See spate on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for spate meaning in All languages combined (31.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sp(y)ēw",
"4": "*spyū"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spait",
"t": "a flood"
},
"expansion": "spait (“a flood”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spate",
"t": "torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc."
},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spatter"
},
"expansion": "English spatter",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spatten",
"t": "to spatter, splash"
},
"expansion": "Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sp(y)ēw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*spyū"
},
"expansion": "*spyū",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spit",
"t": "to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc."
},
"expansion": "English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spate",
"t": "to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely"
},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English spate, spait (“a flood”), influenced by Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”). The further etymology of the Middle English and Scots words is uncertain; they are possibly related to English spatter and Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw, *spyū (whence English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)), which is imitative of spitting.\nThe verb is derived from the noun, probably influenced by Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "spate (countable and uncountable, plural spates)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 9 20 20 22 8 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1886 February 20, W. Murdoch, “Salmon and Trout-fishing in the Highlands of Scotland.—VII. The Halladale (Sutherlandshire).”, in R. B. Marston, editor, The Fishing Gazette; Devoted to Angling, River, Lake, and Sea Fishing and Fish Culture, volume XII, London: Charles William Bradley & Co. […], →OCLC, page 97, column 1",
"text": "It [the Halladale river] receives the whole of its water-supply from a number of hill burns and several lochs of inconsiderable extent. it follows, therefore, that after rain the surplus water soon runs out, and the river soon dwindles down to an almost unfishable condition. […] An ordinary spate will not suffice to keep the river in good order for more than a couple of days.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1968 March 15, “Liang Chen-yu, a Good Cadre Reared on Mao Tse-tung's Thought”, in Peking Review, number 11, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-29, page 19, column 1; republished as Confucianism, 1973, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 172",
"text": "After a rainstorm on July 29, 1966, the Shihtouyu River in Lonan County was in full spate. Mountain torrents poured into it carrying silt and rocks down with them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (sudden) flood or inundation of water; specifically, a flood in or overflow of a river or other watercourse due to heavy rain or melting snow; (uncountable, archaic) flooding, inundation."
],
"id": "en-spate-en-noun-nE60JZoy",
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden#Adjective"
],
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
],
[
"inundation",
"inundation"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"overflow",
"overflow#Noun"
],
[
"river",
"river#Noun"
],
[
"watercourse",
"watercourse"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"rain",
"rain#Noun"
],
[
"melting",
"melting#Adjective"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#Noun"
],
[
"flooding",
"flooding#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A (sudden) flood or inundation of water; specifically, a flood in or overflow of a river or other watercourse due to heavy rain or melting snow; (uncountable, archaic) flooding, inundation."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "oorstroming"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "vloed"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navodnénie",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наводне́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "priiždane",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прииждане"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "氾濫"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànlàn",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "氾滥"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngshuǐ",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "洪水"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záplava"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "bandjir"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "overstroming"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "tulva"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crue"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"alt": "こうずい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōzui",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "洪水"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"alt": "おおみず, ōmizu; たいすい, taisui",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "大水"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"alt": "洪水",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hongsu",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "홍수"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powódź"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navodnénije",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наводне́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pávodok",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́водок"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poplava"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povodanj"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aluvión"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riada"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svall"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povinʹ",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повінь"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 23 22",
"alt": "ріки",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozlyv",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "розлив"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A sudden heavy downpour of rain."
],
"id": "en-spate-en-noun-fd4WFMDf",
"links": [
[
"downpour",
"downpour#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A sudden heavy downpour of rain."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 78 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden heavy downpour of rain",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "příval"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 78 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden heavy downpour of rain",
"word": "kaatosade"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 4 28 29 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 28 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 20 20 22 8 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1928, Thomas Browne, “To a Friend Intending a Difficult Work”, in W[illiam] R[chard] LeFanu, transl., edited by Geoffrey Keynes, The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, new edition, volume III, London: Faber & Faber, published 1964, →OCLC, page 155",
"text": "Only let your language match your subject, then it will be shapely and free; but take care all the time not to overwhelm your work in a spate of words to attain the fluency of Isaeus; and that it slip not out too freely, avoid the danger of Strada [Zanobi da Strada?].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1964 June 15, Earl Warren, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the United States (delivering the court’s opinion), “Reynolds, Judge, et al. v. Sims, et al.”, in Henry Putzel, jr., reporter, United States Reports: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at October Term, 1963 […], volume 377, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, section II, page 556",
"text": "The spate of similar cases filed and decided by lower courts since our decision in Baker [v. Carr] amply shows that the problem of state legislative malapportionment is one that is perceived to exist in a large number of the States.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden increase or rush of something; a flood, an outburst, an outpouring."
],
"id": "en-spate-en-noun-vyurh~XM",
"links": [
[
"increase",
"increase#Noun"
],
[
"rush",
"rush#Noun"
],
[
"outburst",
"outburst#Noun"
],
[
"outpouring",
"outpouring#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, figurative) A sudden increase or rush of something; a flood, an outburst, an outpouring."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "突然迸發"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tūránbèngfā, túránbèngfā",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "突然迸发"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "příval"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stroom"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toevloed"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zondvloed"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "hyöky"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "vyöry"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "recrudescence"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roiseadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hotobashiri",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "ほとばしり"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zokuhatsu",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "続発"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naplyv",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "наплыв"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bujica"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avalancha"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "flod"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "flöde"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "skur"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "störtflod"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "ström"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "svall"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "naplyv",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наплив"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "potik",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "потік"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 17 68",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "splesk",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сплеск"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/speɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "speight"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-spate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg/En-us-spate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "spat"
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sp(y)ēw",
"4": "*spyū"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spait",
"t": "a flood"
},
"expansion": "spait (“a flood”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spate",
"t": "torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc."
},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spatter"
},
"expansion": "English spatter",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spatten",
"t": "to spatter, splash"
},
"expansion": "Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sp(y)ēw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*spyū"
},
"expansion": "*spyū",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spit",
"t": "to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc."
},
"expansion": "English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spate",
"t": "to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely"
},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English spate, spait (“a flood”), influenced by Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”). The further etymology of the Middle English and Scots words is uncertain; they are possibly related to English spatter and Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw, *spyū (whence English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)), which is imitative of spitting.\nThe verb is derived from the noun, probably influenced by Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "spating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "spated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "spated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spate (third-person singular simple present spates, present participle spating, simple past and past participle spated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 4 28 29 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 28 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 20 20 22 8 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1844 October, J. Nevay, “Mary Hepburn; or, The Victim of Slander. Chapter X.”, in The Ladies’ Cabinet of Fashion, Music, and Romance, volume II (New Series), London: G. Henderson, →OCLC, page 255",
"text": "[H]e paused in a reverie of wilderment and wonder when he could not discern the old fishing-places—they were deeply and darkly flooded for many yards on every side of the spated stream.\nAn adjective use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1886 February 20, W. Murdoch, “Salmon and Trout-fishing in the Highlands of Scotland.—VII. The Halladale (Sutherlandshire).”, in R. B. Marston, editor, The Fishing Gazette; Devoted to Angling, River, Lake, and Sea Fishing and Fish Culture, volume XII, London: Charles William Bradley & Co. […], →OCLC, page 97, column 1",
"text": "A few of the very best angling streams in the Highlands are almost perennial in their flow; the Halladale, on the contrary, is subject to spating.\nA noun use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Robert B. Ross, “The Silent Guns”, in The Fifty-first in France, London, New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, part I (From May to December 1915), page 84",
"text": "The gates of Anger open, and the flood, / Spated with hate, unstemmed of men, pours out, / Drenching the trench with hot and beaded blood, / Choking each challenging or anguish'd shout.\nA figurative use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1938], Rajput [pseudonym; Arthur John Eardley Dawson], chapter 12, in Khyber Calling!, London: Hurst & Blackett, →OCLC, section 3, page 181",
"text": "The day was lovely and clear after the rain. The river had not spated as much as I had expected, and there was only one place in my sector where lorries might have found difficulty in crossing the nala.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1977, “Open Waters”, in A Nature Conservation Review, volume 2 (Site Accounts), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press for the Nature Conservancy Council and Natural Environment Research Council, published 2011, page 202, column 1",
"text": "river strontian, argyll […] This is a good example of a short, west-coast spating oligotrophic river. […] The river is subject to a rise in water level of up to 1 m following heavy rain and the water is clear and fairly low in dissolved nutrients.\nAn adjective use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Matthew Carr, “Scholars, Pilgrims, and Troubadours”, in The Savage Frontier: The Pyrenees in History and the Imagination, New York, N.Y.: The New Press, part II (Pyrenean Crossings)",
"text": "On one occasion the Segre was spating after heavy rain and threatening to overflow, whereupon [Saint] Ermengol fell down on his knees \"begging Christ that the force of the river might turn away from the Virgin Mother\" and crying out, \"O water, do you dare to perform this sacrilege so that you might break up the estate of the church because you are bored with your usual path? Desist from this crime, violator, I challenge you in the divine name to hear my prayer.\" The next day the waters subsided, and Ermengol was able to continue the construction of a bridge across the Segre.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Nicholas Dobson, “The French Talk Themselves Up”, in The Regal Throne: Power, Politics and Ribaldry: A Guide to Shakespeare’s Richard II, Henry IV Parts 1 and 2, and Henry V, Eastbourne, East Sussex: Sussex Academic Press, book 4 (Reputation Redeemed! Henry V – Model Warrior King), page 422",
"text": "He [Charles VI of France] therefore bids them 'Rush on his [Henry [V]'s] host' with the force of an Alpine river spated with snow melt.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (suddenly) flood or inundate (a river or other watercourse) with water."
],
"id": "en-spate-en-verb-CmB6iKsW",
"links": [
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"flood",
"flood#Verb"
],
[
"inundate",
"inundate"
],
[
"river",
"river#Noun"
],
[
"watercourse",
"watercourse"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To (suddenly) flood or inundate (a river or other watercourse) with water."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 4 28 29 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 28 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern England English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 20 20 22 8 4 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (suddenly) rain heavily; to pour."
],
"id": "en-spate-en-verb-4sZtGaa4",
"links": [
[
"rain",
"rain#Verb"
],
[
"heavily",
"heavily"
],
[
"pour",
"pour#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To (suddenly) rain heavily; to pour."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/speɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "speight"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-spate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg/En-us-spate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "spate f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"word": "spata"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-spate-it-noun-15R71Yx9",
"links": [
[
"spata",
"spata#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "în spate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin spathae",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
{
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},
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"name": "m"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "grc",
"3": "σπάθη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin spathae, plural of spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spate",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
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"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"nominative",
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},
{
"form": "un spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"nominative",
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]
},
{
"form": "spatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spatelui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spatelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spatelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "spate"
},
"expansion": "spate n (plural spate)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "spatelor",
"gpi": "spate",
"gsd": "spatelui",
"gsi": "spate",
"n": "",
"npd": "spatele",
"npi": "spate",
"nsd": "spatele",
"nsi": "spate",
"vp": "spatelor",
"vs": "spate",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spată"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 17 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "ro:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back (anatomy)"
],
"id": "en-spate-ro-noun-H4TQkWIx",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back (part, side) of something"
],
"id": "en-spate-ro-noun-3uX8QurL",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shoulder"
],
"id": "en-spate-ro-noun-ifRdTIFy",
"links": [
[
"shoulder",
"shoulder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"sense": "shoulder",
"word": "umăr"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspate/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-spate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-spate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "53 47 0",
"sense": "back",
"word": "dos"
},
{
"_dis1": "53 47 0",
"sense": "back",
"word": "spinare"
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English archaic terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sp(y)ēw",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spyū",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Northern England English",
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable",
"ro:Body parts"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sp(y)ēw",
"4": "*spyū"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "noun",
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{
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"3": "spate"
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"expansion": "Middle English spate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
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"2": "spate",
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},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "spatter"
},
"expansion": "English spatter",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
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},
"expansion": "Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw",
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "*spyū",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spit",
"t": "to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc."
},
"expansion": "English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
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{
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"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spate",
"t": "to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely"
},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English spate, spait (“a flood”), influenced by Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”). The further etymology of the Middle English and Scots words is uncertain; they are possibly related to English spatter and Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw, *spyū (whence English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)), which is imitative of spitting.\nThe verb is derived from the noun, probably influenced by Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”).",
"forms": [
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"form": "spates",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "spate (countable and uncountable, plural spates)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1886 February 20, W. Murdoch, “Salmon and Trout-fishing in the Highlands of Scotland.—VII. The Halladale (Sutherlandshire).”, in R. B. Marston, editor, The Fishing Gazette; Devoted to Angling, River, Lake, and Sea Fishing and Fish Culture, volume XII, London: Charles William Bradley & Co. […], →OCLC, page 97, column 1",
"text": "It [the Halladale river] receives the whole of its water-supply from a number of hill burns and several lochs of inconsiderable extent. it follows, therefore, that after rain the surplus water soon runs out, and the river soon dwindles down to an almost unfishable condition. […] An ordinary spate will not suffice to keep the river in good order for more than a couple of days.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1968 March 15, “Liang Chen-yu, a Good Cadre Reared on Mao Tse-tung's Thought”, in Peking Review, number 11, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-29, page 19, column 1; republished as Confucianism, 1973, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 172",
"text": "After a rainstorm on July 29, 1966, the Shihtouyu River in Lonan County was in full spate. Mountain torrents poured into it carrying silt and rocks down with them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (sudden) flood or inundation of water; specifically, a flood in or overflow of a river or other watercourse due to heavy rain or melting snow; (uncountable, archaic) flooding, inundation."
],
"links": [
[
"sudden",
"sudden#Adjective"
],
[
"flood",
"flood#Noun"
],
[
"inundation",
"inundation"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
],
[
"overflow",
"overflow#Noun"
],
[
"river",
"river#Noun"
],
[
"watercourse",
"watercourse"
],
[
"heavy",
"heavy#Adjective"
],
[
"rain",
"rain#Noun"
],
[
"melting",
"melting#Adjective"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#Noun"
],
[
"flooding",
"flooding#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A (sudden) flood or inundation of water; specifically, a flood in or overflow of a river or other watercourse due to heavy rain or melting snow; (uncountable, archaic) flooding, inundation."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden heavy downpour of rain."
],
"links": [
[
"downpour",
"downpour#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A sudden heavy downpour of rain."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1928, Thomas Browne, “To a Friend Intending a Difficult Work”, in W[illiam] R[chard] LeFanu, transl., edited by Geoffrey Keynes, The Works of Sir Thomas Browne, new edition, volume III, London: Faber & Faber, published 1964, →OCLC, page 155",
"text": "Only let your language match your subject, then it will be shapely and free; but take care all the time not to overwhelm your work in a spate of words to attain the fluency of Isaeus; and that it slip not out too freely, avoid the danger of Strada [Zanobi da Strada?].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1964 June 15, Earl Warren, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of the United States (delivering the court’s opinion), “Reynolds, Judge, et al. v. Sims, et al.”, in Henry Putzel, jr., reporter, United States Reports: Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court at October Term, 1963 […], volume 377, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, section II, page 556",
"text": "The spate of similar cases filed and decided by lower courts since our decision in Baker [v. Carr] amply shows that the problem of state legislative malapportionment is one that is perceived to exist in a large number of the States.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sudden increase or rush of something; a flood, an outburst, an outpouring."
],
"links": [
[
"increase",
"increase#Noun"
],
[
"rush",
"rush#Noun"
],
[
"outburst",
"outburst#Noun"
],
[
"outpouring",
"outpouring#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, figurative) A sudden increase or rush of something; a flood, an outburst, an outpouring."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"countable",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/speɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "speight"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-spate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg/En-us-spate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "spat"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "oorstroming"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "vloed"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "navodnénie",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наводне́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "priiždane",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "прииждане"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "氾濫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fànlàn",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "氾滥"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngshuǐ",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "洪水"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záplava"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "bandjir"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "overstroming"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "tulva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crue"
},
{
"alt": "こうずい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kōzui",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "洪水"
},
{
"alt": "おおみず, ōmizu; たいすい, taisui",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "大水"
},
{
"alt": "洪水",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hongsu",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"word": "홍수"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "powódź"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "navodnénije",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "наводне́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pávodok",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "па́водок"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poplava"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "povodanj"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aluvión"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "riada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svall"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povinʹ",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "повінь"
},
{
"alt": "ріки",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozlyv",
"sense": "(countable) (sudden) flood or inundation of water; (uncountable) flooding, inundation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "розлив"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden heavy downpour of rain",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "příval"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden heavy downpour of rain",
"word": "kaatosade"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "突然迸發"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tūránbèngfā, túránbèngfā",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "突然迸发"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "příval"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stroom"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "toevloed"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zondvloed"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "hyöky"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "vyöry"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "recrudescence"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roiseadh"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hotobashiri",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "ほとばしり"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "zokuhatsu",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "続発"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naplyv",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "наплыв"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bujica"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "avalancha"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "flod"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "flöde"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "skur"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "störtflod"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "ström"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"word": "svall"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "naplyv",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "наплив"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "potik",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "потік"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "splesk",
"sense": "sudden increase or rush of something — see also flood, outburst, outpouring",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сплеск"
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English archaic terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sp(y)ēw",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *spyū",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Northern England English",
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt",
"Rhymes:English/eɪt/1 syllable",
"ro:Body parts"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sp(y)ēw",
"4": "*spyū"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "spate"
},
"expansion": "Middle English spate",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "spait",
"t": "a flood"
},
"expansion": "spait (“a flood”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spate",
"t": "torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc."
},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spatter"
},
"expansion": "English spatter",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "spatten",
"t": "to spatter, splash"
},
"expansion": "Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sp(y)ēw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*spyū"
},
"expansion": "*spyū",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "spit",
"t": "to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc."
},
"expansion": "English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "spate",
"t": "to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely"
},
"expansion": "Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English spate, spait (“a flood”), influenced by Scots spate (“torrent of water, flood; heavy downpour of rain; (figurative) bout of drinking; large crowd of people; flood of events, words, etc.”). The further etymology of the Middle English and Scots words is uncertain; they are possibly related to English spatter and Dutch spatten (“to spatter, splash”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sp(y)ēw, *spyū (whence English spit (“to evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.”)), which is imitative of spitting.\nThe verb is derived from the noun, probably influenced by Scots spate (“to flood, swell; to rain heavily; (figurative) to scold fiercely”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "spating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "spated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "spated",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spate (third-person singular simple present spates, present participle spating, simple past and past participle spated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1844 October, J. Nevay, “Mary Hepburn; or, The Victim of Slander. Chapter X.”, in The Ladies’ Cabinet of Fashion, Music, and Romance, volume II (New Series), London: G. Henderson, →OCLC, page 255",
"text": "[H]e paused in a reverie of wilderment and wonder when he could not discern the old fishing-places—they were deeply and darkly flooded for many yards on every side of the spated stream.\nAn adjective use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1886 February 20, W. Murdoch, “Salmon and Trout-fishing in the Highlands of Scotland.—VII. The Halladale (Sutherlandshire).”, in R. B. Marston, editor, The Fishing Gazette; Devoted to Angling, River, Lake, and Sea Fishing and Fish Culture, volume XII, London: Charles William Bradley & Co. […], →OCLC, page 97, column 1",
"text": "A few of the very best angling streams in the Highlands are almost perennial in their flow; the Halladale, on the contrary, is subject to spating.\nA noun use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1918, Robert B. Ross, “The Silent Guns”, in The Fifty-first in France, London, New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, part I (From May to December 1915), page 84",
"text": "The gates of Anger open, and the flood, / Spated with hate, unstemmed of men, pours out, / Drenching the trench with hot and beaded blood, / Choking each challenging or anguish'd shout.\nA figurative use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "[1938], Rajput [pseudonym; Arthur John Eardley Dawson], chapter 12, in Khyber Calling!, London: Hurst & Blackett, →OCLC, section 3, page 181",
"text": "The day was lovely and clear after the rain. The river had not spated as much as I had expected, and there was only one place in my sector where lorries might have found difficulty in crossing the nala.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1977, “Open Waters”, in A Nature Conservation Review, volume 2 (Site Accounts), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press for the Nature Conservancy Council and Natural Environment Research Council, published 2011, page 202, column 1",
"text": "river strontian, argyll […] This is a good example of a short, west-coast spating oligotrophic river. […] The river is subject to a rise in water level of up to 1 m following heavy rain and the water is clear and fairly low in dissolved nutrients.\nAn adjective use.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018, Matthew Carr, “Scholars, Pilgrims, and Troubadours”, in The Savage Frontier: The Pyrenees in History and the Imagination, New York, N.Y.: The New Press, part II (Pyrenean Crossings)",
"text": "On one occasion the Segre was spating after heavy rain and threatening to overflow, whereupon [Saint] Ermengol fell down on his knees \"begging Christ that the force of the river might turn away from the Virgin Mother\" and crying out, \"O water, do you dare to perform this sacrilege so that you might break up the estate of the church because you are bored with your usual path? Desist from this crime, violator, I challenge you in the divine name to hear my prayer.\" The next day the waters subsided, and Ermengol was able to continue the construction of a bridge across the Segre.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023, Nicholas Dobson, “The French Talk Themselves Up”, in The Regal Throne: Power, Politics and Ribaldry: A Guide to Shakespeare’s Richard II, Henry IV Parts 1 and 2, and Henry V, Eastbourne, East Sussex: Sussex Academic Press, book 4 (Reputation Redeemed! Henry V – Model Warrior King), page 422",
"text": "He [Charles VI of France] therefore bids them 'Rush on his [Henry [V]'s] host' with the force of an Alpine river spated with snow melt.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To (suddenly) flood or inundate (a river or other watercourse) with water."
],
"links": [
[
"suddenly",
"suddenly"
],
[
"flood",
"flood#Verb"
],
[
"inundate",
"inundate"
],
[
"river",
"river#Noun"
],
[
"watercourse",
"watercourse"
],
[
"water",
"water#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To (suddenly) flood or inundate (a river or other watercourse) with water."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To (suddenly) rain heavily; to pour."
],
"links": [
[
"rain",
"rain#Verb"
],
[
"heavily",
"heavily"
],
[
"pour",
"pour#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To (suddenly) rain heavily; to pour."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/speɪt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪt"
},
{
"homophone": "speight"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-spate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg/En-us-spate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-spate.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"ro:Body parts"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "spate f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "spata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of spata"
],
"links": [
[
"spata",
"spata#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ro-noun-n-e",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Romanian terms with audio links",
"ro:Body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "în spate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "spathae",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin spathae",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "spathae"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin spathae",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "spatha"
},
"expansion": "spatha",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σπάθη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin spathae, plural of spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spate",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spatele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spatelui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spatelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "spatelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "spate"
},
"expansion": "spate n (plural spate)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "spatelor",
"gpi": "spate",
"gsd": "spatelui",
"gsi": "spate",
"n": "",
"npd": "spatele",
"npi": "spate",
"nsd": "spatele",
"nsi": "spate",
"vp": "spatelor",
"vs": "spate",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "spată"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back (anatomy)"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"back (part, side) of something"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shoulder"
],
"links": [
[
"shoulder",
"shoulder"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspate/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-spate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-spate.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-spate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-spate.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "back",
"word": "dos"
},
{
"sense": "back",
"word": "spinare"
},
{
"sense": "shoulder",
"word": "umăr"
}
],
"word": "spate"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: originally Northern England",
"path": [
"spate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: originally Northern England",
"path": [
"spate"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "spate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"spate",
"ro-noun-n-e",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"spate",
"ro-noun-n-e",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"spate",
"ro-noun-n-e",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spate",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"spate",
"ro-noun-n-e",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "spate",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.