See rubus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "arug"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "rug"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rovo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rogo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "rug"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "ru"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubus"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubus"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sweetbriar",
"sweetbriar"
],
[
"erre",
"erre#Norwegian"
],
[
"orr",
"orr#Norwegian"
],
[
"hurdhe",
"hurdhe#Albanian"
],
[
"*vr̥dah",
"Reconstruction:Old Persian/vr̥dah"
],
[
"word",
"word#Old_English"
],
[
"*Hwerdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hwerdʰ-"
],
[
"rosa",
"rosa#Latin"
],
[
"rrabe",
"rrabe#Albanian"
],
[
"maquis",
"maquis"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(H)wr̥dʰo-",
"t": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "erre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian erre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hurdhe",
"3": "",
"4": "ivy"
},
"expansion": "Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*vr̥dah",
"3": "",
"4": "flower, rose"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "word",
"3": "",
"4": "thornbush"
},
"expansion": "Old English word (“thornbush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rosa",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "rosa",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrabe",
"3": "",
"4": "maquis, rocky desert with shrubs"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rrabe (“maquis, rocky desert with shrubs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "heath, shrub"
},
"expansion": "“heath, shrub”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare dialectal Norwegian erre, orr (“bush”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”), Old English word (“thornbush”)), from a root *Hwerdʰ- (“to grow?”). See rosa.\nAlternatively of a substrate origin shared with Albanian rrabe (“maquis, rocky desert with shrubs”), assuming an earlier meaning *“heath, shrub”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōrum",
"links": [
[
"rubōrum",
"ruborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"links": [
[
"rubō",
"rubo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"links": [
[
"rubīs",
"rubis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōs",
"links": [
[
"rubōs",
"rubos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"links": [
[
"rubō",
"rubo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"links": [
[
"rubīs",
"rubis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"expansion": "rubus m (genitive rubī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Berries",
"orig": "la:Berries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "la:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi et videbat quod rubus arderet et non conbureretur (Exodus 3:2, Vulgate)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bramble, blackberry bush"
],
"id": "en-rubus-la-noun-2SZ22K1f",
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Berries",
"orig": "la:Berries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "la:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a blackberry (fruit), raspberry (fruit)"
],
"id": "en-rubus-la-noun-1-EerkgZ",
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊ.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruː.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin doublets",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Berries",
"la:Fruits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rubētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "arug"
},
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "rug"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rovo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rogo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "rug"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "ru"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubus"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubo"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rubus"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sweetbriar",
"sweetbriar"
],
[
"erre",
"erre#Norwegian"
],
[
"orr",
"orr#Norwegian"
],
[
"hurdhe",
"hurdhe#Albanian"
],
[
"*vr̥dah",
"Reconstruction:Old Persian/vr̥dah"
],
[
"word",
"word#Old_English"
],
[
"*Hwerdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hwerdʰ-"
],
[
"rosa",
"rosa#Latin"
],
[
"rrabe",
"rrabe#Albanian"
],
[
"maquis",
"maquis"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(H)wr̥dʰo-",
"t": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "erre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian erre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hurdhe",
"3": "",
"4": "ivy"
},
"expansion": "Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*vr̥dah",
"3": "",
"4": "flower, rose"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "word",
"3": "",
"4": "thornbush"
},
"expansion": "Old English word (“thornbush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rosa",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "rosa",
"name": "dbt"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrabe",
"3": "",
"4": "maquis, rocky desert with shrubs"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rrabe (“maquis, rocky desert with shrubs”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "heath, shrub"
},
"expansion": "“heath, shrub”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare dialectal Norwegian erre, orr (“bush”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”), Old English word (“thornbush”)), from a root *Hwerdʰ- (“to grow?”). See rosa.\nAlternatively of a substrate origin shared with Albanian rrabe (“maquis, rocky desert with shrubs”), assuming an earlier meaning *“heath, shrub”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōrum",
"links": [
[
"rubōrum",
"ruborum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"links": [
[
"rubō",
"rubo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"links": [
[
"rubīs",
"rubis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōs",
"links": [
[
"rubōs",
"rubos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"links": [
[
"rubō",
"rubo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"links": [
[
"rubīs",
"rubis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"links": [
[
"rubī",
"rubi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"expansion": "rubus m (genitive rubī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi et videbat quod rubus arderet et non conbureretur (Exodus 3:2, Vulgate)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bramble, blackberry bush"
],
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a blackberry (fruit), raspberry (fruit)"
],
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊ.bʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruː.bus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rubus meaning in Latin (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.