese Mandarin), 害虫 (hàichóng) (Chinese Mandarin), 寄生蟲 (Chinese Mandarin), 寄生虫 (jìshēngchóng) (Chinese Mandarin), havěť [feminine] (Czech), škodná [feminine] (Czech), skadedyr [neuter] (Danish), ongedierte [neuter] (Dutch), fiinsekto (Esperanto), tuhoeläin (Finnish), tuholainen (Finnish), syöpäläinen (Finnish), vermine [feminine] (French), მავნებელი (mavnebeli) (Georgian), პარაზიტი (ṗaraziṭi) (Georgian), Ungeziefer [neuter] (German), Schädlinge [plural] (German), Gewürm [neuter] (German), שֶׁרֶץ (shéretz) [masculine] (Hebrew), kártevő (Hungarian), élősdi (Hungarian), féreg (Hungarian), míolra [masculine] (Irish), parassita [masculine] (Italian), 害虫 (gaichū) (alt: がいちゅう) (Japanese), 害獣 (gaijū) (alt: がいじゅう) (Japanese), 해충 (haechung) (Korean), штеточина (štetočina) [feminine] (Macedonian), vermyn (Middle English), حشره موذی (hašare-ye muzi) [insects, entomology, biology, natural-sciences] (Persian), جک و جانور (jak-o-jânevar) [informal] (Persian), robactwo [neuter] (Polish), vermina [feminine] (Portuguese), вреди́тель (vredítelʹ) [masculine] (Russian), парази́т (parazít) [masculine] (Russian), гад (gad) [masculine] (Russian), háveď [feminine] (Slovak), alimaña [feminine] (Spanish), bicho [masculine] (Spanish), skadedjur [neuter] (Swedish), ohyra [common-gender] (Swedish), wiym [neuter] (Vilamovian), minimil (Volapük), minimilem [collective, singular] (Volapük), dämabanim (english: animal) (Volapük), dämabanäsäk (english: insect) (Volapük), pryf [masculine] (Welsh), pryfed [plural] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-vermin-en-noun-L1ylt8IQ Disambiguation of 'Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance': 96 3 1
  2. An animal that preys on game, such as a fox or a weasel. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): People
    Sense id: en-vermin-en-noun-V~LTsWtP Disambiguation of People: 24 46 30 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 29 65 5 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 31 61 8
  3. An obnoxious or mean and offensive person. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person): гад (gad) [feminine] (Bulgarian), gentola [feminine] (Catalan), 歹徒 (dǎitú) (Chinese Mandarin), verbež [feminine] (Czech), chamraď [feminine] (Czech), pakáž [feminine] (Czech), neřád [masculine] (Czech), kiusankappale (Finnish), nilkki (Finnish), vermine [feminine] (French), Gesindel [neuter] (German), Pack [neuter] (German), اراذل (arâzel) [plural] (Persian), szkodnik [masculine] (Polish), verme [masculine] (Portuguese), гад (gad) [masculine] (Russian), подо́нок (podónok) [masculine] (Russian), гни́да (gnída) [feminine] (Russian), gentuza [feminine] (Spanish), sabandija [feminine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-vermin-en-noun-oTA37lp- Disambiguation of 'An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person': 3 0 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: verminicide, verminer Related terms: varmint

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for vermin meaning in All languages combined (17.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "verminicide"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "verminer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vermyn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vermyn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vermyne"
      },
      "expansion": "vermyne",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vermine"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vermine",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*verminum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "vermin"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *verminum (“vermin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vermis",
        "4": "",
        "5": "worm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vermis (“worm”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "worm"
      },
      "expansion": "worm",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vermyn, vermyne, from Old French vermine, from Vulgar Latin *verminum (“vermin”), collective noun formed from Latin vermis (“worm”). See also worm.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vermin",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vermins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "vermin",
        "3": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "vermin (countable and uncountable, plural vermin or vermins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "varmint"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The area was plagued by all sorts of vermin: fleas, lice, mice, and rats to name a few.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1903, Harry de Windt, “The Great Lena Post Road”, in From Paris to New York by Land, New York, N.Y.: Frederick Warne & Co. […], published 1904, →OCLC, part I (Europe and Asia), page 27",
          "text": "Vermin was everywhere; night and day it crawled gaily over the walls and ceiling, about our bodies, and into our very food, and, although the subject did not interest us, a naturalist would have delighted in the ever-changing varieties of insect life.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance."
      ],
      "id": "en-vermin-en-noun-L1ylt8IQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "insect",
          "insect"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "annoyance",
          "annoyance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḵašāš",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "خَشَاش"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ba",
          "lang": "Bashkir",
          "roman": "qorotqos",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "ҡоротҡос"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vredítel",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "вреди́тел"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "gadina",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "гадина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "menjança"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "害蟲"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "hàichóng",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "害虫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "寄生蟲"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jìshēngchóng",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "寄生虫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "havěť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "škodná"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "skadedyr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ongedierte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "fiinsekto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "tuhoeläin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "tuholainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "syöpäläinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vermine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "mavnebeli",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "მავნებელი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṗaraziṭi",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "პარაზიტი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Ungeziefer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Schädlinge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Gewürm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "shéretz",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "שֶׁרֶץ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "kártevő"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "élősdi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "féreg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "míolra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "parassita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "alt": "がいちゅう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gaichū",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "害虫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "alt": "がいじゅう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "gaijū",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "害獣"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "haechung",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "해충"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "štetočina",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "штеточина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "vermyn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "hašare-ye muzi",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "topics": [
            "insects",
            "entomology",
            "biology",
            "natural-sciences"
          ],
          "word": "حشره موذی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "jak-o-jânevar",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "informal"
          ],
          "word": "جک و جانور"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "robactwo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vermina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vredítelʹ",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "вреди́тель"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "parazít",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "парази́т"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gad",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гад"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "háveď"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "alimaña"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bicho"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "skadedjur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "ohyra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "wym",
          "lang": "Vilamovian",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "wiym"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "minimil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "collective",
            "singular"
          ],
          "word": "minimilem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "vo",
          "english": "animal",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "dämabanim"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "vo",
          "english": "insect",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "word": "dämabanäsäk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pryf"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 3 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "pryfed"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 65 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 61 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 46 30",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An animal that preys on game, such as a fox or a weasel."
      ],
      "id": "en-vermin-en-noun-V~LTsWtP",
      "links": [
        [
          "preys on",
          "prey on"
        ],
        [
          "game",
          "game"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Bring these vermin to the Palace of Justice.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An obnoxious or mean and offensive person."
      ],
      "id": "en-vermin-en-noun-oTA37lp-",
      "links": [
        [
          "obnoxious",
          "obnoxious"
        ],
        [
          "mean",
          "mean"
        ],
        [
          "offensive",
          "offensive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "gad",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "гад"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gentola"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dǎitú",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "word": "歹徒"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "verbež"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "chamraď"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pakáž"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "neřád"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "word": "kiusankappale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "word": "nilkki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vermine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Gesindel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Pack"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "arâzel",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "اراذل"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "szkodnik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "verme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gad",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гад"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "podónok",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "подо́нок"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "gnída",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "гни́да"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "gentuza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 0 97",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sabandija"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɝmɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɜːmɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)mɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vermin.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Vermin (disambiguation)",
    "vermin"
  ],
  "word": "vermin"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Requests for review of Estonian translations",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Spanish translations",
    "Requests for review of Volapük translations",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)mɪn",
    "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)mɪn/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "verminicide"
    },
    {
      "word": "verminer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vermyn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vermyn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "vermyne"
      },
      "expansion": "vermyne",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vermine"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vermine",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*verminum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "vermin"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *verminum (“vermin”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vermis",
        "4": "",
        "5": "worm"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vermis (“worm”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "worm"
      },
      "expansion": "worm",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vermyn, vermyne, from Old French vermine, from Vulgar Latin *verminum (“vermin”), collective noun formed from Latin vermis (“worm”). See also worm.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vermin",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vermins",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~",
        "2": "vermin",
        "3": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "vermin (countable and uncountable, plural vermin or vermins)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "varmint"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The area was plagued by all sorts of vermin: fleas, lice, mice, and rats to name a few.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1903, Harry de Windt, “The Great Lena Post Road”, in From Paris to New York by Land, New York, N.Y.: Frederick Warne & Co. […], published 1904, →OCLC, part I (Europe and Asia), page 27",
          "text": "Vermin was everywhere; night and day it crawled gaily over the walls and ceiling, about our bodies, and into our very food, and, although the subject did not interest us, a naturalist would have delighted in the ever-changing varieties of insect life.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "insect",
          "insect"
        ],
        [
          "harm",
          "harm"
        ],
        [
          "annoyance",
          "annoyance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An animal that preys on game, such as a fox or a weasel."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "preys on",
          "prey on"
        ],
        [
          "game",
          "game"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Bring these vermin to the Palace of Justice.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An obnoxious or mean and offensive person."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "obnoxious",
          "obnoxious"
        ],
        [
          "mean",
          "mean"
        ],
        [
          "offensive",
          "offensive"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɝmɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvɜːmɪn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)mɪn"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vermin.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vermin.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḵašāš",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "خَشَاش"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "qorotqos",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "ҡоротҡос"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vredítel",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "вреди́тел"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "gadina",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "гадина"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "menjança"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "害蟲"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "hàichóng",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "害虫"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "寄生蟲"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jìshēngchóng",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "寄生虫"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "havěť"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "škodná"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "skadedyr"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ongedierte"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "fiinsekto"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "tuhoeläin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "tuholainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "syöpäläinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vermine"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "mavnebeli",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "მავნებელი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṗaraziṭi",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "პარაზიტი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Ungeziefer"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Schädlinge"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Gewürm"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "shéretz",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "שֶׁרֶץ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "kártevő"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "élősdi"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "féreg"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "míolra"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "parassita"
    },
    {
      "alt": "がいちゅう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gaichū",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "害虫"
    },
    {
      "alt": "がいじゅう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "gaijū",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "害獣"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "haechung",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "해충"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "štetočina",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "штеточина"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "vermyn"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "hašare-ye muzi",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "topics": [
        "insects",
        "entomology",
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "word": "حشره موذی"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "jak-o-jânevar",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "جک و جانور"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "robactwo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vermina"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vredítelʹ",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "вреди́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "parazít",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "парази́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gad",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гад"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "háveď"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "alimaña"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bicho"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "skadedjur"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "ohyra"
    },
    {
      "code": "wym",
      "lang": "Vilamovian",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "wiym"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "minimil"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "singular"
      ],
      "word": "minimilem"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "english": "animal",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "dämabanim"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "english": "insect",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "word": "dämabanäsäk"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pryf"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "pryfed"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "gad",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "гад"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gentola"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dǎitú",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "word": "歹徒"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "verbež"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "chamraď"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pakáž"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "neřád"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "word": "kiusankappale"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "word": "nilkki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vermine"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Gesindel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Pack"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "arâzel",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "اراذل"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "szkodnik"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "verme"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gad",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гад"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "podónok",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "подо́нок"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gnída",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "гни́да"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gentuza"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "An obnoxious, or mean and offensive person",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sabandija"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Vermin (disambiguation)",
    "vermin"
  ],
  "word": "vermin"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.