See travail on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for travail meaning in All languages combined (19.4kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tréyes"
},
"expansion": "*tréyes",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tréyes"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail",
"t": "suffering, torment"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail (“suffering, torment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "travailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*tripāliāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "tripālium"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin tripālium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tripālis",
"t": "held up by three stakes"
},
"expansion": "Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*trēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *trēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pākslos"
},
"expansion": "*pākslos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\n]\nFrom Middle English travail, from Old French travail (“suffering, torment”), deverbal of travailler, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre, from Late Latin tripālium, from Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”) from Proto-Italic *trēs + *pākslos from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Doublet of travel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "travaux"
},
"expansion": "travail (plural travails or travaux)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582 – 1610, Douay Rheims Bible, Book of Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Sirach) XL.1–11",
"text": "Great trauail is created to al men, and an heauie yoke vpon the children of Adam, from the day of their comming forth of their mothers wombe, vntil the day of their burying, into the mother of al. […]"
},
{
"ref": "1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21",
"text": "But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 38",
"text": "He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010",
"text": "And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 31, Alexis Soloski, “Why the Sudden Urge to Reconsider Famous Women?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "In the most egregious examples, these stories harness a particular woman’s travails without acknowledging the systems and forces that contributed to her treatment and how these systems persist in our own time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-oDaTeT0H",
"links": [
[
"Arduous",
"arduous"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Specifically, the labor of childbirth."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun--0uIz0Jm",
"links": [
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "مَخَاض"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkunkʻ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկունք"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "erkn",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկն"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "родилни мъки"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "part"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "porod"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-R6ylbp3D",
"links": [
[
"working",
"working"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 43 0 5 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-35cr6AVe",
"links": [
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk trud",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тежък труд"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tribulació"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dřina"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lopota"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "námaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traballo"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "slit"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "travel"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of travel."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-zalDKcED",
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a kind of sled",
"word": "travois"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of travois (“a kind of sled”)"
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-dxqF5Tnh",
"links": [
[
"travois",
"travois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "travel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tripalium"
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travailen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travaillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French travaillier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swinken",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swinken (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swincan",
"3": "",
"4": "to labour, to toil, to work at"
},
"expansion": "Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English travailen, from Old French travaillier, from the noun (see above). Doublet of travel. Displaced native Middle English swinken (“to work”) (from Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "travailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "travail (third-person singular simple present travails, present participle travailing, simple past and past participle travailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk",
"text": "[A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-verb-6h8vPlpX",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to toil",
"word": "peiner"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go through the labor of childbirth."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-verb-b-SOTbGp",
"links": [
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodit"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en couches"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "travel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "à travail égal, salaire égal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "accident de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "accident du travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "arrêt de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bourreau de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "camp de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "certificat de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "contrat de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "contrôleur des travaux finis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "droit du travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "et voilà le travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fête du Travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "flux de travaux"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "groupe de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "inspecteur des travaux finis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "langue de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lieu de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "marché du travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mémoire de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "permis de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plan de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "poste de travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tout travail mérite salaire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail à la chaîne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail au noir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail de bénédictin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail de cochon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail de Romain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail d’arabe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail d’intérêt général"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail forcé"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travail, famille, patrie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travailler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travailleur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travailliste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "travaux forcés"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "travail",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French travail",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "travailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travauz"
},
"expansion": "travauz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailz"
},
"expansion": "travailz",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French travail, from Old French travail, deverbal of travailler.\nThe plural derives from Old French travauz, early travailz, with vocalization of the lateral before a consonant (/tʁavo/ < /tɾaˈvau̯s/ < /tɾaˈvaʎts/).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "travaux",
"3": "travails"
},
"expansion": "travail m (plural travaux or travails)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "work done well, a job well done",
"text": "un travail bien fait",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's get to work.",
"text": "On se met au travail.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do get to work.",
"text": "Remettez-vous au travail.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He dives into work.",
"text": "Il se plonge dans le travail.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "For most women, labor begins with uterine contractions.",
"text": "Pour la majorité des femmes, le travail commence par des contractions utérine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work; labor"
],
"id": "en-travail-fr-noun-dJ3u7t7u",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"job"
],
"id": "en-travail-fr-noun-XoyZAiB6",
"links": [
[
"job",
"job"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 2 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"workplace"
],
"id": "en-travail-fr-noun-gzZkmSmX",
"links": [
[
"workplace",
"workplace"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʁa.vaj/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aj"
},
{
"homophone": "travaille"
},
{
"homophone": "travaillent"
},
{
"homophone": "travailles"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-travail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/Fr-travail.ogg/Fr-travail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Fr-travail.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Paris"
],
"text": "Audio (France, Paris)"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-Paris--travail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Fr-Paris--travail.ogg/Fr-Paris--travail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Fr-Paris--travail.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
],
"text": "Audio (Paris)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "boulot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "taf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "turbin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "job"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "French: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: travail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French travail.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "travails",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "travail m (plural travails)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "travail m (plural travails)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffering; pain"
],
"id": "en-travail-frm-noun-GpWU6DwM",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: travail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "French: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: travail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "travas"
},
"expansion": "Norman: travas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: travas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "travail",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: travail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "English: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: travail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from travailler",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from travailler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travail oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "travauz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travailz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travauz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "travailz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "travail",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "travail oblique singular, m (oblique plural travauz or travailz, nominative singular travauz or travailz, nominative plural travail)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffering, torment"
],
"id": "en-travail-fro-noun-4qRPrXbl",
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂ǵ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *tréyes",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tréyes"
},
"expansion": "*tréyes",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tréyes"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail",
"t": "suffering, torment"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail (“suffering, torment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "travailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*tripāliāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "tripālium"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin tripālium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tripālis",
"t": "held up by three stakes"
},
"expansion": "Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*trēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *trēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pākslos"
},
"expansion": "*pākslos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\n]\nFrom Middle English travail, from Old French travail (“suffering, torment”), deverbal of travailler, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre, from Late Latin tripālium, from Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”) from Proto-Italic *trēs + *pākslos from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Doublet of travel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "travaux"
},
"expansion": "travail (plural travails or travaux)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582 – 1610, Douay Rheims Bible, Book of Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Sirach) XL.1–11",
"text": "Great trauail is created to al men, and an heauie yoke vpon the children of Adam, from the day of their comming forth of their mothers wombe, vntil the day of their burying, into the mother of al. […]"
},
{
"ref": "1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21",
"text": "But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 38",
"text": "He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010",
"text": "And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 31, Alexis Soloski, “Why the Sudden Urge to Reconsider Famous Women?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "In the most egregious examples, these stories harness a particular woman’s travails without acknowledging the systems and forces that contributed to her treatment and how these systems persist in our own time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"links": [
[
"Arduous",
"arduous"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Specifically, the labor of childbirth."
],
"links": [
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"links": [
[
"working",
"working"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"links": [
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "travel"
}
],
"categories": [
"English obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of travel."
],
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a kind of sled",
"word": "travois"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of travois (“a kind of sled”)"
],
"links": [
[
"travois",
"travois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "travel"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk trud",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тежък труд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tribulació"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dřina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lopota"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "námaha"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traballo"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "slit"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "مَخَاض"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkunkʻ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկունք"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "erkn",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "родилни мъки"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "part"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "porod"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tripalium"
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travailen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travaillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French travaillier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swinken",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swinken (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swincan",
"3": "",
"4": "to labour, to toil, to work at"
},
"expansion": "Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English travailen, from Old French travaillier, from the noun (see above). Doublet of travel. Displaced native Middle English swinken (“to work”) (from Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "travailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "travail (third-person singular simple present travails, present participle travailing, simple past and past participle travailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk",
"text": "[A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go through the labor of childbirth."
],
"links": [
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "travel"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to toil",
"word": "peiner"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodit"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en travail"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en couches"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:French/aj"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "à travail égal, salaire égal"
},
{
"word": "accident de travail"
},
{
"word": "accident du travail"
},
{
"word": "arrêt de travail"
},
{
"word": "bourreau de travail"
},
{
"word": "camp de travail"
},
{
"word": "certificat de travail"
},
{
"word": "contrat de travail"
},
{
"word": "contrôleur des travaux finis"
},
{
"word": "droit du travail"
},
{
"word": "et voilà le travail"
},
{
"word": "fête du Travail"
},
{
"word": "flux de travaux"
},
{
"word": "groupe de travail"
},
{
"word": "inspecteur des travaux finis"
},
{
"word": "langue de travail"
},
{
"word": "lieu de travail"
},
{
"word": "marché du travail"
},
{
"word": "mémoire de travail"
},
{
"word": "permis de travail"
},
{
"word": "plan de travail"
},
{
"word": "poste de travail"
},
{
"word": "tout travail mérite salaire"
},
{
"word": "travail à la chaîne"
},
{
"word": "travail au noir"
},
{
"word": "travail de bénédictin"
},
{
"word": "travail de cochon"
},
{
"word": "travail de Romain"
},
{
"word": "travail d’arabe"
},
{
"word": "travail d’intérêt général"
},
{
"word": "travail forcé"
},
{
"word": "travail, famille, patrie"
},
{
"word": "travailler"
},
{
"word": "travailleur"
},
{
"word": "travailliste"
},
{
"word": "travaux forcés"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "travail",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French travail",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "travailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travauz"
},
"expansion": "travauz",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailz"
},
"expansion": "travailz",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French travail, from Old French travail, deverbal of travailler.\nThe plural derives from Old French travauz, early travailz, with vocalization of the lateral before a consonant (/tʁavo/ < /tɾaˈvau̯s/ < /tɾaˈvaʎts/).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "travaux",
"3": "travails"
},
"expansion": "travail m (plural travaux or travails)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "work done well, a job well done",
"text": "un travail bien fait",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Let's get to work.",
"text": "On se met au travail.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do get to work.",
"text": "Remettez-vous au travail.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He dives into work.",
"text": "Il se plonge dans le travail.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "For most women, labor begins with uterine contractions.",
"text": "Pour la majorité des femmes, le travail commence par des contractions utérine.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"work; labor"
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"job"
],
"links": [
[
"job",
"job"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"workplace"
],
"links": [
[
"workplace",
"workplace"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʁa.vaj/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aj"
},
{
"homophone": "travaille"
},
{
"homophone": "travaillent"
},
{
"homophone": "travailles"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-travail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/Fr-travail.ogg/Fr-travail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Fr-travail.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Paris"
],
"text": "Audio (France, Paris)"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-Paris--travail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/Fr-Paris--travail.ogg/Fr-Paris--travail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Fr-Paris--travail.ogg",
"tags": [
"Paris"
],
"text": "Audio (Paris)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "boulot"
},
{
"word": "taf"
},
{
"word": "turbin"
},
{
"word": "job"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "French: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: travail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French travail.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "travails",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "travail m (plural travails)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "travail m (plural travails)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French masculine nouns",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"glosses": [
"suffering; pain"
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: travail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "French: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: travail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "travas"
},
"expansion": "Norman: travas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: travas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "travail",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: travail"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travail"
},
"expansion": "English: travail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: travail"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from travailler",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from travailler.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travail oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "travauz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travailz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travauz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "travailz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "travail",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "travail oblique singular, m (oblique plural travauz or travailz, nominative singular travauz or travailz, nominative plural travail)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French deverbals",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"suffering, torment"
],
"links": [
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: (1) __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__, (3) __IGNORE__, (4) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: (1) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'travail oblique singular or', originally 'travail oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'travail oblique singular or', originally 'travail oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'travail oblique singular or' in 'travail oblique singular, m (oblique plural travauz or travailz, nominative singular travauz or travailz, nominative plural travail)'",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.