"rugose" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rugose mosaic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rugosimeter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rugulose"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rūgōsus",
        "t": "wrinkled"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rūgōsus (“wrinkled”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin rūgōsus (“wrinkled”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more rugose",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most rugose",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "rugose (comparative more rugose, superlative most rugose)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having rugae or wrinkles, creases, ridges, or corrugation."
      ],
      "id": "en-rugose-en-adj-NXBZ7Lqx",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruga",
          "ruga"
        ],
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ],
        [
          "crease",
          "crease"
        ],
        [
          "ridge",
          "ridge"
        ],
        [
          "corrugation",
          "corrugation"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "53 4 16 12 16",
          "sense": "having rugae",
          "word": "bewrinkled"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "49 4 17 16 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sbrǎčkan",
          "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
          "word": "сбръчкан"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 4 17 16 14",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nagǎnat",
          "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
          "word": "нагънат"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 4 17 16 14",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
          "word": "rocach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 4 17 16 14",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rūgōsus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 4 17 16 14",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
          "word": "rugoso"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Rugged, rough, unrefined."
      ],
      "id": "en-rugose-en-adj-1XHagTgc",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, rare) Rugged, rough, unrefined."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 73 12 6 6",
          "sense": "rugged, rough",
          "word": "coarse"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "en:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1751, anonymous author, A General Natural History: Or, New and Accurate Descriptions Of The Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals, Of the Different Parts of the World, Thomas Osborne, pages 261–",
          "text": "Petraea foliis rugosis ovatis. The oval, rugose-leaved Petraea. The root is brachiated; the shrub rises to ten feet high: the leaves are three inches long, an inch and a half broad, even at the edges, and very rough to the touch: (Note: In modern nomenclature, the plant in question probably is Petrea rugosa, as the spelling \"Petraea\" does not seem to match any extant genus,)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1866, Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Transactions of the Botanical Society, pages 459–",
          "text": "The original leaves were flat and very rugose, and almost hid by the numerous single-stemmed flowers; while the leaves produced in the umbellate state were larger, more upright, and less wrinkled.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having a rough, wrinkled, or wavy surface; commonly in parasynthetic usage e.g. \"rugose-veined\" or \"rugose-leaved\"."
      ],
      "id": "en-rugose-en-adj-ydYjehLH",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ],
        [
          "parasynthetic",
          "parasynthetic#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) Having a rough, wrinkled, or wavy surface; commonly in parasynthetic usage e.g. \"rugose-veined\" or \"rugose-leaved\"."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "11 12 62 4 11",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "having a rough wrinkled surface",
          "word": "rocach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "11 12 62 4 11",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "having a rough wrinkled surface",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rūgōsus"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Paleontology",
          "orig": "en:Paleontology",
          "parents": [
            "Geology",
            "Sciences",
            "Earth sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †Rugosa (also called Tetracoralla), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges."
      ],
      "id": "en-rugose-en-adj-gLpjEdDM",
      "links": [
        [
          "paleontology",
          "paleontology"
        ],
        [
          "Rugosa",
          "Rugosa#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(paleontology) Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †Rugosa (also called Tetracoralla), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "paleontology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Entomology",
          "orig": "en:Entomology",
          "parents": [
            "Arthropodology",
            "Zoology",
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 13 10 26 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used when combined with another adjective, for example, rugose-reticulate or rugose-punctate."
      ],
      "id": "en-rugose-en-adj-8T7XAbDv",
      "links": [
        [
          "entomology",
          "entomology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(entomology) Used when combined with another adjective, for example, rugose-reticulate or rugose-punctate."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "entomology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹʊˈɡəʊs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɹuːˈɡoʊs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-rugose.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/En-us-rugose.ogg/En-us-rugose.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/En-us-rugose.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (U.S.)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "purfly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrinkly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrinkled"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "harsh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "squarrose"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "rough"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugose"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "rugose f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rugoso"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of rugoso"
      ],
      "id": "en-rugose-it-adj-PS5XdUaO",
      "links": [
        [
          "rugoso",
          "rugoso#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugose"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūgōse",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "rūgōse"
      },
      "expansion": "rūgōse",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rūgōsus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vocative masculine singular of rūgōsus"
      ],
      "id": "en-rugose-la-adj-oS3JblwR",
      "links": [
        [
          "rūgōsus",
          "rugosus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugose"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊs",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊs/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "rugose mosaic"
    },
    {
      "word": "rugosimeter"
    },
    {
      "word": "rugulose"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rūgōsus",
        "t": "wrinkled"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin rūgōsus (“wrinkled”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin rūgōsus (“wrinkled”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more rugose",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most rugose",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "rugose (comparative more rugose, superlative most rugose)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having rugae or wrinkles, creases, ridges, or corrugation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruga",
          "ruga"
        ],
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ],
        [
          "crease",
          "crease"
        ],
        [
          "ridge",
          "ridge"
        ],
        [
          "corrugation",
          "corrugation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rugged, rough, unrefined."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, rare) Rugged, rough, unrefined."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1751, anonymous author, A General Natural History: Or, New and Accurate Descriptions Of The Animals, Vegetables, and Minerals, Of the Different Parts of the World, Thomas Osborne, pages 261–",
          "text": "Petraea foliis rugosis ovatis. The oval, rugose-leaved Petraea. The root is brachiated; the shrub rises to ten feet high: the leaves are three inches long, an inch and a half broad, even at the edges, and very rough to the touch: (Note: In modern nomenclature, the plant in question probably is Petrea rugosa, as the spelling \"Petraea\" does not seem to match any extant genus,)",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1866, Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Transactions of the Botanical Society, pages 459–",
          "text": "The original leaves were flat and very rugose, and almost hid by the numerous single-stemmed flowers; while the leaves produced in the umbellate state were larger, more upright, and less wrinkled.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having a rough, wrinkled, or wavy surface; commonly in parasynthetic usage e.g. \"rugose-veined\" or \"rugose-leaved\"."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "rough",
          "rough"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ],
        [
          "parasynthetic",
          "parasynthetic#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) Having a rough, wrinkled, or wavy surface; commonly in parasynthetic usage e.g. \"rugose-veined\" or \"rugose-leaved\"."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (order)",
        "en:Paleontology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †Rugosa (also called Tetracoralla), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "paleontology",
          "paleontology"
        ],
        [
          "Rugosa",
          "Rugosa#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(paleontology) Describing a fossil coral of the extinct order †Rugosa (also called Tetracoralla), this order has horn-shaped corals with surfaces covered with ridges."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "natural-sciences",
        "paleontology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Entomology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used when combined with another adjective, for example, rugose-reticulate or rugose-punctate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "entomology",
          "entomology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(entomology) Used when combined with another adjective, for example, rugose-reticulate or rugose-punctate."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "entomology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹʊˈɡəʊs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌɹuːˈɡoʊs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊs"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-rugose.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/En-us-rugose.ogg/En-us-rugose.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/En-us-rugose.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (U.S.)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "having rugae",
      "word": "bewrinkled"
    },
    {
      "word": "purfly"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrinkly"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrinkled"
    },
    {
      "sense": "rugged, rough",
      "word": "coarse"
    },
    {
      "word": "harsh"
    },
    {
      "word": "squarrose"
    },
    {
      "word": "rough"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sbrǎčkan",
      "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
      "word": "сбръчкан"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nagǎnat",
      "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
      "word": "нагънат"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
      "word": "rocach"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rūgōsus"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having wrinkles, creases, or ridges",
      "word": "rugoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "having a rough wrinkled surface",
      "word": "rocach"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "having a rough wrinkled surface",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rūgōsus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugose"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "g": "f-p"
      },
      "expansion": "rugose f pl",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian adjective forms",
        "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Italian non-lemma forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rugoso"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine plural of rugoso"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rugoso",
          "rugoso#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugose"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rūgōse",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "rūgōse"
      },
      "expansion": "rūgōse",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin adjective forms",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin non-lemma forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "rūgōsus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vocative masculine singular of rūgōsus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rūgōsus",
          "rugosus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugose"
}