"tautology" meaning in All languages combined

See tautology on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /tɔˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ [UK], /tɔˈtɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ [General-American] Forms: tautologies [plural]
Rhymes: -ɒlədʒi Etymology: From Late Latin tautologia, from Ancient Greek ταὐτολογία (tautología) from ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”) + λόγος (lógos, “explanation”), analyzed as tauto- + -logy. Etymology templates: {{cln|en|undefined derivations}}, {{uder|en|LL.|tautologia|}} Late Latin tautologia, {{cln|en|undefined derivations}}, {{uder|en|grc|ταὐτολογία}} Ancient Greek ταὐτολογία (tautología), {{m|grc|ταὐτός||the same}} ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”), {{m|grc|λόγος||explanation}} λόγος (lógos, “explanation”), {{suffix|en|tauto-|-logy}} tauto- + -logy Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} tautology (countable and uncountable, plural tautologies)
  1. (uncountable) Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition. Tags: uncountable Translations (uncountable: redundant use of words): повторение (povtorenie) (Bulgarian), tautologia [feminine] (Catalan), tautologie [feminine] (French), tautoloxía [feminine] (Galician), Pleonasmus [masculine] (German), ταυτολογία (taftología) [feminine] (Greek), 同語反復 (dōgo hanpuku) (alt: どうごはんぷく) (Japanese), トートロジー (tōtorojī) (Japanese), pleonazm [masculine] (Polish), tautologia [feminine] (Polish), masło maślane [colloquial, neuter] (Polish), tautologia [feminine] (Portuguese), pleonasmo [masculine] (Portuguese), redundância [feminine] (Portuguese), tautologie [feminine] (Romanian), pleonasm [neuter] (Romanian), тавтоло́гия (tavtológija) [feminine] (Russian), ath-bhriathrachas [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), zalihost [feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), redundancija [feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), tautología [feminine] (Spanish), pleonasmo [masculine] (Spanish), redundancia [feminine] (Spanish), tautologi [common-gender] (Swedish), pagpapaliguy-ligoy (Tagalog), тавтоло́гія (tavtolóhija) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-tautology-en-noun-DnDdYw4b Disambiguation of 'uncountable: redundant use of words': 86 4 5 5
  2. (countable) An expression that features tautology. Tags: countable Translations (expression that features tautology): 套套邏輯 (Chinese), 套套逻辑 (Chinese), 套套逻辑 (tàotàoluóji) (Chinese), 廢話 (Chinese), 废话 (fèihuà) (Chinese), tautologie [feminine] (Dutch), tautologia (Finnish), toisto (Finnish), tautologie [feminine] (French), lapalissade [feminine] (French), pléonasme [masculine] (French), truisme [masculine] (French), Tautologie [feminine] (German), ταυτολογία (taftología) [feminine] (Greek), tautológia (Hungarian), tautologia [feminine] (Italian), 同語反復 (dōgo hanpuku) (alt: どうごはんぷく) (Japanese), トートロジー (tōtorojī) (Japanese), тавтологија (tavtologija) [feminine] (Macedonian), redundância [feminine] (Portuguese), pleonasmo [masculine] (Portuguese), tautologia [feminine] (Portuguese), tautologie [feminine] (Romanian), pleonasm [neuter] (Romanian), tautologija [feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), redundancia [feminine] (Spanish), pleonasmo [masculine] (Spanish), tautología [feminine, rhetoric] (Spanish), tautologi [common-gender] (Swedish), тавтоло́гія (tavtolóhija) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-tautology-en-noun-rO6EoqwF Disambiguation of 'expression that features tautology': 1 90 4 5
  3. (countable, logic, propositional logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables. Tags: countable Categories (topical): Logic
    Sense id: en-tautology-en-noun-nNe2nV8d Topics: human-sciences, logic, mathematics, philosophy, sciences
  4. (countable, logic, first-order logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms. Tags: countable Categories (topical): Logic
    Sense id: en-tautology-en-noun-FKLJ5ROJ Topics: human-sciences, logic, mathematics, philosophy, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: tautological, tautologically, tautologise, tautologist, tautologous, tautologously Related terms: pleonasm, redundancy Coordinate_terms (in logic): contingency, contradiction Translations (in logic): tautologia [feminine] (Catalan), tautologie [feminine] (Czech), tautologie [feminine] (Dutch), tautologia (Finnish), tautologie [feminine] (French), Tautologie [feminine] (German), ταυτολογία (taftología) [feminine] (Greek), tautológia (Hungarian), sísanna [feminine] (Icelandic), tautologia [feminine] (Italian), 恒真式 (kōshin shiki) (alt: こうしんしき) (Japanese), トートロジー (tōtorojī) (Japanese), тавтологија (tavtologija) [feminine] (Macedonian), tautologia [feminine] (Polish), tautologia [feminine] (Portuguese), tautologija [feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), tautología [feminine] (Spanish), tautologi [common-gender] (Swedish), тавтоло́гія (tavtolóhija) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
Disambiguation of 'in logic': 0 0 50 50 Disambiguation of 'in logic': 0 0 50 50

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for tautology meaning in All languages combined (15.3kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "linguistics: expression",
      "word": "contradiction in terms"
    },
    {
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "contradiction"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "oxymoron"
    }
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "contingency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "contradiction"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tautological"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tautologically"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tautologise"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tautologist"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tautologous"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tautologously"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "tautologia",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin tautologia",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ταὐτολογία"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ταὐτολογία (tautología)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ταὐτός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "the same"
      },
      "expansion": "ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λόγος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "explanation"
      },
      "expansion": "λόγος (lógos, “explanation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tauto-",
        "3": "-logy"
      },
      "expansion": "tauto- + -logy",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin tautologia, from Ancient Greek ταὐτολογία (tautología) from ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”) + λόγος (lógos, “explanation”), analyzed as tauto- + -logy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tautologies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "tautology (countable and uncountable, plural tautologies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pleonasm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "redundancy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It is tautology to say, \"Forward Planning\"."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition."
      ],
      "id": "en-tautology-en-noun-DnDdYw4b",
      "links": [
        [
          "Redundant",
          "redundant"
        ],
        [
          "pleonasm",
          "pleonasm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "povtorenie",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "word": "повторение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautoloxía"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Pleonasmus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "taftología",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ταυτολογία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "alt": "どうごはんぷく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "dōgo hanpuku",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "word": "同語反復"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "tōtorojī",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "word": "トートロジー"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pleonazm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "masło maślane"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pleonasmo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "redundância"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pleonasm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tavtológija",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "тавтоло́гия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ath-bhriathrachas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "zalihost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "redundancija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautología"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pleonasmo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "redundancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "tautologi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "word": "pagpapaliguy-ligoy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "tavtolóhija",
          "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "тавтоло́гія"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The expression \"raze to the ground\" is a tautology, since the word \"raze\" includes the notion \"to the ground\"."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy",
          "text": "Pure mathematics consists of tautologies, analogous to ‘men are men’, but usually more complicated.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An expression that features tautology."
      ],
      "id": "en-tautology-en-noun-rO6EoqwF",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) An expression that features tautology."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "套套邏輯"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "套套逻辑"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "tàotàoluóji",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "套套逻辑"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "廢話"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "zh",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "fèihuà",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "废话"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "tautologia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "toisto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "lapalissade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pléonasme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "truisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Tautologie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "taftología",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ταυτολογία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "tautológia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "alt": "どうごはんぷく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "dōgo hanpuku",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "同語反復"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "tōtorojī",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "word": "トートロジー"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "tavtologija",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "тавтологија"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "redundância"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pleonasmo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pleonasm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tautologija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "redundancia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pleonasmo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "rhetoric"
          ],
          "word": "tautología"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "tautologi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 90 4 5",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "tavtolóhija",
          "sense": "expression that features tautology",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "тавтоло́гія"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Logic",
          "orig": "en:Logic",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Philosophy",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables."
      ],
      "id": "en-tautology-en-noun-nNe2nV8d",
      "links": [
        [
          "logic",
          "logic"
        ],
        [
          "propositional logic",
          "propositional logic"
        ],
        [
          "statement",
          "statement"
        ],
        [
          "truth value",
          "truth value"
        ],
        [
          "propositional variable",
          "propositional variable"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "propositional logic",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, logic, propositional logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "logic",
        "mathematics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Logic",
          "orig": "en:Logic",
          "parents": [
            "Formal sciences",
            "Philosophy",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms."
      ],
      "id": "en-tautology-en-noun-FKLJ5ROJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "logic",
          "logic"
        ],
        [
          "first-order logic",
          "first-order logic"
        ],
        [
          "Boolean atom",
          "Boolean atom"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "first-order logic",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, logic, first-order logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "logic",
        "mathematics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɔˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tɔˈtɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒlədʒi"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Tautologie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "taftología",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ταυτολογία"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "tautológia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sísanna"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "alt": "こうしんしき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kōshin shiki",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "恒真式"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tōtorojī",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "トートロジー"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "tavtologija",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтологија"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologija"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautología"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tautologi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 50 50",
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "tavtolóhija",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтоло́гія"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tautology"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "linguistics: expression",
      "word": "contradiction in terms"
    },
    {
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "contradiction"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "oxymoron"
    }
  ],
  "coordinate_terms": [
    {
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "contingency"
    },
    {
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "contradiction"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "tautological"
    },
    {
      "word": "tautologically"
    },
    {
      "word": "tautologise"
    },
    {
      "word": "tautologist"
    },
    {
      "word": "tautologous"
    },
    {
      "word": "tautologously"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "tautologia",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin tautologia",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ταὐτολογία"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ταὐτολογία (tautología)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ταὐτός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "the same"
      },
      "expansion": "ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λόγος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "explanation"
      },
      "expansion": "λόγος (lógos, “explanation”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tauto-",
        "3": "-logy"
      },
      "expansion": "tauto- + -logy",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Late Latin tautologia, from Ancient Greek ταὐτολογία (tautología) from ταὐτός (tautós, “the same”) + λόγος (lógos, “explanation”), analyzed as tauto- + -logy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tautologies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "tautology (countable and uncountable, plural tautologies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "pleonasm"
    },
    {
      "word": "redundancy"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It is tautology to say, \"Forward Planning\"."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Redundant",
          "redundant"
        ],
        [
          "pleonasm",
          "pleonasm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The expression \"raze to the ground\" is a tautology, since the word \"raze\" includes the notion \"to the ground\"."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy",
          "text": "Pure mathematics consists of tautologies, analogous to ‘men are men’, but usually more complicated.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An expression that features tautology."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) An expression that features tautology."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Logic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "logic",
          "logic"
        ],
        [
          "propositional logic",
          "propositional logic"
        ],
        [
          "statement",
          "statement"
        ],
        [
          "truth value",
          "truth value"
        ],
        [
          "propositional variable",
          "propositional variable"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "propositional logic",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, logic, propositional logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "logic",
        "mathematics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "en:Logic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "logic",
          "logic"
        ],
        [
          "first-order logic",
          "first-order logic"
        ],
        [
          "Boolean atom",
          "Boolean atom"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "first-order logic",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, logic, first-order logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "logic",
        "mathematics",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɔˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tɔˈtɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɒlədʒi"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "povtorenie",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "word": "повторение"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautoloxía"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Pleonasmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "taftología",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ταυτολογία"
    },
    {
      "alt": "どうごはんぷく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "dōgo hanpuku",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "word": "同語反復"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tōtorojī",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "word": "トートロジー"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pleonazm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "masło maślane"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pleonasmo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "redundância"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pleonasm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tavtológija",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтоло́гия"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ath-bhriathrachas"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zalihost"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "redundancija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautología"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pleonasmo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "redundancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tautologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "word": "pagpapaliguy-ligoy"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "tavtolóhija",
      "sense": "uncountable: redundant use of words",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтоло́гія"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "套套邏輯"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "套套逻辑"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "tàotàoluóji",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "套套逻辑"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "廢話"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "fèihuà",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "废话"
    },
    {
      "code": "zh",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "fèihuà",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "废话"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "toisto"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "lapalissade"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pléonasme"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "truisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "taftología",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ταυτολογία"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "tautológia"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "alt": "どうごはんぷく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "dōgo hanpuku",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "同語反復"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tōtorojī",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "word": "トートロジー"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "tavtologija",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтологија"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "redundância"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pleonasmo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pleonasm"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "redundancia"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pleonasmo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "rhetoric"
      ],
      "word": "tautología"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tautologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "tavtolóhija",
      "sense": "expression that features tautology",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтоло́гія"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Tautologie"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "taftología",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ταυτολογία"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "tautológia"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sísanna"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "alt": "こうしんしき",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kōshin shiki",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "恒真式"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tōtorojī",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "word": "トートロジー"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "tavtologija",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтологија"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautologija"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tautología"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tautologi"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "tavtolóhija",
      "sense": "in logic",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тавтоло́гія"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tautology"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.