See travail in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for travail meaning in English (11.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tréyes"
},
"expansion": "*tréyes",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tréyes"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail",
"t": "suffering, torment"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail (“suffering, torment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "travailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*tripāliāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "tripālium"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin tripālium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tripālis",
"t": "held up by three stakes"
},
"expansion": "Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*trēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *trēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pākslos"
},
"expansion": "*pākslos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\n]\nFrom Middle English travail, from Old French travail (“suffering, torment”), deverbal of travailler, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre, from Late Latin tripālium, from Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”) from Proto-Italic *trēs + *pākslos from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Doublet of travel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "travaux"
},
"expansion": "travail (plural travails or travaux)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582 – 1610, Douay Rheims Bible, Book of Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Sirach) XL.1–11",
"text": "Great trauail is created to al men, and an heauie yoke vpon the children of Adam, from the day of their comming forth of their mothers wombe, vntil the day of their burying, into the mother of al. […]"
},
{
"ref": "1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21",
"text": "But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 38",
"text": "He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010",
"text": "And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 31, Alexis Soloski, “Why the Sudden Urge to Reconsider Famous Women?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "In the most egregious examples, these stories harness a particular woman’s travails without acknowledging the systems and forces that contributed to her treatment and how these systems persist in our own time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-oDaTeT0H",
"links": [
[
"Arduous",
"arduous"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Specifically, the labor of childbirth."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun--0uIz0Jm",
"links": [
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "مَخَاض"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkunkʻ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկունք"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "erkn",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկն"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "родилни мъки"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "part"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "porod"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 53 17 10 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-R6ylbp3D",
"links": [
[
"working",
"working"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 14 6 43 0 5 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-35cr6AVe",
"links": [
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk trud",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тежък труд"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tribulació"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dřina"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lopota"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "námaha"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traballo"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 25 8 42 0 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "slit"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "travel"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of travel."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-zalDKcED",
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a kind of sled",
"word": "travois"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of travois (“a kind of sled”)"
],
"id": "en-travail-en-noun-dxqF5Tnh",
"links": [
[
"travois",
"travois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "travel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tripalium"
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travailen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travaillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French travaillier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swinken",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swinken (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swincan",
"3": "",
"4": "to labour, to toil, to work at"
},
"expansion": "Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English travailen, from Old French travaillier, from the noun (see above). Doublet of travel. Displaced native Middle English swinken (“to work”) (from Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "travailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "travail (third-person singular simple present travails, present participle travailing, simple past and past participle travailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk",
"text": "[A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-verb-6h8vPlpX",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to toil",
"word": "peiner"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go through the labor of childbirth."
],
"id": "en-travail-en-verb-b-SOTbGp",
"links": [
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodit"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en travail"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en couches"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "travel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂ǵ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *tréyes",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tréyes"
},
"expansion": "*tréyes",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tréyes"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *tréyes",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travail"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travail",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travail",
"t": "suffering, torment"
},
"expansion": "Old French travail (“suffering, torment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "travailler"
},
"expansion": "travailler",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*tripāliāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "tripālium"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin tripālium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "tripālis",
"t": "held up by three stakes"
},
"expansion": "Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*trēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *trēs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pākslos"
},
"expansion": "*pākslos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *tréyes\n]\nFrom Middle English travail, from Old French travail (“suffering, torment”), deverbal of travailler, from Vulgar Latin *tripāliāre, from Late Latin tripālium, from Latin tripālis (“held up by three stakes”) from Proto-Italic *trēs + *pākslos from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-. Doublet of travel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "travaux",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "travaux"
},
"expansion": "travail (plural travails or travaux)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1582 – 1610, Douay Rheims Bible, Book of Ecclesiasticus (Wisdom of Sirach) XL.1–11",
"text": "Great trauail is created to al men, and an heauie yoke vpon the children of Adam, from the day of their comming forth of their mothers wombe, vntil the day of their burying, into the mother of al. […]"
},
{
"ref": "1597, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, Book V, §21",
"text": "But as every thing of price, so this doth require travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Djuna Barnes, Nightwood, Faber & Faber, published 2007, page 38",
"text": "He had thought of making a destiny for himself, through laborious and untiring travail.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Tony Judt, “Culture Wars”, in Postwar: A history of Europe since 1945, London: Vintage Books, published 2010",
"text": "And the British mandarin Left, like their contemporaries in the Foreign Office, had little time for the travails of the small countries between Germany and Russia, whom they had always regarded as something of a nuisance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 31, Alexis Soloski, “Why the Sudden Urge to Reconsider Famous Women?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "In the most egregious examples, these stories harness a particular woman’s travails without acknowledging the systems and forces that contributed to her treatment and how these systems persist in our own time.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"links": [
[
"Arduous",
"arduous"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship."
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Specifically, the labor of childbirth."
],
"links": [
[
"childbirth",
"childbirth"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"links": [
[
"working",
"working"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"links": [
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The eclipse of a celestial object."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "travel"
}
],
"categories": [
"English obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of travel."
],
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a kind of sled",
"word": "travois"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of travois (“a kind of sled”)"
],
"links": [
[
"travois",
"travois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "travel"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk trud",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тежък труд"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tribulació"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dřina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lopota"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "námaha"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "traballo"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "slit"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "مَخَاض"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "erkunkʻ",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկունք"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "erkn",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"word": "երկն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "rodilni mǎki",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "родилни мъки"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "part"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "porod"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "travail"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"tripalium"
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "travailen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English travailen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "travaillier"
},
"expansion": "Old French travaillier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "travel"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of travel",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swinken",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swinken (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swincan",
"3": "",
"4": "to labour, to toil, to work at"
},
"expansion": "Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English travailen, from Old French travaillier, from the noun (see above). Doublet of travel. Displaced native Middle English swinken (“to work”) (from Old English swincan (“to labour, to toil, to work at”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "travails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "travailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "travailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "travail (third-person singular simple present travails, present participle travailing, simple past and past participle travailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1552, Hugh Latimer, Fourth Sermon on the Lord's Prayer, Preached before Lady Katherine, Duchess of Suffolk",
"text": "[A]ll slothful persons, which will not travail for their livings, do the will of the devil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go through the labor of childbirth."
],
"links": [
[
"labor",
"labor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɹəˈveɪl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɹævˌeɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-travail.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-travail.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "trə-vālʹ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "travel"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "travell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to toil",
"word": "peiner"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rodit"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en travail"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "go through the labor of childbirth",
"word": "être en couches"
}
],
"word": "travail"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: (1) __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__, (3) __IGNORE__, (4) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: (1) __IGNORE__, __IGNORE__, (2) __IGNORE__",
"path": [
"travail"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "travail",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.