See rubus on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rubus meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the genus name, from Latin rubus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubuses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rubus (plural rubuses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the genus Rubus of flowering plants, including the raspberry and blackberry."
],
"id": "en-rubus-en-noun-TQPAiIev",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Rubus",
"Rubus#Translingual"
],
[
"flowering plant",
"flowering plant"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Any of the genus Rubus of flowering plants, including the raspberry and blackberry."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arug",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: arug, rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: arug, rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rubus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rubus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "rubo"
},
"expansion": "Interlingua: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Interlingua: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rovo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rubo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "rubus"
},
"expansion": "Translingual: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: rubus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥dʰo-",
"4": "",
"5": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "erre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian erre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "orr",
"3": "",
"4": "bush"
},
"expansion": "orr (“bush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hurdhe",
"3": "",
"4": "ivy"
},
"expansion": "Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*vr̥dah",
"3": "",
"4": "flower, rose"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "word",
"3": "",
"4": "thornbush"
},
"expansion": "Old English word (“thornbush”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare dialectal Norwegian erre, orr (“bush”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”), Old English word (“thornbush”)). See rose.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"expansion": "rubus m (genitive rubī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi et videbat quod rubus arderet et non conbureretur (Exodus 3:2, Vulgate)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bramble, blackberry bush"
],
"id": "en-rubus-la-noun-2SZ22K1f",
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "la:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a blackberry (fruit), raspberry (fruit)"
],
"id": "en-rubus-la-noun-1-EerkgZ",
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊbʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːbus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "rubus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "robous"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of robous"
],
"id": "en-rubus-enm-noun-MeLQJ~Uh",
"links": [
[
"robous",
"robous#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the genus name, from Latin rubus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubuses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rubus (plural rubuses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the genus Rubus of flowering plants, including the raspberry and blackberry."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Rubus",
"Rubus#Translingual"
],
[
"flowering plant",
"flowering plant"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Any of the genus Rubus of flowering plants, including the raspberry and blackberry."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Fruits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rubētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arug",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: arug, rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: arug, rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rubus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rubus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "rubo"
},
"expansion": "Interlingua: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Interlingua: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rovo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rovo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rubo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "rubus"
},
"expansion": "Translingual: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Translingual: rubus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥dʰo-",
"4": "",
"5": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "erre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian erre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "orr",
"3": "",
"4": "bush"
},
"expansion": "orr (“bush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hurdhe",
"3": "",
"4": "ivy"
},
"expansion": "Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*vr̥dah",
"3": "",
"4": "flower, rose"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "word",
"3": "",
"4": "thornbush"
},
"expansion": "Old English word (“thornbush”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare dialectal Norwegian erre, orr (“bush”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”), Old English word (“thornbush”)). See rose.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"expansion": "rubus m (genitive rubī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi et videbat quod rubus arderet et non conbureretur (Exodus 3:2, Vulgate)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bramble, blackberry bush"
],
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a blackberry (fruit), raspberry (fruit)"
],
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊbʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːbus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "rubus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "robous"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of robous"
],
"links": [
[
"robous",
"robous#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.