See shun on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for shun meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shunless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shunnable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shunner"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "shonen",
"4": "shǒnen",
"t": "to decline to do, avoid, fear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, avoid, fear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċunian",
"t": "to shun, fear, avoid"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċunian (“to shun, fear, avoid”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skū̌hnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skū̌hnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skū̌hnijan"
},
"expansion": "*skū̌hnijan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skeuhnēn",
"t": "to frighten, fear"
},
"expansion": "*skeuhnēn (“to frighten, fear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skuhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skuhaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skeuhaz",
"t": "timid, fearful, shy"
},
"expansion": "*skeuhaz (“timid, fearful, shy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
"t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kewH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hȳdan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, avoid, fear”), from Old English sċunian (“to shun, fear, avoid”), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-West Germanic *skū̌hnōn, *skū̌hnijan, *skeuhnēn (“to frighten, fear”), from Proto-Germanic *skuhaz, *skeuhaz (“timid, fearful, shy”).\nAlternatively, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”); if so, cognate with Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shun (third-person singular simple present shuns, present participle shunning, simple past and past participle shunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 21 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 7 0 2 15 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hanyu Pinyin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Acrophobes shun mountaineering.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848",
"text": "British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To avoid, especially persistently; ostracize."
],
"id": "en-shun-en-verb-en:avoid__ostracize",
"links": [
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
],
[
"persistently",
"persistently"
],
[
"ostracize",
"ostracize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To avoid, especially persistently; ostracize."
],
"senseid": [
"en:avoid, ostracize"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otbjagvam",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "отбягвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "cmn",
"english": "out of fear",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèibì",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "畏避"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyhnout se"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vyhýbat se"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sky"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ontwijken"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "vermijden"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "karttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "éviter"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "rejeter"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "aus dem Weg gehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ausweichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "meiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "scheuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "vermeiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ausstoßen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ausschließen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "biwandjan",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apofévgo",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "αποφεύγω"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "kerül"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "elkerül"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "visszariad"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "detestare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "imu",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "忌む"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kihi suru",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "忌避する"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ēvītō"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "unngå"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sky"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "unikać"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "stronić"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evita"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbegátʹ",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избега́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbežátʹ",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избежа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "storonítʹsja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сторони́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osteregátʹsja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "остерега́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "beréčʹsja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бере́чься"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "vyhýbať sa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "strániť sa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sky"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "skygga"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "kaçınmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sakınmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "uzak durmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "curátysja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "цура́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "osterihátysja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "остеріга́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 4 0 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "unykáty",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уника́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To escape (a threatening evil, an unwelcome task etc)."
],
"id": "en-shun-en-verb-en:escape",
"links": [
[
"escape",
"escape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To escape (a threatening evil, an unwelcome task etc)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:escape"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "Izbjagvam",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "Избягвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uniknout"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "unikat"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "fuir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "esquiver"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "escapar"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "flüchten"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "ausweichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "umgehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "aus dem Weg gehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "entkommen"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apofévgo",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "αποφεύγω"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "schivare"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "eludere"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "evada"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbegátʹ",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избега́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbežátʹ",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избежа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "utekať"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "kaçmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To screen, hide."
],
"id": "en-shun-en-verb-en:screen__hide",
"links": [
[
"screen",
"screen"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To screen, hide."
],
"senseid": [
"en:screen, hide"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zakrýt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zakrývat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ukrýt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ukrývat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "abschirmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "verstecken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "unsichtbar machen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "stigmatizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "ascunde"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To shove, push."
],
"id": "en-shun-en-verb-en:shove__push",
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shove, push."
],
"senseid": [
"en:shove, push"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to shove, push",
"word": "stoßen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to shove, push",
"word": "schieben"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 98",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shove, push",
"word": "împinge"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʌn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-shun.ogg/En-us-shun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-shun.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "shun"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "shun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "しゅん"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of しゅん"
],
"id": "en-shun-ja-romanization-gDFFRzc5",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"しゅん",
"しゅん#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "shun"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"notr": "1"
},
"expansion": "shun",
"name": "cmn-pinyin"
}
],
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "shǔn"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of shǔn."
],
"id": "en-shun-cmn-romanization-dvma~Amb",
"links": [
[
"shǔn",
"shǔn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "shùn"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of shùn."
],
"id": "en-shun-cmn-romanization-DuS203IW",
"links": [
[
"shùn",
"shùn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "shun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Hanyu Pinyin",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn",
"Rhymes:English/ʌn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "shunless"
},
{
"word": "shunnable"
},
{
"word": "shunner"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "shonen",
"4": "shǒnen",
"t": "to decline to do, avoid, fear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, avoid, fear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċunian",
"t": "to shun, fear, avoid"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċunian (“to shun, fear, avoid”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skū̌hnōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *skū̌hnōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skū̌hnijan"
},
"expansion": "*skū̌hnijan",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skeuhnēn",
"t": "to frighten, fear"
},
"expansion": "*skeuhnēn (“to frighten, fear”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skuhaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skuhaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skeuhaz",
"t": "timid, fearful, shy"
},
"expansion": "*skeuhaz (“timid, fearful, shy”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kewH-",
"4": "*(s)kewdʰ-",
"t": "to cover, wrap, encase"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kewH-",
"3": "",
"4": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hȳdan",
"3": "",
"4": "to hide, conceal, preserve"
},
"expansion": "Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, avoid, fear”), from Old English sċunian (“to shun, fear, avoid”), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-West Germanic *skū̌hnōn, *skū̌hnijan, *skeuhnēn (“to frighten, fear”), from Proto-Germanic *skuhaz, *skeuhaz (“timid, fearful, shy”).\nAlternatively, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewdʰ- (“to cover, wrap, encase”), from *(s)kewH- (“to cover, hide”); if so, cognate with Old English hȳdan (“to hide, conceal, preserve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shuns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shunning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shunned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shunned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shun (third-person singular simple present shuns, present participle shunning, simple past and past participle shunned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Acrophobes shun mountaineering.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848",
"text": "British journalists shun complete respectability, feeling a duty to be ready to savage the mighty, or rummage through their bins. Elsewhere in Europe, government contracts and subsidies ensure that press barons will only defy the mighty so far.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To avoid, especially persistently; ostracize."
],
"links": [
[
"avoid",
"avoid"
],
[
"persistently",
"persistently"
],
[
"ostracize",
"ostracize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To avoid, especially persistently; ostracize."
],
"senseid": [
"en:avoid, ostracize"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To escape (a threatening evil, an unwelcome task etc)."
],
"links": [
[
"escape",
"escape"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To escape (a threatening evil, an unwelcome task etc)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:escape"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To screen, hide."
],
"links": [
[
"screen",
"screen"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To screen, hide."
],
"senseid": [
"en:screen, hide"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To shove, push."
],
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shove, push."
],
"senseid": [
"en:shove, push"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃʌn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-shun.ogg/En-us-shun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-shun.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otbjagvam",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "отбягвам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "out of fear",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wèibì",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "畏避"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "vyhnout se"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "vyhýbat se"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sky"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ontwijken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "vermijden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "karttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "éviter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "rejeter"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "aus dem Weg gehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ausweichen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "meiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "scheuen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "vermeiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ausstoßen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ausschließen"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "biwandjan",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apofévgo",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "αποφεύγω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "kerül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "elkerül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "visszariad"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "detestare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "imu",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "忌む"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kihi suru",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "忌避する"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "ēvītō"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "unngå"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sky"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "unikać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "stronić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evita"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbegátʹ",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избега́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbežátʹ",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избежа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "storonítʹsja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сторони́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osteregátʹsja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "остерега́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "beréčʹsja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бере́чься"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "vyhýbať sa"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "strániť sa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "evitar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sky"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "skygga"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "kaçınmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "sakınmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"word": "uzak durmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "curátysja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "цура́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "osterihátysja",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "остеріга́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "unykáty",
"sense": "to avoid, ostracize",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уника́ти"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "Izbjagvam",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "Избягвам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uniknout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "unikat"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "fuir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "esquiver"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "escapar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "flüchten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "ausweichen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "umgehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "aus dem Weg gehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "entkommen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apofévgo",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "αποφεύγω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "schivare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "eludere"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "evada"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbegátʹ",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избега́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izbežátʹ",
"sense": "to escape",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избежа́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "utekať"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to escape",
"word": "kaçmak"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zakrýt"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zakrývat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ukrýt"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ukrývat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schovat"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "abschirmen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "verstecken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "unsichtbar machen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "stigmatizzare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to screen, hide",
"word": "ascunde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to shove, push",
"word": "stoßen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to shove, push",
"word": "schieben"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to shove, push",
"word": "împinge"
}
],
"word": "shun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanyu Pinyin"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "shun",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "しゅん"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of しゅん"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"しゅん",
"しゅん#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "shun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hanyu Pinyin",
"Mandarin entries with incorrect language header",
"Mandarin non-lemma forms",
"Mandarin terms with redundant script codes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"notr": "1"
},
"expansion": "shun",
"name": "cmn-pinyin"
}
],
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "shǔn"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of shǔn."
],
"links": [
[
"shǔn",
"shǔn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "shùn"
}
],
"categories": [
"Mandarin nonstandard forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Nonstandard spelling of shùn."
],
"links": [
[
"shùn",
"shùn#Mandarin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"word": "shun"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.