See stook on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stowk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stowk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûke",
"t": "bundle of grain"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûken",
"t": "to push, bump, compress"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stūkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stūkaną",
"t": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"t": "to pound, push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stûkje",
"t": "to pile up, stop"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuiken",
"t": "to bundle, stamp"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stauchen",
"t": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "German stauchen (“to compress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stuka",
"t": "to rick, wrench, upset"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"t": "to whack, chop"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stowk, stouke, stouc, from or cognate with Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”), from Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”), from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”).\nCognate with West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”), Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”), German stauchen (“to compress”), Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stook (plural stooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A pile or bundle, especially of straw."
],
"id": "en-stook-en-noun-ODZWjFO5",
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"english": "pile",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "auma"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"english": "bundle",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "nippu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "kuhilas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meule"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moyette"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "meulon"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "camballón"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Docke"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thimoniá",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "θημωνιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "covone"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bica"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "ambāra",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "ಅಂಬಾರ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "miet"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rakatka",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ракатка"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krstica",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крстица"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"note": "of corn",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "binnot"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrēac"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kopná",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "копна́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skirdá",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скирда́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "adag"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "garbera"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bwch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 75 0 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 84 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 1 2 32 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 1 1 33 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 67 5 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 71 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 71 1 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 67 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 69 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 68 2 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 70 1 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 67 5 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kannada translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 69 1 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Limburgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 66 5 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 70 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 69 3 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 72 1 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 74 1 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 67 5 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 72 1 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 68 1 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 16:",
"text": "And on the road home they lay among the stooks and maybe Ellison did this and that to make sure of getting her, he was fair desperate for any woman by then.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1958, Iris Murdoch, The Bell:",
"text": "The wheat, tawny with ripeness, had been cut and stood in tented stooks about the fields, while a few ghostly poppies lingered at the edge of the path.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of six or eight sheaves of grain stacked to dry vertically in a rectangular arrangement at harvest time, largely obsolete since the advent of combine harvesters and powered grain driers (mid 20th century)."
],
"id": "en-stook-en-noun-JOAikeWL",
"links": [
[
"sheaves",
"sheaf"
],
[
"combine harvester",
"combine harvester"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) A group of six or eight sheaves of grain stacked to dry vertically in a rectangular arrangement at harvest time, largely obsolete since the advent of combine harvesters and powered grain driers (mid 20th century)."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 96 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "group of sheaves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "panák"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Temple Bar, volume 16, page 507:",
"text": "Loud was the laughter at this and other remarks about nailing \"stooks\" (silk pocket handkerchiefs), \"clouts\" (cotton ditto), german sausages, &c.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A handkerchief."
],
"id": "en-stook-en-noun-UhR4Bo0A",
"links": [
[
"handkerchief",
"handkerchief"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) A handkerchief."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʊk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stook.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "shock"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stook"
],
"word": "stook"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stowk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stowk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûke",
"t": "bundle of grain"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûken",
"t": "to push, bump, compress"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stūkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stūkaną",
"t": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"t": "to pound, push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stûkje",
"t": "to pile up, stop"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuiken",
"t": "to bundle, stamp"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stauchen",
"t": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "German stauchen (“to compress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stuka",
"t": "to rick, wrench, upset"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"t": "to whack, chop"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stowk, stouke, stouc, from or cognate with Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”), from Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”), from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”).\nCognate with West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”), Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”), German stauchen (“to compress”), Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stook (third-person singular simple present stooks, present participle stooking, simple past and past participle stooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "en:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 1 2 32 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 1 1 33 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stooker"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make stooks."
],
"id": "en-stook-en-verb-YIJJ54J-",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"stooks",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, agriculture) To make stooks."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "aumata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "moyetter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "gerber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "docken"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "accovonare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "abbicare"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "garbar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʊk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stook.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stook"
],
"word": "stook"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stook",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 26 1 2 32 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 1 1 33 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 47 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stoken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-stook-nl-verb-Do1nNS0R",
"links": [
[
"stoken",
"stoken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 26 1 2 32 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 1 1 33 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 47 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stoken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-stook-nl-verb-DLEeh7Ue",
"links": [
[
"stoken",
"stoken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stoken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-stook-nl-verb-y28jlKWk",
"links": [
[
"stoken",
"stoken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-stook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-stook.ogg/Nl-stook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-stook.ogg"
}
],
"word": "stook"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stook"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stook",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stūke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stūke",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stūkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stūkaną",
"t": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"t": "to pound, push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stook, from or related to Middle Low German stūke, from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "stooks",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stook (plural stooks)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stook (plural stooks)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sheaf, bundle (of straw)"
],
"id": "en-stook-sco-noun-~7AXnQeI",
"links": [
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stuk/"
}
],
"word": "stook"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "stook",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stoken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"stoken",
"stoken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stoken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"stoken",
"stoken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "stoken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of stoken:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"stoken",
"stoken#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-stook.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Nl-stook.ogg/Nl-stook.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Nl-stook.ogg"
}
],
"word": "stook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Saxon",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stowk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stowk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûke",
"t": "bundle of grain"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûken",
"t": "to push, bump, compress"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stūkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stūkaną",
"t": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"t": "to pound, push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stûkje",
"t": "to pile up, stop"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuiken",
"t": "to bundle, stamp"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stauchen",
"t": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "German stauchen (“to compress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stuka",
"t": "to rick, wrench, upset"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"t": "to whack, chop"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stowk, stouke, stouc, from or cognate with Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”), from Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”), from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”).\nCognate with West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”), Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”), German stauchen (“to compress”), Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stook (plural stooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A pile or bundle, especially of straw."
],
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 16:",
"text": "And on the road home they lay among the stooks and maybe Ellison did this and that to make sure of getting her, he was fair desperate for any woman by then.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1958, Iris Murdoch, The Bell:",
"text": "The wheat, tawny with ripeness, had been cut and stood in tented stooks about the fields, while a few ghostly poppies lingered at the edge of the path.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A group of six or eight sheaves of grain stacked to dry vertically in a rectangular arrangement at harvest time, largely obsolete since the advent of combine harvesters and powered grain driers (mid 20th century)."
],
"links": [
[
"sheaves",
"sheaf"
],
[
"combine harvester",
"combine harvester"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(specifically) A group of six or eight sheaves of grain stacked to dry vertically in a rectangular arrangement at harvest time, largely obsolete since the advent of combine harvesters and powered grain driers (mid 20th century)."
],
"tags": [
"specifically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1866, Temple Bar, volume 16, page 507:",
"text": "Loud was the laughter at this and other remarks about nailing \"stooks\" (silk pocket handkerchiefs), \"clouts\" (cotton ditto), german sausages, &c.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A handkerchief."
],
"links": [
[
"handkerchief",
"handkerchief"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) A handkerchief."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʊk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stook.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shock"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "pile",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "auma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "bundle",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "nippu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "kuhilas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meule"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moyette"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "meulon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "camballón"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Docke"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thimoniá",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "θημωνιά"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "covone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bica"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "ambāra",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "ಅಂಬಾರ"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "miet"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "rakatka",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ракатка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krstica",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крстица"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"note": "of corn",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "binnot"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrēac"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kopná",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "копна́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skirdá",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скирда́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"word": "adag"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "garbera"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "pile or bundle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bwch"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "group of sheaves",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "panák"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stook"
],
"word": "stook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Old Saxon",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk",
"Rhymes:English/ʊk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stooker"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stowk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stowk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûke",
"t": "bundle of grain"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûken",
"t": "to push, bump, compress"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stūkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stūkaną",
"t": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"t": "to pound, push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stûkje",
"t": "to pile up, stop"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuiken",
"t": "to bundle, stamp"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stauchen",
"t": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "German stauchen (“to compress”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stuka",
"t": "to rick, wrench, upset"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"t": "to whack, chop"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stowk, stouke, stouc, from or cognate with Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”), from Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”), from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”).\nCognate with West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”), Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”), German stauchen (“to compress”), Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "stooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stook (third-person singular simple present stooks, present participle stooking, simple past and past participle stooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"To make stooks."
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"stooks",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, agriculture) To make stooks."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stʊk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-stook.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stook.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "aumata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "moyetter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "gerber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "docken"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "accovonare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "abbicare"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make stooks",
"word": "garbar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"stook"
],
"word": "stook"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stook"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stook",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stūke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stūke",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*stūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *stūkan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stūkaną",
"t": "to be stiff, push"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewg-",
"t": "to pound, push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English stook, from or related to Middle Low German stūke, from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "stooks",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "stook (plural stooks)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "stook (plural stooks)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Scots terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"sheaf, bundle (of straw)"
],
"links": [
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/stuk/"
}
],
"word": "stook"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stook meaning in All languages combined (16.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.