"surprised" meaning in All languages combined

See surprised on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /səˈpɹaɪzd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /sɚˈpɹaɪzd/ [General-American], /səˈpɹaɪzd/ (note: General American, by dissimilation) Audio: en-us-surprised.ogg [US] Forms: more surprised [comparative], most surprised [superlative]
Rhymes: -aɪzd Head templates: {{en-adj}} surprised (comparative more surprised, superlative most surprised)
  1. Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event. Synonyms: astonished Derived forms: surprised Pikachu Translations (caused to feel surprise): مُنْدَهِش (mundahiš) (Arabic), здзі́ўлены (zdzíŭljeny) (Belarusian), 驚訝 [Hokkien] (Chinese), 惊讶 (king-gā) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 驚訝 (Chinese Cantonese), 惊讶 (ging¹ ngaa⁵) (Chinese Cantonese), 驚訝 (Chinese Mandarin), 惊讶 (jīngyà) (Chinese Mandarin), překvapený (Czech), overrasket (Danish), verbaasd (Dutch), üllatunud (Estonian), bilsin (Faroese), yllättynyt (Finnish), surpris (French), étonné (French), sorprendido (Galician), überrascht (German), έκπληκτος (ékpliktos) (Greek), चकित (cakit) (Hindi), meglepett (Hungarian), meglepődött (Hungarian), ionadh a bheith ort (english: to be surprised) (Irish), iontas a bheith ort (english: to be surprised) (Irish), sorpreso (Italian), びっくりした (bikkuri-shita) (Japanese), mengapakirut (Kapampangan), mengasdan (Kapampangan), 놀라운 (nollaun) (Korean), terkejut (Malay), overrasket (Norwegian Bokmål), dått (Norwegian Nynorsk), zdziwiony (Polish), zaskoczony (Polish), surpreso (Portuguese), surpreendido (Portuguese), удивлённый (udivljónnyj) (Russian), изумлённый (izumljónnyj) (Russian), prekvapený (Slovak), presenečen [masculine] (Slovene), sorprendido (Spanish), överraskad (Swedish), şaşkın (Turkish), здиво́ваний (zdyvóvanyj) (Ukrainian), ngạc nhiên (Vietnamese), syn (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-surprised-en-adj-cbKBwaJm

Verb [English]

IPA: /səˈpɹaɪzd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /sɚˈpɹaɪzd/ [General-American], /səˈpɹaɪzd/ (note: General American, by dissimilation) Audio: en-us-surprised.ogg [US]
Rhymes: -aɪzd Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} surprised
  1. simple past and past participle of surprise Tags: form-of, participle, past Form of: surprise Related terms: shocked
    Sense id: en-surprised-en-verb-wvyP-8iw Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 76

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for surprised meaning in All languages combined (7.0kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more surprised",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most surprised",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surprised (comparative more surprised, superlative most surprised)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "surprised Pikachu"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event."
      ],
      "id": "en-surprised-en-adj-cbKBwaJm",
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ],
        [
          "amazement",
          "amazement"
        ],
        [
          "wonder",
          "wonder"
        ],
        [
          "unexpected",
          "unexpected"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "astonished"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mundahiš",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "مُنْدَهِش"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zdzíŭljeny",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "здзі́ўлены"
        },
        {
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "驚訝"
        },
        {
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "ging¹ ngaa⁵",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "惊讶"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "驚訝"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "king-gā",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "惊讶"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "驚訝"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jīngyà",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "惊讶"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "překvapený"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "overrasket"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "verbaasd"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "üllatunud"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "bilsin"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "yllättynyt"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "surpris"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "étonné"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "sorprendido"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "überrascht"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ékpliktos",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "έκπληκτος"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "cakit",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "चकित"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "meglepett"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "meglepődött"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "english": "to be surprised",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "ionadh a bheith ort"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "english": "to be surprised",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "iontas a bheith ort"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "sorpreso"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "bikkuri-shita",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "びっくりした"
        },
        {
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "mengapakirut"
        },
        {
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "mengasdan"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "nollaun",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "놀라운"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "terkejut"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "overrasket"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "dått"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "zdziwiony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "zaskoczony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "surpreso"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "surpreendido"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "udivljónnyj",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "удивлённый"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izumljónnyj",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "изумлённый"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "prekvapený"
        },
        {
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "presenečen"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "sorprendido"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "överraskad"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "şaşkın"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zdyvóvanyj",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "здиво́ваний"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "ngạc nhiên"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "syn"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɚˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "note": "General American, by dissimilation"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪzd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surprised.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg/En-us-surprised.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprised"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "surprised",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "surprise"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past and past participle of surprise"
      ],
      "id": "en-surprised-en-verb-wvyP-8iw",
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "shocked"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɚˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "note": "General American, by dissimilation"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪzd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surprised.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg/En-us-surprised.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprised"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verb forms",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪzd"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "surprised Pikachu"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more surprised",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most surprised",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surprised (comparative more surprised, superlative most surprised)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ],
        [
          "amazement",
          "amazement"
        ],
        [
          "wonder",
          "wonder"
        ],
        [
          "unexpected",
          "unexpected"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɚˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "note": "General American, by dissimilation"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪzd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surprised.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg/En-us-surprised.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "astonished"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mundahiš",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "مُنْدَهِش"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zdzíŭljeny",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "здзі́ўлены"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "驚訝"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "ging¹ ngaa⁵",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "惊讶"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "驚訝"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "king-gā",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "惊讶"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "驚訝"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jīngyà",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "惊讶"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "překvapený"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "overrasket"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "verbaasd"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "üllatunud"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "bilsin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "yllättynyt"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "surpris"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "étonné"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "sorprendido"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "überrascht"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ékpliktos",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "έκπληκτος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "cakit",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "चकित"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "meglepett"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "meglepődött"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "english": "to be surprised",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "ionadh a bheith ort"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "english": "to be surprised",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "iontas a bheith ort"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "sorpreso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bikkuri-shita",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "びっくりした"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "mengapakirut"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "mengasdan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "nollaun",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "놀라운"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "terkejut"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "overrasket"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "dått"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "zdziwiony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "zaskoczony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "surpreso"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "surpreendido"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "udivljónnyj",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "удивлённый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izumljónnyj",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "изумлённый"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "prekvapený"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "presenečen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "sorprendido"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "överraskad"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "şaşkın"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zdyvóvanyj",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "здиво́ваний"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "ngạc nhiên"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "syn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprised"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verb forms",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪzd"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "surprised",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "shocked"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "surprise"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past and past participle of surprise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɚˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "note": "General American, by dissimilation"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪzd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surprised.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg/En-us-surprised.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprised"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.