See travail in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tréyes"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail",
"t": "suffering, torment"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail (“suffering, torment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*tripāliāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "tripālium"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin tripālium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tripālis",
"t": "held up by three stakes"
},
"expansion": "Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*trēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *trēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\n]\nFrom Middle English travail, from Old French travail (“suffering, torment”), deverbal of travailler, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre, from Late Latin tripālium, from Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”) from Proto-Italic *trēs + *pākslos from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Doublet of travel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "travaux"
},
"expansion": "travail (plural travails or travaux)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582 – 1610, Douay Rheims Bible, Book of Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Sirach) XL.1–11",
"text": "Great trauail is created to al men, and an heauie yoke vpon the children of Adam, from the day of their comming forth of their mothers wombe, vntil the day of their burying, into the mother of al. […]"
},
{
"ref": "1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:",
"text": "But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 20, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Travell and pleasure, most unlike in nature, are notwithstanding followed together by a kind of I wot not what natural conjunction[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1919, Stanley J. Weyman, “XIII Peter Pauper”, in The Great House:",
"text": "But I know that to-day there are great questions calling for an answer, wrongs clamoring to be righted, a people in travail that pleads for ease!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 38:",
"text": "He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010, →ISBN:",
"text": "And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 31, Alexis Soloski, “Why the Sudden Urge to Reconsider Famous Women?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "In the most egregious examples, these stories harness a particular woman’s travails without acknowledging the systems and forces that contributed to her treatment and how these systems persist in our own time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-oDaTeT0H",
"links": [
[
"Arduous",
"arduous"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act III, scene chorus]:",
"text": "The lady shrieks and, well-a-near,\nDoes fall in travail with her fear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 38:27–28:",
"text": "And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Specifically, the labor of childbirth."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun--0uIz0Jm",
"links": [
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "مَخَاض"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkunkʻ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկունք"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "erkn",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկն"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "родилни мъки"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "part"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "porod"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 54 22 2 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poród"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 4 35 38 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 33 39 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 3 28 34 6 8 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 33 40 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 32 35 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-R6ylbp3D",
"links": [
[
"working",
"working"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk trud",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тежък труд"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tribulació"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dřina"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lopota"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "námaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traballo"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 46 0 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "slit"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 3 8 65 3 10 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "6 5 7 51 6 8 8 10",
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
"_dis": "4 4 7 54 4 6 5 6 5 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "3 3 5 68 3 4 4 4 4 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 5 23 47 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 35 38 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 33 39 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 32 41 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 3 28 34 6 8 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 8 41 7 11 10 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 8 41 6 11 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 31 42 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 33 40 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 32 35 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 23 31 6 9 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-35cr6AVe",
"links": [
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "travel"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 4 32 35 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of travel."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-zalDKcED",
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a kind of sled",
"word": "travois"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 4 33 39 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of travois (“a kind of sled”)"
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-dxqF5Tnh",
"links": [
[
"travois",
"travois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
},
{
"enpr": "trăvʹāl'"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "travel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tripalium"
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travailen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travaillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French travaillier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swinken",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swinken (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swincan",
"3": "",
"4": "to labour, to toil, to work at"
},
"expansion": "Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English travailen, from Old French travaillier, from the noun (see above). Doublet of travel. Displaced native Middle English swinken (“to work”) (from Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "travailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "travail (third-person singular simple present travails, present participle travailing, simple past and past participle travailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk:",
"text": "[A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 15:20:",
"text": "The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1714, J[ohn] Gay, “The Proeme to the Courteous Reader”, in The Shepherd’s Week. In Six Pastorals, London: […] R. Burleigh […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Other poet travailing in this plain high-way of paſtoral know I none.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-verb-6h8vPlpX",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to toil",
"word": "peiner"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John:",
"text": "A woman when she traveyleth hath sorowe, be cause her houre is come: but as sone as she is delivered off her chylde she remembreth no moare her anguysshe, for ioye that a man is borne in to the worlde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:16:",
"text": "And they iourneyed from Bethel: and there was but a litle way to come to Ephrath; and Rachel traueiled, and she had hard labour.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go through the labor of childbirth."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-verb-b-SOTbGp",
"links": [
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodit"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en couches"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodzić"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
},
{
"enpr": "trăvʹāl'"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
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"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "travel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂ǵ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *tréyes",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tréyes"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail",
"t": "suffering, torment"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail (“suffering, torment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*tripāliāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "tripālium"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin tripālium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tripālis",
"t": "held up by three stakes"
},
"expansion": "Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*trēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *trēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\n]\nFrom Middle English travail, from Old French travail (“suffering, torment”), deverbal of travailler, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre, from Late Latin tripālium, from Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”) from Proto-Italic *trēs + *pākslos from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Doublet of travel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "travaux"
},
"expansion": "travail (plural travails or travaux)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582 – 1610, Douay Rheims Bible, Book of Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Sirach) XL.1–11",
"text": "Great trauail is created to al men, and an heauie yoke vpon the children of Adam, from the day of their comming forth of their mothers wombe, vntil the day of their burying, into the mother of al. […]"
},
{
"ref": "1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21:",
"text": "But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 20, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Travell and pleasure, most unlike in nature, are notwithstanding followed together by a kind of I wot not what natural conjunction[…].",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1919, Stanley J. Weyman, “XIII Peter Pauper”, in The Great House:",
"text": "But I know that to-day there are great questions calling for an answer, wrongs clamoring to be righted, a people in travail that pleads for ease!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 38:",
"text": "He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010, →ISBN:",
"text": "And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 31, Alexis Soloski, “Why the Sudden Urge to Reconsider Famous Women?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "In the most egregious examples, these stories harness a particular woman’s travails without acknowledging the systems and forces that contributed to her treatment and how these systems persist in our own time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"links": [
[
"Arduous",
"arduous"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act III, scene chorus]:",
"text": "The lady shrieks and, well-a-near,\nDoes fall in travail with her fear.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 38:27–28:",
"text": "And it came to pass in the time of her travail, that, behold, twins were in her womb. And it came to pass, when she travailed, that the one put out his hand: and the midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, This came out first,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Specifically, the labor of childbirth."
],
"links": [
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"links": [
[
"working",
"working"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"links": [
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "travel"
}
],
"categories": [
"English obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of travel."
],
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a kind of sled",
"word": "travois"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of travois (“a kind of sled”)"
],
"links": [
[
"travois",
"travois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
},
{
"enpr": "trăvʹāl'"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "travel"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk trud",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тежък труд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tribulació"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dřina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lopota"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "námaha"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traballo"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "slit"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "مَخَاض"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkunkʻ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկունք"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "erkn",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "родилни мъки"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "part"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "porod"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "poród"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tripalium"
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Polish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travailen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travaillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French travaillier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swinken",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swinken (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swincan",
"3": "",
"4": "to labour, to toil, to work at"
},
"expansion": "Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English travailen, from Old French travaillier, from the noun (see above). Doublet of travel. Displaced native Middle English swinken (“to work”) (from Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "travailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "travail (third-person singular simple present travails, present participle travailing, simple past and past participle travailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk:",
"text": "[A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 15:20:",
"text": "The wicked man travaileth with pain all his days, and the number of years is hidden to the oppressor.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1714, J[ohn] Gay, “The Proeme to the Courteous Reader”, in The Shepherd’s Week. In Six Pastorals, London: […] R. Burleigh […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Other poet travailing in this plain high-way of paſtoral know I none.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John:",
"text": "A woman when she traveyleth hath sorowe, be cause her houre is come: but as sone as she is delivered off her chylde she remembreth no moare her anguysshe, for ioye that a man is borne in to the worlde.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 35:16:",
"text": "And they iourneyed from Bethel: and there was but a litle way to come to Ephrath; and Rachel traueiled, and she had hard labour.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go through the labor of childbirth."
],
"links": [
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
},
{
"enpr": "trăvʹāl'"
},
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "travel"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to toil",
"word": "peiner"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodit"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en travail"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en couches"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodzić"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
Download raw JSONL data for travail meaning in English (14.5kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: (1) __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__, (3) __IGNORE__, (4) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: (1) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.