See stumt on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prefixed verbs:"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "aizstumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "atstumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "iestumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "izstumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nostumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pastumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pārstumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sastumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uzstumt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stumties"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push; to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stem- (“to push; to stutter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stemma",
"3": "",
"4": "to press, to hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stemma (“to press, to hinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stemmen",
"3": "",
"4": "to halt; to make stiff"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stemmen (“to halt; to make stiff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stemmen",
"3": "",
"4": "to lift, to press, to hinder"
},
"expansion": "German stemmen (“to lift, to press, to hinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tew-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stōzan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stōzan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stoßen",
"3": "",
"4": "to push, to shove"
},
"expansion": "German stoßen (“to push, to shove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "за́стум",
"3": "",
"4": "remote area"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian за́стум (zástum, “remote area”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stùmti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stùmti",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are different theories about this word. Some derive it from Proto-Baltic *stum-, from the zero grade *stm̥- of Proto-Indo-European *stem- (“to push; to stutter”), whence also Old Norse stemma (“to press, to hinder”), Middle High German stemmen (“to halt; to make stiff”), German stemmen (“to lift, to press, to hinder”); but note that the “push” meaning is attested only in Baltic languages. Others claim that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *tew-, *tu-, *stew-, *stu- (“to push, to hit”), whence also Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan), Old High German stōzan, German stoßen (“to push, to shove”), and, with an extra m, also the Baltic terms and Russian unattested *стумать (*stumatʹ, “to push”), from which dialectal зату́мный (zatúmnyj, “dark; far (e.g., region)”), засту́ма (zastúma) “sad person” (< “repulsed, pushed away by something”), Ukrainian за́стум (zástum, “remote area”). It is also possible that both sources have contributed to the formation of this word. Cognates include Lithuanian stùmti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumju",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stumj",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmu",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stumju",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumšu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stums",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lai stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmām",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmāt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsiet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumiet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stums",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lai stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"renarrative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjošs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"participle-1",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "esot stūmis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"renarrative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumdams",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adverbial",
"participle",
"participle-2",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stumšot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"renarrative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adverbial",
"participle",
"participle-3",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lai stumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"participle-4",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stumtu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjams",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "būtu stūmis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stumts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "jāstumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"debitive",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "būt jāstumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"debitive",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "esot jāstumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"conjunctive-1",
"debitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nestumt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "jāstumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"conjunctive-2",
"debitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stumšana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "",
"11": "present",
"12": "stumju, stum, stumj",
"13": "past",
"14": "stūmu",
"2": "verb",
"3": "transitive",
"4": "",
"5": "1st conjugation",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": "stumt"
},
"expansion": "stumt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present stumju, stum, stumj, past stūmu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "1st",
"3": "stumj",
"4": "stum",
"5": "",
"6": "stūm"
},
"expansion": "stumt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present stumju, stum, stumj, past stūmu)",
"name": "lv-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stum",
"2": "stumj",
"3": "1st",
"4": "stum",
"5": "",
"6": "stūm",
"7": "",
"8": "spall"
},
"name": "lv-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stum",
"2": "stumj",
"3": "stum",
"4": "",
"5": "stūm",
"6": "",
"7": "spall",
"inf": "",
"kc": "",
"pass": "",
"pol": "",
"prespart": "",
"refl": "",
"stem2": "",
"sz": "",
"width": "100%",
"zstd": ""
},
"name": "lv-conj-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stumju",
"10": "stūmāt",
"11": "stumšu",
"12": "stumsi",
"13": "stums",
"14": "stumsim",
"15": "stumsiet,\nstumsit",
"16": "stum",
"17": "stumiet",
"18": "stumjot",
"19": "stumšot",
"2": "stum",
"20": "stumtu",
"21": "jāstumj",
"22": "jāstumjot",
"23": "stumjošs",
"24": "stumdams",
"25": "stumjot",
"26": "stumjam",
"27": "stūmis",
"28": "stumjams",
"29": "stumts",
"3": "stumj",
"30": "stumšana",
"4": "stumjam",
"5": "stumjat",
"6": "stūmu",
"7": "stūmi",
"8": "stūma",
"9": "stūmām",
"inf": "",
"pass": "",
"pol": "",
"prespart": "",
"refl": "",
"width": "100%"
},
"name": "lv-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stumdīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stūmiens"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to push the cart",
"text": "stumt ratiņus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to push the table (close to) the wall",
"text": "stumt galdu pie sienas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the locomotive pulls the wagon, train car",
"text": "lokomotīve stumj vagonu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the road is potholed, and I had to get off the bike; further I carried (lit. pulled) the bike by hand",
"text": "ceļš ir izdangāts, un man jānokāpj no velosipēda; tālāk stumju velosipēdu pie rokas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the morning sun pulled a long, dark shadow in front of the passers-by",
"text": "(figuratively) rīta saule stūma gājējiem pa priekšu garu, tumšu enu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push, to pull (to apply force to the front of something in order to make it move)"
],
"id": "en-stumt-lv-verb-j~no~OxS",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"apply",
"apply#English"
],
[
"force",
"force#English"
],
[
"front",
"front#English"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to#English"
],
[
"make",
"make#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 64 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 46 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 59 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 59 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 39 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Toms angrily grabbed (his) brother and pulled him forward",
"text": "Toms nikni sakampa brāli un stūma uz priekšu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "himself (he) goes up to heaven, the others (he) pushes into hell",
"text": "pats kāpj debesīs, citus stumj ellē",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "you don't know anything, you go where life pulls, pushes you",
"text": "neko tu nezini, tu ej, kur dzīvi tevi stumj",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push, to pull (to make a person or animal move by force)"
],
"id": "en-stumt-lv-verb-ksqaEUsk",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"make",
"make#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"force",
"force#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "44 56 0",
"sense": "of \"make move\"",
"word": "dzīt"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 35 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to shove (one's) hand into (one's) pocket",
"text": "stumt roku kabatā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to shove (one's) foot into (one's) boot",
"text": "stumt kāju zābakā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push into (something), to shove (usually with difficulty)"
],
"id": "en-stumt-lv-verb-Z1OJ-NfO",
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "14 10 76",
"sense": "of \"shove\"",
"word": "bāzt"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[stùmt]"
},
{
"ipa": "[stūmt]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "36 38 26",
"sense": "of \"push\"",
"word": "bīdīt"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 38 26",
"sense": "of \"push\"",
"word": "grūst"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50 0",
"sense": "of \"pull\"",
"word": "vilkt"
}
],
"word": "stumt"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first conjugation verbs",
"Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian semi-palatalizing (with lengthening) first conjugation verbs",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with redundant head parameter",
"Latvian transitive verbs",
"Latvian verbs",
"Latvian words with falling intonation",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "prefixed verbs:"
},
{
"word": "aizstumt"
},
{
"word": "atstumt"
},
{
"word": "iestumt"
},
{
"word": "izstumt"
},
{
"word": "nostumt"
},
{
"word": "pastumt"
},
{
"word": "pārstumt"
},
{
"word": "sastumt"
},
{
"word": "uzstumt"
},
{
"word": "stumties"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*stem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to push; to stutter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stem- (“to push; to stutter”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stemma",
"3": "",
"4": "to press, to hinder"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse stemma (“to press, to hinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stemmen",
"3": "",
"4": "to halt; to make stiff"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stemmen (“to halt; to make stiff”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stemmen",
"3": "",
"4": "to lift, to press, to hinder"
},
"expansion": "German stemmen (“to lift, to press, to hinder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*tew-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tew-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "stōzan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German stōzan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stoßen",
"3": "",
"4": "to push, to shove"
},
"expansion": "German stoßen (“to push, to shove”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Russian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "за́стум",
"3": "",
"4": "remote area"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian за́стум (zástum, “remote area”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stùmti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stùmti",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are different theories about this word. Some derive it from Proto-Baltic *stum-, from the zero grade *stm̥- of Proto-Indo-European *stem- (“to push; to stutter”), whence also Old Norse stemma (“to press, to hinder”), Middle High German stemmen (“to halt; to make stiff”), German stemmen (“to lift, to press, to hinder”); but note that the “push” meaning is attested only in Baltic languages. Others claim that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *tew-, *tu-, *stew-, *stu- (“to push, to hit”), whence also Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan), Old High German stōzan, German stoßen (“to push, to shove”), and, with an extra m, also the Baltic terms and Russian unattested *стумать (*stumatʹ, “to push”), from which dialectal зату́мный (zatúmnyj, “dark; far (e.g., region)”), засту́ма (zastúma) “sad person” (< “repulsed, pushed away by something”), Ukrainian за́стум (zástum, “remote area”). It is also possible that both sources have contributed to the formation of this word. Cognates include Lithuanian stùmti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumju",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stumj",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmu",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "stumju",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumšu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stums",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lai stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmām",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmāt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsiet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumsit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumiet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stūma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stums",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lai stumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"renarrative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjošs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"participle-1",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "esot stūmis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"renarrative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumdams",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adverbial",
"participle",
"participle-2",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stumšot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"renarrative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adverbial",
"participle",
"participle-3",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lai stumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"participle-4",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stūmis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stumtu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stumjams",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "būtu stūmis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stumts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "jāstumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"debitive",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "būt jāstumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"debitive",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "stumt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "esot jāstumj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"conjunctive-1",
"debitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nestumt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "jāstumjot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"conjunctive-2",
"debitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stumšana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "",
"11": "present",
"12": "stumju, stum, stumj",
"13": "past",
"14": "stūmu",
"2": "verb",
"3": "transitive",
"4": "",
"5": "1st conjugation",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"head": "stumt"
},
"expansion": "stumt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present stumju, stum, stumj, past stūmu)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "1st",
"3": "stumj",
"4": "stum",
"5": "",
"6": "stūm"
},
"expansion": "stumt (transitive, 1st conjugation, present stumju, stum, stumj, past stūmu)",
"name": "lv-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stum",
"2": "stumj",
"3": "1st",
"4": "stum",
"5": "",
"6": "stūm",
"7": "",
"8": "spall"
},
"name": "lv-conj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stum",
"2": "stumj",
"3": "stum",
"4": "",
"5": "stūm",
"6": "",
"7": "spall",
"inf": "",
"kc": "",
"pass": "",
"pol": "",
"prespart": "",
"refl": "",
"stem2": "",
"sz": "",
"width": "100%",
"zstd": ""
},
"name": "lv-conj-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stumju",
"10": "stūmāt",
"11": "stumšu",
"12": "stumsi",
"13": "stums",
"14": "stumsim",
"15": "stumsiet,\nstumsit",
"16": "stum",
"17": "stumiet",
"18": "stumjot",
"19": "stumšot",
"2": "stum",
"20": "stumtu",
"21": "jāstumj",
"22": "jāstumjot",
"23": "stumjošs",
"24": "stumdams",
"25": "stumjot",
"26": "stumjam",
"27": "stūmis",
"28": "stumjams",
"29": "stumts",
"3": "stumj",
"30": "stumšana",
"4": "stumjam",
"5": "stumjat",
"6": "stūmu",
"7": "stūmi",
"8": "stūma",
"9": "stūmām",
"inf": "",
"pass": "",
"pol": "",
"prespart": "",
"refl": "",
"width": "100%"
},
"name": "lv-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "stumdīt"
},
{
"word": "stūmiens"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to push the cart",
"text": "stumt ratiņus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to push the table (close to) the wall",
"text": "stumt galdu pie sienas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the locomotive pulls the wagon, train car",
"text": "lokomotīve stumj vagonu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the road is potholed, and I had to get off the bike; further I carried (lit. pulled) the bike by hand",
"text": "ceļš ir izdangāts, un man jānokāpj no velosipēda; tālāk stumju velosipēdu pie rokas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the morning sun pulled a long, dark shadow in front of the passers-by",
"text": "(figuratively) rīta saule stūma gājējiem pa priekšu garu, tumšu enu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push, to pull (to apply force to the front of something in order to make it move)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"apply",
"apply#English"
],
[
"force",
"force#English"
],
[
"front",
"front#English"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to#English"
],
[
"make",
"make#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Toms angrily grabbed (his) brother and pulled him forward",
"text": "Toms nikni sakampa brāli un stūma uz priekšu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "himself (he) goes up to heaven, the others (he) pushes into hell",
"text": "pats kāpj debesīs, citus stumj ellē",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "you don't know anything, you go where life pulls, pushes you",
"text": "neko tu nezini, tu ej, kur dzīvi tevi stumj",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push, to pull (to make a person or animal move by force)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"make",
"make#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"move",
"move#English"
],
[
"force",
"force#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to shove (one's) hand into (one's) pocket",
"text": "stumt roku kabatā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to shove (one's) foot into (one's) boot",
"text": "stumt kāju zābakā",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to push into (something), to shove (usually with difficulty)"
],
"links": [
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[stùmt]"
},
{
"ipa": "[stūmt]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of \"push\"",
"word": "bīdīt"
},
{
"sense": "of \"push\"",
"word": "grūst"
},
{
"sense": "of \"pull\"",
"word": "vilkt"
},
{
"sense": "of \"make move\"",
"word": "dzīt"
},
{
"sense": "of \"shove\"",
"word": "bāzt"
}
],
"word": "stumt"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stumt meaning in All languages combined (12.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.