See stum on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales\nLet our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine."
},
{
"ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medal:",
"text": "And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-noun-I71-xjLD",
"links": [
[
"Unfermented",
"unfermented"
],
[
"grape",
"grape"
],
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štira",
"sense": "Unfermented grape juice.",
"word": "щира"
}
]
},
{
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"_dis": "5 55 8 13 18",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
"_dis": "10 50 10 16 14",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 66 2 22 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grapevines",
"orig": "en:Grapevines",
"parents": [
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"Wine",
"Plants",
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Lifeforms",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
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"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Human behaviour",
"Matter",
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"Chemistry",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1664, Samuel Butler, Hudibras; with notes by T. R. Nash, volume 1, published 1835, Part II, Canto 1, page 265:",
"text": "Drink ev'ry letter on't in stum,\nAnd make it brisk champaign become.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1859, The family manual and servants' guide, 9th edition:",
"text": "To each hogshead of genuine Bordeaux wine, there are four gallons of Benicarlo, half a gallon of stum wine, and a small quantity of Hermitage added, which mixture undergoes a slight fermentation, and is then exported under the name of claret.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1987, André Bustanoby, The Wrath of Grapes: Drinking and the Church Divided, →ISBN, page 36:",
"text": "But stum wine was not intended for drinking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-noun-4~6i8UTV",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "stum (third-person singular simple present stums, present participle stumming, simple past and past participle stummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To ferment."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-verb-JKdc8eN0",
"links": [
[
"ferment",
"ferment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To ferment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1696, John Floyer, The praeternatural State of animal Hurnours described by their sensible Qualities:",
"text": "We stum our crude wines […]to renew their spirits.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-verb-7zilxFMx",
"links": [
[
"renew",
"renew"
],
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"fermentation",
"fermentation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1789, “Cultivation of the Vine”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1:",
"text": "Since I have taken this method with cyder, it has proved more like wine than common drink, but then I racked it off a second and a third time, as soon as it appeared fine, and then stummed the cask that received it the lasttime […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"id": "en-stum-en-verb-bzpsCmEa",
"links": [
[
"fume",
"fume"
],
[
"cask",
"cask"
],
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"sulphur",
"sulphur"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
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]
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"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
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"4": "stumt",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
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"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
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"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)",
"name": "head"
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"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
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"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
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],
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{
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],
"id": "en-stum-da-adj-CcYUi7Nm",
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],
[
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"emotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They did not see my silent plea.",
"text": "De så ikke min stumme bøn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not involving speech"
],
"id": "en-stum-da-adj-XZtUir39"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
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"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 2 11 3 18 3 2 3 35 5 1 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 1 12 2 16 2 1 2 43 4 1 2 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"word": "stumt"
}
],
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"inflection of stumt:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-stum-lv-verb-1vtyb-cs",
"links": [
[
"stumt",
"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
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"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
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{
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{
"word": "stumt"
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"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-stum-lv-verb-ZlONjgUv",
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[
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"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
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"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
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"3": "stum"
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
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"2": "stum"
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"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Danish stum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German stum. Compare to Swedish stum and Danish stum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
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{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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]
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"4": "stumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "stumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "stummare",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"quiet, silent (also about pronunciation of letters)"
],
"id": "en-stum-nn-adj-dcYo37XI",
"links": [
[
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"quiet"
],
[
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"silent"
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},
{
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],
"id": "en-stum-nn-adj-p037mULs",
"links": [
[
"speechless",
"speechless"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stumː/"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stumfilm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "stumber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish stumber",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish stumber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stum sv:sv-adj",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumt",
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"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
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"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
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"source": "declension",
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"indefinite",
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]
},
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"form": "stumme",
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},
{
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"definite",
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"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
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"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
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"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
}
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"2": "adjective",
"3": "not comparable",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-re",
"7": "",
"8": "-st",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)\nsv:sv-adj",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
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"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stumhet"
}
],
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{
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{
"_dis": "69 31",
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"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mute (unable to speak)"
],
"id": "en-stum-sv-adj-duP4Qvwh",
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "non-stretch fabric",
"text": "stumt tyg",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid (not flexing or stretching)"
],
"id": "en-stum-sv-adj-SDAAt2Js",
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/stɵm/"
},
{
"audio": "Sv-stum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg/Sv-stum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg"
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],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
}
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"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "neuter",
"4": "stumt",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "stumme",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "t",
"2": "e",
"dc": "1"
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)",
"name": "da-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mute, not possessing the ability of speech"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotion"
],
"links": [
[
"speak",
"speak"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Danish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They did not see my silent plea.",
"text": "De så ikke min stumme bøn.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"not involving speech"
]
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"en:Grapevines"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales\nLet our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine."
},
{
"ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medal:",
"text": "And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"links": [
[
"Unfermented",
"unfermented"
],
[
"grape",
"grape"
],
[
"juice",
"juice"
],
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Unfermented grape juice; must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1664, Samuel Butler, Hudibras; with notes by T. R. Nash, volume 1, published 1835, Part II, Canto 1, page 265:",
"text": "Drink ev'ry letter on't in stum,\nAnd make it brisk champaign become.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1859, The family manual and servants' guide, 9th edition:",
"text": "To each hogshead of genuine Bordeaux wine, there are four gallons of Benicarlo, half a gallon of stum wine, and a small quantity of Hermitage added, which mixture undergoes a slight fermentation, and is then exported under the name of claret.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1987, André Bustanoby, The Wrath of Grapes: Drinking and the Church Divided, →ISBN, page 36:",
"text": "But stum wine was not intended for drinking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "štira",
"sense": "Unfermented grape juice.",
"word": "щира"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"en:Grapevines"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "stom",
"lit": "mute; dull",
"t": "unfermented"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vin muet"
},
"expansion": "French vin muet",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stummer Wein"
},
"expansion": "German stummer Wein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shtum"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of shtum",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stummed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stum (third-person singular simple present stums, present participle stumming, simple past and past participle stummed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To ferment."
],
"links": [
[
"ferment",
"ferment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To ferment."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1696, John Floyer, The praeternatural State of animal Hurnours described by their sensible Qualities:",
"text": "We stum our crude wines […]to renew their spirits.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"links": [
[
"renew",
"renew"
],
[
"must",
"must"
],
[
"fermentation",
"fermentation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1789, “Cultivation of the Vine”, in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume 1:",
"text": "Since I have taken this method with cyder, it has proved more like wine than common drink, but then I racked it off a second and a third time, as soon as it appeared fine, and then stummed the cask that received it the lasttime […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"links": [
[
"fume",
"fume"
],
[
"cask",
"cask"
],
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"sulphur",
"sulphur"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/70/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stum.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian verb forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stumt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"stumt",
"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stumt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stumt:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"stumt",
"stumt#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle Low German stum",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stum",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stum"
},
"expansion": "Danish stum",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle Low German stum. Compare to Swedish stum and Danish stum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stumt",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"10": "stummast",
"11": "definite superlative",
"12": "stummaste",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "neuter singular",
"4": "stumt",
"5": "definite singular and plural",
"6": "stumme",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "stummare",
"9": "indefinite superlative"
},
"expansion": "stum (neuter singular stumt, definite singular and plural stumme, comparative stummare, indefinite superlative stummast, definite superlative stummaste)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"quiet, silent (also about pronunciation of letters)"
],
"links": [
[
"quiet",
"quiet"
],
[
"silent",
"silent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"speechless, mute (also about people)"
],
"links": [
[
"speechless",
"speechless"
],
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stumː/"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stumfilm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "stumber"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish stumber",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish stumber.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stum sv:sv-adj",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stummast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "stummare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "stummaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "not comparable",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-re",
"7": "",
"8": "-st",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "stum (not comparable)\nsv:sv-adj",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "stumhet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mute (unable to speak)"
],
"links": [
[
"mute",
"mute"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "non-stretch fabric",
"text": "stumt tyg",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid (not flexing or stretching)"
],
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stɵm/"
},
{
"audio": "Sv-stum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg/Sv-stum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Sv-stum.ogg"
}
],
"word": "stum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stum meaning in All languages combined (14.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'stum sv:sv-adj' in 'stum (not comparable) sv:sv-adj'",
"path": [
"stum"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'common singular'",
"path": [
"stum"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'all'",
"path": [
"stum"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "stum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.