See stum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stum meaning in All languages combined (15.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 20 3 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 23 5 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales\nLet our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine."
},
{
"ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medal",
"text": "And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-noun-I71-xjLD",
"links": [
[
"Unfermented",
"unfermented"
],
[
"grape",
"grape"
],
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štira",
"sense": "Unfermented grape juice.",
"word": "щира"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 54 2 20 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grapevines",
"orig": "en:Grapevines",
"parents": [
"Grape family plants",
"Wine",
"Plants",
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Lifeforms",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Human behaviour",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Chemistry",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1664, Samuel Butler, Hudibras; with notes by T. R. Nash, volume 1, published 1835, Part II, Canto 1, page 265",
"text": "Drink ev'ry letter on't in stum,\nAnd make it brisk champaign become.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, The family manual and servants' guide, 9th edition",
"text": "To each hogshead of genuine Bordeaux wine, there are four gallons of Benicarlo, half a gallon of stum wine, and a small quantity of Hermitage added, which mixture undergoes a slight fermentation, and is then exported under the name of claret.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1987, André Bustanoby, The Wrath of Grapes: Drinking and the Church Divided, page 36",
"text": "But stum wine was not intended for drinking.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-noun-4~6i8UTV",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stum (third-person singular simple present stums, present participle stumming, simple past and past participle stummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To ferment."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-verb-JKdc8eN0",
"links": [
[
"ferment",
"ferment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To ferment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1696, John Floyer, The praeternatural State of animal Hurnours described by their sensible Qualities",
"text": "We stum our crude wines […]to renew their spirits.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-verb-7zilxFMx",
"links": [
[
"renew",
"renew"
],
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"fermentation",
"fermentation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1789, “Cultivation of the Vine”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1",
"text": "Since I have taken this method with cyder, it has proved more like wine than common drink, but then I racked it off a second and a third time, as soon as it appeared fine, and then stummed the cask that received it the lasttime […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-verb-bzpsCmEa",
"links": [
[
"fume",
"fume"
],
[
"cask",
"cask"
],
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"sulphur",
"sulphur"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "neuter",
"4": "stumt",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "stumme",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "t",
"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute, not possessing the ability of speech"
],
"id": "en-stum-da-adj-9S1CThHJ",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotion"
],
"id": "en-stum-da-adj-CcYUi7Nm",
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They did not see my silent plea.",
"text": "De så ikke min stumme bøn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not involving speech"
],
"id": "en-stum-da-adj-XZtUir39"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stumt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n## second-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-stum-lv-verb-LzES5OkR",
"links": [
[
"stumt",
"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stumt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n## second-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-stum-lv-verb-dqiOc5aY",
"links": [
[
"stumt",
"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German stum",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Danish stum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German stum. Compare to Swedish stum and Danish stum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "stummast",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "stummaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "stumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "stumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "stummare",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter singular stumt, definite singular and plural stumme, comparative stummare, indefinite superlative stummast, definite superlative stummaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"quiet, silent (also about pronunciation of letters)"
],
"id": "en-stum-nn-adj-dcYo37XI",
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"speechless, mute (also about people)"
],
"id": "en-stum-nn-adj-p037mULs",
"links": [
[
"speechless",
"speechless"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stumː/"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stumfilm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "stumber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish stumber",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish stumber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "not comparable",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-re",
"7": "",
"8": "-st",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stumhet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute (unable to speak)"
],
"id": "en-stum-sv-adj-duP4Qvwh",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "non-stretch fabric",
"text": "stumt tyg",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid (not flexing or stretching)"
],
"id": "en-stum-sv-adj-SDAAt2Js",
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɵm/"
},
{
"audio": "Sv-stum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg/Sv-stum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish adjectives",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "neuter",
"4": "stumt",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "stumme",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "t",
"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mute, not possessing the ability of speech"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotion"
],
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Danish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They did not see my silent plea.",
"text": "De så ikke min stumme bøn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not involving speech"
]
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Grapevines"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales\nLet our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine."
},
{
"ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medal",
"text": "And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"links": [
[
"Unfermented",
"unfermented"
],
[
"grape",
"grape"
],
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1664, Samuel Butler, Hudibras; with notes by T. R. Nash, volume 1, published 1835, Part II, Canto 1, page 265",
"text": "Drink ev'ry letter on't in stum,\nAnd make it brisk champaign become.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1859, The family manual and servants' guide, 9th edition",
"text": "To each hogshead of genuine Bordeaux wine, there are four gallons of Benicarlo, half a gallon of stum wine, and a small quantity of Hermitage added, which mixture undergoes a slight fermentation, and is then exported under the name of claret.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1987, André Bustanoby, The Wrath of Grapes: Drinking and the Church Divided, page 36",
"text": "But stum wine was not intended for drinking.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štira",
"sense": "Unfermented grape juice.",
"word": "щира"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Grapevines"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stum (third-person singular simple present stums, present participle stumming, simple past and past participle stummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To ferment."
],
"links": [
[
"ferment",
"ferment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To ferment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1696, John Floyer, The praeternatural State of animal Hurnours described by their sensible Qualities",
"text": "We stum our crude wines […]to renew their spirits.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"links": [
[
"renew",
"renew"
],
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"fermentation",
"fermentation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1789, “Cultivation of the Vine”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1",
"text": "Since I have taken this method with cyder, it has proved more like wine than common drink, but then I racked it off a second and a third time, as soon as it appeared fine, and then stummed the cask that received it the lasttime […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"links": [
[
"fume",
"fume"
],
[
"cask",
"cask"
],
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"sulphur",
"sulphur"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stumt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n## second-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"stumt",
"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stumt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n## second-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"stumt",
"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German stum",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Danish stum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German stum. Compare to Swedish stum and Danish stum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "stummast",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "stummaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "stumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "stumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "stummare",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter singular stumt, definite singular and plural stumme, comparative stummare, indefinite superlative stummast, definite superlative stummaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"quiet, silent (also about pronunciation of letters)"
],
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"speechless, mute (also about people)"
],
"links": [
[
"speechless",
"speechless"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stumː/"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Swedish terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stumfilm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "stumber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish stumber",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish stumber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "not comparable",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-re",
"7": "",
"8": "-st",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "stumhet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mute (unable to speak)"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "non-stretch fabric",
"text": "stumt tyg",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid (not flexing or stretching)"
],
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɵm/"
},
{
"audio": "Sv-stum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg/Sv-stum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.