See vallum on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vallum"
},
"expansion": "Latin vallum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wall"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wall",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "vallum (plural vallums or valla)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"id": "en-vallum-en-noun-BcQ5JyUG",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Ancient Rome) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The eyebrow."
],
"id": "en-vallum-en-noun-D0JpDE0Q",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The eyebrow."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæləm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vallum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vallo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: vallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: vallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: vall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: vall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "valo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: valo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: valo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "valo",
"3": "vala"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: valo, vala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: valo, vala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: valla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: valla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "vaḍḍu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: vaḍḍu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: vaḍḍu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "avulli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: avulli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: avulli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vallum",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: vallum (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: vallum (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wał",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: wał",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: wał"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wall",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*walso"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *walso",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*uh₂lso-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἧλος",
"t": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Italic *walso, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-, itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Compare Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"expansion": "vallum n (genitive vallī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "circumvāllō"
},
{
"word": "intervallum"
},
{
"word": "vallō"
},
{
"word": "vallus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wall, rampart, entrenchment"
],
"id": "en-vallum-la-noun-J0eCZdOq",
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"entrenchment",
"entrenchment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈu̯al.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈu̯älːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈval.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvälːum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vallum"
},
"expansion": "Latin vallum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wall"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wall",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "vallum (plural vallums or valla)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Ancient Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Ancient Rome) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The eyebrow."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The eyebrow."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæləm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vallum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "circumvāllō"
},
{
"word": "intervallum"
},
{
"word": "vallō"
},
{
"word": "vallus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vallo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: vallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: vallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: vall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: vall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "valo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: valo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: valo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "valo",
"3": "vala"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: valo, vala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: valo, vala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: valla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: valla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "vaḍḍu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: vaḍḍu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: vaḍḍu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "avulli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: avulli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: avulli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vallum",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: vallum (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: vallum (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wał",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: wał",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: wał"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wall",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*walso"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *walso",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*uh₂lso-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἧλος",
"t": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Italic *walso, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-, itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Compare Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"expansion": "vallum n (genitive vallī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"wall, rampart, entrenchment"
],
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"entrenchment",
"entrenchment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈu̯al.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈu̯älːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈval.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvälːum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vallum meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.