"surprised" meaning in All languages combined

See surprised on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /səˈpɹaɪzd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /sɚˈpɹaɪzd/ [General-American], /səˈpɹaɪzd/ (note: General American, by dissimilation) Audio: en-us-surprised.ogg Forms: more surprised [comparative], most surprised [superlative]
Rhymes: -aɪzd Head templates: {{en-adj}} surprised (comparative more surprised, superlative most surprised)
  1. Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event. Synonyms: astonished Derived forms: surprised Pikachu Translations (caused to feel surprise): مُنْدَهِش (mundahiš) (Arabic), здзі́ўлены (zdzíŭljeny) (Belarusian), 驚訝 [Hokkien] (Chinese), 惊讶 (king-gā) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 驚訝 (Chinese Cantonese), 惊讶 (ging¹ ngaa⁵) (Chinese Cantonese), 驚訝 (Chinese Mandarin), 惊讶 (jīngyà) (Chinese Mandarin), překvapený (Czech), overrasket (Danish), verbaasd (Dutch), üllatunud (Estonian), bilsin (Faroese), yllättynyt (Finnish), surpris (French), étonné (French), sorprendido (Galician), überrascht (German), έκπληκτος (ékpliktos) (Greek), चकित (cakit) (Hindi), meglepett (Hungarian), meglepődött (Hungarian), ionadh a bheith ort (english: to be surprised) (Irish), iontas a bheith ort (english: to be surprised) (Irish), sorpreso (Italian), びっくりした (bikkuri-shita) (Japanese), mengapakirut (Kapampangan), mengasdan (Kapampangan), 놀라운 (nollaun) (Korean), terkejut (Malay), overrasket (Norwegian Bokmål), dått (Norwegian Nynorsk), zdziwiony (Polish), zaskoczony (Polish), surpreso (Portuguese), surpreendido (Portuguese), удивлённый (udivljónnyj) (Russian), изумлённый (izumljónnyj) (Russian), prekvapený (Slovak), presenečen [masculine] (Slovene), sorprendido (Spanish), överraskad (Swedish), şaşkın (Turkish), здиво́ваний (zdyvóvanyj) (Ukrainian), ngạc nhiên (Vietnamese), syn (Welsh)
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Verb [English]

IPA: /səˈpɹaɪzd/ [Received-Pronunciation], /sɚˈpɹaɪzd/ [General-American], /səˈpɹaɪzd/ (note: General American, by dissimilation) Audio: en-us-surprised.ogg
Rhymes: -aɪzd Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} surprised
  1. simple past and past participle of surprise Tags: form-of, participle, past Form of: surprise Related terms: shocked
    Sense id: en-surprised-en-verb-wvyP-8iw

Alternative forms

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    {
      "form": "more surprised",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
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      "form": "most surprised",
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        "superlative"
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      "args": {},
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  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
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      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "surprised Pikachu"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event."
      ],
      "id": "en-surprised-en-adj-cbKBwaJm",
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ],
        [
          "amazement",
          "amazement"
        ],
        [
          "wonder",
          "wonder"
        ],
        [
          "unexpected",
          "unexpected"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "astonished"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mundahiš",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "مُنْدَهِش"
        },
        {
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zdzíŭljeny",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "здзі́ўлены"
        },
        {
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "驚訝"
        },
        {
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "ging¹ ngaa⁵",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "惊讶"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "驚訝"
        },
        {
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "king-gā",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "惊讶"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "驚訝"
        },
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jīngyà",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "惊讶"
        },
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "překvapený"
        },
        {
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "overrasket"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "verbaasd"
        },
        {
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "üllatunud"
        },
        {
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "bilsin"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "yllättynyt"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "surpris"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "étonné"
        },
        {
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "sorprendido"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "überrascht"
        },
        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ékpliktos",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "έκπληκτος"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "cakit",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "चकित"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "meglepett"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "meglepődött"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "english": "to be surprised",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "ionadh a bheith ort"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "english": "to be surprised",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "iontas a bheith ort"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "sorpreso"
        },
        {
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "bikkuri-shita",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "びっくりした"
        },
        {
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "mengapakirut"
        },
        {
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "mengasdan"
        },
        {
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "nollaun",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "놀라운"
        },
        {
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "terkejut"
        },
        {
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "overrasket"
        },
        {
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "dått"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "zdziwiony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "zaskoczony"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "surpreso"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "surpreendido"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "udivljónnyj",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "удивлённый"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "izumljónnyj",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "изумлённый"
        },
        {
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "prekvapený"
        },
        {
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "presenečen"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "sorprendido"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "överraskad"
        },
        {
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "şaşkın"
        },
        {
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zdyvóvanyj",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "здиво́ваний"
        },
        {
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "ngạc nhiên"
        },
        {
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
          "word": "syn"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɚˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "note": "General American, by dissimilation"
    },
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪzd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprised"
}

{
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        "2": "verb form"
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      "expansion": "surprised",
      "name": "head"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "surprise"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past and past participle of surprise"
      ],
      "id": "en-surprised-en-verb-wvyP-8iw",
      "links": [
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          "surprise#English"
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      "related": [
        {
          "word": "shocked"
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      "tags": [
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    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪzd",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪzd/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hokkien translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "surprised Pikachu"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more surprised",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most surprised",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "surprised (comparative more surprised, superlative most surprised)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise"
        ],
        [
          "amazement",
          "amazement"
        ],
        [
          "wonder",
          "wonder"
        ],
        [
          "unexpected",
          "unexpected"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɚˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "note": "General American, by dissimilation"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surprised.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg/En-us-surprised.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪzd"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "astonished"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mundahiš",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "مُنْدَهِش"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zdzíŭljeny",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "здзі́ўлены"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "驚訝"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "ging¹ ngaa⁵",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "惊讶"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "驚訝"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "king-gā",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "惊讶"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "驚訝"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jīngyà",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "惊讶"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "překvapený"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "overrasket"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "verbaasd"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "üllatunud"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "bilsin"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "yllättynyt"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "surpris"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "étonné"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "sorprendido"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "überrascht"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ékpliktos",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "έκπληκτος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "cakit",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "चकित"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "meglepett"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "meglepődött"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "english": "to be surprised",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "ionadh a bheith ort"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "english": "to be surprised",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "iontas a bheith ort"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "sorpreso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bikkuri-shita",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "びっくりした"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "mengapakirut"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "mengasdan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "nollaun",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "놀라운"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "terkejut"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "overrasket"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "dått"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "zdziwiony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "zaskoczony"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "surpreso"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "surpreendido"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "udivljónnyj",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "удивлённый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "izumljónnyj",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "изумлённый"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "prekvapený"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "presenečen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "sorprendido"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "överraskad"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "şaşkın"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zdyvóvanyj",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "здиво́ваний"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "ngạc nhiên"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "caused to feel surprise",
      "word": "syn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprised"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English verb forms",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪzd",
    "Rhymes:English/aɪzd/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hokkien translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "surprised",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "shocked"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "surprise"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past and past participle of surprise"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "surprise",
          "surprise#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɚˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/səˈpɹaɪzd/",
      "note": "General American, by dissimilation"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-surprised.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg/En-us-surprised.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/En-us-surprised.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-aɪzd"
    }
  ],
  "word": "surprised"
}

Download raw JSONL data for surprised meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.