See subterfuge on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for subterfuge meaning in All languages combined (11.8kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-teros",
"4": "*bʰewg- (flee)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "subterfuge"
},
"expansion": "Middle French subterfuge",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "subterfugium"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin subterfugium",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "subterfugiō",
"4": "",
"5": "I flee secretly"
},
"expansion": "Latin subterfugiō (“I flee secretly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "subter",
"3": "",
"4": "under"
},
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fugiō",
"3": "",
"4": "I flee"
},
"expansion": "fugiō (“I flee”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French subterfuge, from Medieval Latin subterfugium, from Latin subterfugiō (“I flee secretly”), from subter (“under”) and fugiō (“I flee”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "subterfuges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"1": "~"
},
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Diplomacy",
"orig": "en:Diplomacy",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Overt subterfuge in a region nearly caused a minor accident.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Clare Vanderpool, Moon Over Manifest, →OCLC",
"text": "How’s the spy hunt going? Uncovered any subterfuge?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March 30, William E. Carter with Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-02-20, page 87",
"text": "But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt to shift attention away from the realities of their life at sea.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; a blind. Refers especially to war and diplomatics."
],
"id": "en-subterfuge-en-noun-bUDTgkHH",
"links": [
[
"indirect",
"indirect"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
],
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
],
[
"blind",
"blind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) An indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; a blind. Refers especially to war and diplomatics."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uvǎrtane",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "увъртане"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hitruvane",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "хитруване"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truc"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "ansa"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Täuschung"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Trick"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "téchnasma",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τέχνασμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypekfygí",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "υπεκφυγή"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "fortély"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "csel"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "trükk"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calumnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mŕdanje",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мр́дање"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "nuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ulóvka",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уло́вка"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uxiščrénije",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ухищре́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vrdanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "izvrdavanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obmana"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vyvert",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "виверт"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vykrut",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "викрут"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 July 26, Christian Wolmar, “Closing ticket offices to lead to 'catch-22' for passengers”, in RAIL, number 988, page 42",
"text": "I have been critical of the RDG in the past for merely being a cypher for government announcements, but the failure of its members to make a stand on this issue and not be complicit in the Government's subterfuge is a shocking indictment of their failure to protect the industry.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deception; misrepresentation of the true nature of an activity."
],
"id": "en-subterfuge-en-noun-IDv11ZI4",
"links": [
[
"Deception",
"deception"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Deception; misrepresentation of the true nature of an activity."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "misleiding"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "artifiko"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "harha"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "harhautuminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Täuschung"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "megtévesztés"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízmama",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "и́змама"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmán",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обма́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "izvrdavanje"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obmana"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "obman",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "обман"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbtəɹˌfjuːd͡ʒ/"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/En-us-subterfuge.ogg/En-us-subterfuge.ogg.mp3",
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/En-au-subterfuge.ogg/En-au-subterfuge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/En-au-subterfuge.ogg",
"tags": [
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"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin subterfugium",
"name": "bor"
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{
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"4": "to flee"
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin subterfugium, from Latin subterfugiō (“to flee secretly”), from subter (“under”) and fugio (“to flee”).",
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{
"form": "subterfuges",
"tags": [
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}
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"lang_code": "fr",
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{
"word": "stratagème"
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"tags": [
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"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/syp.tɛʁ.fyʒ/"
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{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav.mp3",
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"lang_code": "la",
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"form_of": [
{
"word": "subterfugiō"
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],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of subterfugiō"
],
"id": "en-subterfuge-la-verb-ThEVMWui",
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"subterfugiō",
"subterfugio#Latin"
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],
"word": "subterfuge"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
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"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *-teros",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewg- (flee)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Diplomacy",
"en:Military"
],
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{
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"name": "der"
},
{
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{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "I flee"
},
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "subterfuges",
"tags": [
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]
}
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{
"text": "Overt subterfuge in a region nearly caused a minor accident.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Clare Vanderpool, Moon Over Manifest, →OCLC",
"text": "How’s the spy hunt going? Uncovered any subterfuge?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March 30, William E. Carter with Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-02-20, page 87",
"text": "But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt to shift attention away from the realities of their life at sea.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"An indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; a blind. Refers especially to war and diplomatics."
],
"links": [
[
"indirect",
"indirect"
],
[
"deceptive",
"deceptive"
],
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],
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],
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]
],
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"(countable) An indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; a blind. Refers especially to war and diplomatics."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
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"English uncountable nouns"
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"ref": "2023 July 26, Christian Wolmar, “Closing ticket offices to lead to 'catch-22' for passengers”, in RAIL, number 988, page 42",
"text": "I have been critical of the RDG in the past for merely being a cypher for government announcements, but the failure of its members to make a stand on this issue and not be complicit in the Government's subterfuge is a shocking indictment of their failure to protect the industry.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deception; misrepresentation of the true nature of an activity."
],
"links": [
[
"Deception",
"deception"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Deception; misrepresentation of the true nature of an activity."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsʌbtəɹˌfjuːd͡ʒ/"
},
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"audio": "en-us-subterfuge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/En-us-subterfuge.ogg/En-us-subterfuge.ogg.mp3",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/En-au-subterfuge.ogg",
"tags": [
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "uvǎrtane",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "увъртане"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hitruvane",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "хитруване"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truc"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "ansa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Täuschung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Trick"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "téchnasma",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "τέχνασμα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypekfygí",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "υπεκφυγή"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "fortély"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "csel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "trükk"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calumnia"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mŕdanje",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мр́дање"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "nuka"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ulóvka",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уло́вка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uxiščrénije",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ухищре́ние"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vrdanje"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "izvrdavanje"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obmana"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vyvert",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "виверт"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vykrut",
"sense": "indirect or deceptive device or stratagem; blind",
"word": "викрут"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "misleiding"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "artifiko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "harha"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "harhautuminen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Täuschung"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "megtévesztés"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízmama",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "и́змама"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmán",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обма́н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "izvrdavanje"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obmana"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "obman",
"sense": "deception",
"word": "обман"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"subterfuge"
],
"word": "subterfuge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "subterfugium",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin subterfugium",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "subterfugium"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin subterfugium",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "subterfugiō",
"4": "",
"5": "to flee secretly"
},
"expansion": "Latin subterfugiō (“to flee secretly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "subter",
"3": "",
"4": "under"
},
"expansion": "subter (“under”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fugio",
"3": "",
"4": "to flee"
},
"expansion": "fugio (“to flee”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin subterfugium, from Latin subterfugiō (“to flee secretly”), from subter (“under”) and fugio (“to flee”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "subterfuges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "subterfuge m (plural subterfuges)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"subterfuge"
],
"links": [
[
"subterfuge",
"subterfuge#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stratagème"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/syp.tɛʁ.fyʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-subterfuge.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "subterfuge"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "subterfuge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "subterfugiō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present active imperative of subterfugiō"
],
"links": [
[
"subterfugiō",
"subterfugio#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"active",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "subterfuge"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: French: subterfuge (fr) m (1)",
"path": [
"subterfuge"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "subterfuge",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.