See stun on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stun meaning in All languages combined (24.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stunien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stunien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stonien"
},
"expansion": "stonien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stounien"
},
"expansion": "stounien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stunjaną",
"t": "to sound, crash, bang, groan"
},
"expansion": "*stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną",
"t": "to moan, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)tona-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)tenh₂-",
"3": "*(s)tena-",
"t": "to thunder, roar, groan"
},
"expansion": "*(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thunder"
},
"expansion": "thunder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stonen",
"t": "to groan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stunen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunden",
"t": "to drive, push, knock, strike"
},
"expansion": "stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стена́ть",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estoner"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoner",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "astonish"
},
"expansion": "English astonish",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stunien, stonien, stounien, from Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn, from Proto-Germanic *stunōną, *stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), from Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-, *(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”) (compare thunder). Cognate with Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”), Middle High German stunen, stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”), Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”). Related also to Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”). See also Occitan estonar, Old French estoner, English astonish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stun (third-person singular simple present stuns, present participle stunning, simple past and past participle stunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bill tried to stun the snake by striking it on the head."
},
{
"text": "In many European countries cattle have to be stunned before slaughtering."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-LveSY8rP",
"links": [
[
"incapacitate",
"incapacitate"
],
[
"disorientation",
"disorientation"
],
[
"unconsciousness",
"unconsciousness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetjavam",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зашеметявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetja",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зашеметя"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "entebenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "把...打暈"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎ ... dǎyūn",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "把...打晕"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčit"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ochromit"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "verdoven"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svenbati"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tyrmätä"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tainnuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "betäuben"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stordire"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "intontire"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"alt": "きぜつさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kizetsu saseru",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "気絶させる"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "assommer"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svimeslå"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamslå"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamme"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordoar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oglušátʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оглуша́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oglušítʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оглуши́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atontar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "bedöva"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 2 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The celebrity was stunned to find herself confronted with unfounded allegiations on the front page of a newspaper."
},
{
"text": "He stood there stunned, looking at the beautiful, breath-taking sunrise."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shock or surprise."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-n3uRW3ej",
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shock or surprise."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šokiram",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "шокирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "使震驚"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǐ zhènjīng",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "使震惊"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verbluffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "ällistyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "époustoufler"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verblüffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "incantare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"alt": "ぼうぜんとさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bōzen to saseru",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "呆然とさせる"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "attonō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "assombrar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ošelomljátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ошеломля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ošelomítʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ошеломи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potrjasátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "потряса́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potrjastí",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потрясти́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaraziť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "adarvar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "förstumma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "chockera"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "överraska"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 97 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Billiards",
"orig": "en:Billiards",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Snooker",
"orig": "en:Snooker",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 26 13 32 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"id": "en-stun-en-verb-MO5FsDtS",
"links": [
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
],
[
"object ball",
"object ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(snooker, billiards) To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "on stun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stun grenade"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stun gun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stunien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stunien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stonien"
},
"expansion": "stonien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stounien"
},
"expansion": "stounien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stunjaną",
"t": "to sound, crash, bang, groan"
},
"expansion": "*stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną",
"t": "to moan, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)tona-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)tenh₂-",
"3": "*(s)tena-",
"t": "to thunder, roar, groan"
},
"expansion": "*(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thunder"
},
"expansion": "thunder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stonen",
"t": "to groan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stunen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunden",
"t": "to drive, push, knock, strike"
},
"expansion": "stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стена́ть",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estoner"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoner",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "astonish"
},
"expansion": "English astonish",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stunien, stonien, stounien, from Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn, from Proto-Germanic *stunōną, *stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), from Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-, *(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”) (compare thunder). Cognate with Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”), Middle High German stunen, stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”), Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”). Related also to Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”). See also Occitan estonar, Old French estoner, English astonish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stun (countable and uncountable, plural stuns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The condition of being stunned."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-LPdq5xHZ",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 1 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetjavane",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зашеметяване"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezsǎznanie",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безсъзнание"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ošelomlénije",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ошеломле́ние"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That which stuns; a shock; a stupefying blow."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-VMYSJ1b-",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 90 4 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šok",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шок"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 90 4 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetjavašt udar",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зашеметяващ удар"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Newfoundland English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 26 13 32 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-Gr1a4tym",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Newfoundland) A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"tags": [
"Newfoundland",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Billiards",
"orig": "en:Billiards",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Snooker",
"orig": "en:Snooker",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 26 13 32 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Williams will need a lot of stun to avoid going in the middle pocket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-QUfhC-ks",
"links": [
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(billiards, snooker, pool) The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"pool",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Science fiction",
"orig": "en:Science fiction",
"parents": [
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 26 13 32 1 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966 September 8, George Clayton Johnson, The Man Trap (Star Trek), season 1, episode 1",
"text": "Captain James Kirk: \"Set your phaser on one quarter. I'll leave mine on stun.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"id": "en-stun-en-noun-YaZVJSx2",
"links": [
[
"science fiction",
"science fiction"
],
[
"low-range",
"low-range"
],
[
"setting",
"setting"
],
[
"energy weapon",
"energy weapon"
],
[
"target",
"target"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"kill",
"kill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(science fiction, uncountable) A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"science-fiction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stunien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stunien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stonien"
},
"expansion": "stonien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stounien"
},
"expansion": "stounien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stunjaną",
"t": "to sound, crash, bang, groan"
},
"expansion": "*stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną",
"t": "to moan, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)tona-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)tenh₂-",
"3": "*(s)tena-",
"t": "to thunder, roar, groan"
},
"expansion": "*(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thunder"
},
"expansion": "thunder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stonen",
"t": "to groan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stunen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunden",
"t": "to drive, push, knock, strike"
},
"expansion": "stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стена́ть",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estoner"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoner",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "astonish"
},
"expansion": "English astonish",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stunien, stonien, stounien, from Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn, from Proto-Germanic *stunōną, *stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), from Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-, *(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”) (compare thunder). Cognate with Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”), Middle High German stunen, stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”), Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”). Related also to Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”). See also Occitan estonar, Old French estoner, English astonish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stun (third-person singular simple present stuns, present participle stunning, simple past and past participle stunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Bill tried to stun the snake by striking it on the head."
},
{
"text": "In many European countries cattle have to be stunned before slaughtering."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"links": [
[
"incapacitate",
"incapacitate"
],
[
"disorientation",
"disorientation"
],
[
"unconsciousness",
"unconsciousness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The celebrity was stunned to find herself confronted with unfounded allegiations on the front page of a newspaper."
},
{
"text": "He stood there stunned, looking at the beautiful, breath-taking sunrise."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shock or surprise."
],
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shock or surprise."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Billiards",
"en:Snooker"
],
"glosses": [
"To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"links": [
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
],
[
"object ball",
"object ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(snooker, billiards) To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetjavam",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зашеметявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetja",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зашеметя"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordir"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "entebenar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "把...打暈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bǎ ... dǎyūn",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "把...打晕"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ochromit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "verdoven"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svenbati"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tyrmätä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "tainnuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "betäuben"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stordire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "intontire"
},
{
"alt": "きぜつさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kizetsu saseru",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "気絶させる"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "assommer"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "svimeslå"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamslå"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "lamme"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atordoar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oglušátʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оглуша́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oglušítʹ",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оглуши́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "omráčiť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "atontar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"word": "bedöva"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to incapacitate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šokiram",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "шокирам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "使震驚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shǐ zhènjīng",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "使震惊"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verbluffen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "ällistyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étourdir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "étonner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "époustoufler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "verblüffen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "incantare"
},
{
"alt": "ぼうぜんとさせる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bōzen to saseru",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "呆然とさせる"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "stupefaciō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "attonō"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "assombrar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ošelomljátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ошеломля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ošelomítʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ошеломи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potrjasátʹ",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "потряса́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "potrjastí",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "потрясти́"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaraziť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "zaskočiť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "aturdir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "adarvar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "förstumma"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "chockera"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"word": "överraska"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšuvaty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pryholómšyty",
"sense": "to shock or surprise",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приголо́мшити"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "on stun"
},
{
"word": "stun grenade"
},
{
"word": "stun gun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stunien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stunien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stonien"
},
"expansion": "stonien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stounien"
},
"expansion": "stounien",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stunian",
"t": "to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy"
},
"expansion": "Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stunōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stunōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stunjaną",
"t": "to sound, crash, bang, groan"
},
"expansion": "*stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stenaną",
"t": "to moan, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)tona-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)tenh₂-",
"3": "*(s)tena-",
"t": "to thunder, roar, groan"
},
"expansion": "*(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thunder"
},
"expansion": "thunder",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "stonen",
"t": "to groan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stunen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunden",
"t": "to drive, push, knock, strike"
},
"expansion": "stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stöna",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stynja",
"t": "to moan"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic stynja (“to moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "steunen",
"t": "to groan; support"
},
"expansion": "Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stöhnen",
"t": "to groan, moan"
},
"expansion": "German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "staunen",
"t": "to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at"
},
"expansion": "German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стонать"
},
"expansion": "Russian стонать (stonatʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стена́ть",
"t": "to moan, groan"
},
"expansion": "стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "estonar"
},
"expansion": "Occitan estonar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "estoner"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoner",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "astonish"
},
"expansion": "English astonish",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stunien, stonien, stounien, from Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), from Proto-West Germanic *stunōn, from Proto-Germanic *stunōną, *stunjaną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), from Proto-Germanic *stenaną (“to moan, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-, *(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”) (compare thunder). Cognate with Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”), Middle High German stunen, stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”), Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”). Related also to Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), Russian стонать (stonatʹ), стена́ть (stenátʹ, “to moan, groan”). See also Occitan estonar, Old French estoner, English astonish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stuns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stun (countable and uncountable, plural stuns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The condition of being stunned."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That which stuns; a shock; a stupefying blow."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Newfoundland English"
],
"glosses": [
"A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Newfoundland) A person who lacks intelligence."
],
"tags": [
"Newfoundland",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Billiards",
"en:Snooker"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Williams will need a lot of stun to avoid going in the middle pocket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"links": [
[
"billiards",
"billiards"
],
[
"snooker",
"snooker#Noun"
],
[
"cue ball",
"cue ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(billiards, snooker, pool) The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"billiards",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"pool",
"snooker",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Science fiction"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966 September 8, George Clayton Johnson, The Man Trap (Star Trek), season 1, episode 1",
"text": "Captain James Kirk: \"Set your phaser on one quarter. I'll leave mine on stun.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"links": [
[
"science fiction",
"science fiction"
],
[
"low-range",
"low-range"
],
[
"setting",
"setting"
],
[
"energy weapon",
"energy weapon"
],
[
"target",
"target"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"kill",
"kill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(science fiction, uncountable) A low-range setting for an energy weapon that will stun its target but not injure or kill it."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"science-fiction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stun.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stun.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetjavane",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "зашеметяване"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bezsǎznanie",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "безсъзнание"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ošelomlénije",
"sense": "the condition of being stunned",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ошеломле́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šok",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шок"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zašemetjavašt udar",
"sense": "That which stuns",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зашеметяващ удар"
}
],
"word": "stun"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.