See rubus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rubētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arug",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: arug, rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: arug, rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovo",
"3": "rogo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rovo, rogo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rovo, rogo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rubus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rubus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "rubo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rubo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rubo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "rubus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: rubus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥dʰo-",
"4": "",
"5": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "erre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian erre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hurdhe",
"3": "",
"4": "ivy"
},
"expansion": "Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*vr̥dah",
"3": "",
"4": "flower, rose"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "word",
"3": "",
"4": "thornbush"
},
"expansion": "Old English word (“thornbush”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare dialectal Norwegian erre, orr (“bush”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”), Old English word (“thornbush”)). See rose.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"expansion": "rubus m (genitive rubī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "la:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi et videbat quod rubus arderet et non conbureretur (Exodus 3:2, Vulgate)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bramble, blackberry bush"
],
"id": "en-rubus-la-noun-2SZ22K1f",
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a blackberry (fruit), raspberry (fruit)"
],
"id": "en-rubus-la-noun-1-EerkgZ",
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊbʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːbus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Fruits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rubētum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arug",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: arug, rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: arug, rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovo",
"3": "rogo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: rovo, rogo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: rovo, rogo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rubus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: rubus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "rubo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Interlingua: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Interlingua: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rubo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rubo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: rubo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: rubo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "rubus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: rubus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: rubus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥dʰo-",
"4": "",
"5": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "erre"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian erre",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "hurdhe",
"3": "",
"4": "ivy"
},
"expansion": "Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "*vr̥dah",
"3": "",
"4": "flower, rose"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "word",
"3": "",
"4": "thornbush"
},
"expansion": "Old English word (“thornbush”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”) (compare dialectal Norwegian erre, orr (“bush”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”), Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower, rose”), Old English word (“thornbush”)). See rose.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rubī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rubus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rubō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rubīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rube",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rubī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"expansion": "rubus m (genitive rubī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rubus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Apparuitque ei Dominus in flamma ignis de medio rubi et videbat quod rubus arderet et non conbureretur (Exodus 3:2, Vulgate)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bramble, blackberry bush"
],
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
],
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a blackberry (fruit), raspberry (fruit)"
],
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊbʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.bus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːbus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rubus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rubus meaning in Latin (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.