See perspective on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perspectival"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perspectivism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "point-projection perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "side-perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twisted perspective"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perspective",
"4": "perspective, perspectif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perspective, perspectif",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perspectiva",
"4": "perspectiva ars",
"5": "science of optics"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perspectivus",
"4": "",
"5": "of sight, optical"
},
"expansion": "Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prospettiva"
},
"expansion": "Italian prospettiva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perspective, perspectif, attested since 1381, from Old French or Middle French, from the first word of the Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”), the feminine of Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”), from perspectus, the past participle of perspicere (“to inspect, look through”), itself from per- (“through”) + specere (“to look at”); the noun sense was influenced or mediated by Italian prospettiva, from prospetto (“prospect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perspectives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "perspective (countable and uncountable, plural perspectives)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linear perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "metaperspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "microperspective"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "atmospheric perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "forced perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "in perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "isometric perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perspicacious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perspicacity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perspicuity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perspicuous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perspicuously"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "put something into perspective"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "two-point perspective"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A view, vista or outlook."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-rUzIkAQZ",
"links": [
[
"view",
"view"
],
[
"vista",
"vista"
],
[
"outlook",
"outlook"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "manẓūr",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَنْظُور"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "heṙankar",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "հեռանկար"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пэрспэкты́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výhljad",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́гляд"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "udsigt"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspektiv"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "sinteno"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "näkymä"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aussicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "perspektif"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "punkt widzenia"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspektywa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vid",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вид"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obzór",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обзо́р"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rákurs",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ра́курс"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "perspektif"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ohljád",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "огля́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 4 1 1 9 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rákurs",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "ра́курс"
}
]
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],
"glosses": [
"The appearance of depth in objects, especially as perceived using binocular vision."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-2vNH6JtK",
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"perceive",
"perceive"
],
[
"binocular",
"binocular"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspeutiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "dieptezicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "perspektiivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "syvyysvaikutelma"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perspektive"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "prooptikí",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "προοπτική"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 73 6 8 2 4 1 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-oIrymcoi",
"links": [
[
"technique",
"technique"
],
[
"representing",
"representing"
],
[
"three-dimensional",
"three-dimensional"
],
[
"two-dimensional",
"two-dimensional"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspeutiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proekcija",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "проекция"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspektiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "doorzichtkunde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "perspektiivikuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "projektio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perspektive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "perspektif"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "projékcija",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прое́кция"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspektíva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "sawang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "ทัศนมิติ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 3 80 9 1 1 1 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "proékcija",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "прое́кція"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An artwork that represents three-dimensional objects in this way."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-o5frHlej",
"links": [
[
"artwork",
"artwork"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) An artwork that represents three-dimensional objects in this way."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The choice of a single angle or point of view from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-DCvXCGAm",
"links": [
[
"point of view",
"point of view"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"categorize",
"categorize"
],
[
"measure",
"measure"
],
[
"codify",
"codify"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The choice of a single angle or point of view from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ditankyun",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "դիտանկյուն"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "näkökulma"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perspektive"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mum-mɔɔng",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "มุมมอง"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 3 1 2 76 2 2 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
}
]
},
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],
"glosses": [
"The ability to consider things in such relative perspective."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-WKGEAyv1",
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"ref": "1645, Joseph Hall, The Peace-Maker:",
"text": "[…] our predecessors; who could never have believed, that there were such lunets about some of the planets, as our late perspectives have descried […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A perspective glass."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-Tw6mRBGz",
"links": [
[
"perspective glass",
"perspective glass"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sound recording technique to adjust and integrate sound sources seemingly naturally."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-noun-RI6LODod",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"recording",
"recording"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perspective.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg/En-us-perspective.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perspective",
"4": "perspective, perspectif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perspective, perspectif",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perspectiva",
"4": "perspectiva ars",
"5": "science of optics"
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"expansion": "Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”)",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "perspectivus",
"4": "",
"5": "of sight, optical"
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"expansion": "Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prospettiva"
},
"expansion": "Italian prospettiva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perspective, perspectif, attested since 1381, from Old French or Middle French, from the first word of the Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”), the feminine of Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”), from perspectus, the past participle of perspicere (“to inspect, look through”), itself from per- (“through”) + specere (“to look at”); the noun sense was influenced or mediated by Italian prospettiva, from prospetto (“prospect”).",
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"expansion": "perspective (not comparable)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "omnispective"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perspective drawing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, in or relating to perspective."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-adj-q6wEpQoT",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíven",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "перспекти́вен"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspektivisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspectivisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspectif"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspectivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspéctico"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 31 3 31 3 9 3 9 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 31 3 31 3 9 3 9 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "2 31 3 32 3 8 3 9 5 3",
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{
"_dis": "2 31 3 31 3 9 3 9 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 27 2 27 3 7 3 20 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "2 31 4 31 3 9 3 10 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 34 3 33 2 8 2 10 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 32 4 33 3 9 3 10 3 3",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 31 3 31 3 9 3 9 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 31 3 30 3 9 3 9 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 28 4 32 4 9 4 11 3 4",
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"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 33 3 32 3 8 3 9 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 34 3 33 3 8 2 10 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 30 6 30 4 8 3 9 5 4",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 30 3 30 3 7 3 16 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 34 3 33 3 8 2 10 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 33 3 32 3 8 3 9 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 37 3 32 2 9 2 9 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "2 31 3 31 3 9 3 10 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 33 3 32 3 8 3 9 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "1 32 3 32 3 8 3 9 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 31 3 31 3 9 3 9 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Seeming Wise”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "perspective glasses",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Providing visual aid; of or relating to the science of vision; optical."
],
"id": "en-perspective-en-adj-jfvyx3KY",
"links": [
[
"visual",
"visual"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"optical",
"optical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Providing visual aid; of or relating to the science of vision; optical."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perspective.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg/En-us-perspective.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "en perspective"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "perspektif",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: perspektif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: perspektif"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "perspectīvus"
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"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin perspectīvus",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin perspectīvus, from perspiciō",
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{
"form": "perspectives",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"expansion": "perspective f (plural perspectives)",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-perspective-fr-noun-dEJUIRFl",
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{
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}
],
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"english": "She was frightened at the prospect of losing her job.",
"text": "Elle était très effrayée par la perspective de perdre son emploi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prospect"
],
"id": "en-perspective-fr-noun-QFQvfmue",
"links": [
[
"prospect",
"prospect"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛʁ.spɛk.tiv/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-perspective.ogg",
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{
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"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin perspectīvus",
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],
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perspectif"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of perspectif"
],
"id": "en-perspective-fr-adj-n-75V5qi",
"links": [
[
"perspectif",
"perspectif#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛʁ.spɛk.tiv/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-perspective.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Fr-perspective.ogg/Fr-perspective.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Fr-perspective.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "perspective",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 27 2 17 2 7 2 4 2 1 1 1 3 27 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
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"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perspectivar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of perspectivar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-perspective-pt-verb-Rf-N36Xp",
"links": [
[
"perspectivar",
"perspectivar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perspectivar"
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"inflection of perspectivar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-perspective-pt-verb-44SafWoe",
"links": [
[
"perspectivar",
"perspectivar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
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"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
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}
],
"word": "perspective"
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{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speḱ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "perspectival"
},
{
"word": "perspectivism"
},
{
"word": "point-projection perspective"
},
{
"word": "side-perspective"
},
{
"word": "twisted perspective"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perspective",
"4": "perspective, perspectif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perspective, perspectif",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perspectiva",
"4": "perspectiva ars",
"5": "science of optics"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perspectivus",
"4": "",
"5": "of sight, optical"
},
"expansion": "Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prospettiva"
},
"expansion": "Italian prospettiva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perspective, perspectif, attested since 1381, from Old French or Middle French, from the first word of the Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”), the feminine of Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”), from perspectus, the past participle of perspicere (“to inspect, look through”), itself from per- (“through”) + specere (“to look at”); the noun sense was influenced or mediated by Italian prospettiva, from prospetto (“prospect”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perspectives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "perspective (countable and uncountable, plural perspectives)",
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}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "linear perspective"
},
{
"word": "metaperspective"
},
{
"word": "microperspective"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "atmospheric perspective"
},
{
"word": "forced perspective"
},
{
"word": "in perspective"
},
{
"word": "isometric perspective"
},
{
"word": "perspicacious"
},
{
"word": "perspicacity"
},
{
"word": "perspicuity"
},
{
"word": "perspicuous"
},
{
"word": "perspicuously"
},
{
"word": "put something into perspective"
},
{
"word": "two-point perspective"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A view, vista or outlook."
],
"links": [
[
"view",
"view"
],
[
"vista",
"vista"
],
[
"outlook",
"outlook"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The appearance of depth in objects, especially as perceived using binocular vision."
],
"links": [
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
],
[
"depth",
"depth"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"perceive",
"perceive"
],
[
"binocular",
"binocular"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface."
],
"links": [
[
"technique",
"technique"
],
[
"representing",
"representing"
],
[
"three-dimensional",
"three-dimensional"
],
[
"two-dimensional",
"two-dimensional"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"An artwork that represents three-dimensional objects in this way."
],
"links": [
[
"artwork",
"artwork"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) An artwork that represents three-dimensional objects in this way."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"dated",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The choice of a single angle or point of view from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience."
],
"links": [
[
"point of view",
"point of view"
],
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"categorize",
"categorize"
],
[
"measure",
"measure"
],
[
"codify",
"codify"
],
[
"experience",
"experience"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The choice of a single angle or point of view from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The ability to consider things in such relative perspective."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1645, Joseph Hall, The Peace-Maker:",
"text": "[…] our predecessors; who could never have believed, that there were such lunets about some of the planets, as our late perspectives have descried […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A perspective glass."
],
"links": [
[
"perspective glass",
"perspective glass"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sound recording technique to adjust and integrate sound sources seemingly naturally."
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"recording",
"recording"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perspective.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg/En-us-perspective.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "manẓūr",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مَنْظُور"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "heṙankar",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "հեռանկար"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пэрспэкты́ва"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výhljad",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́гляд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "udsigt"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspektiv"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "sinteno"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "näkymä"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Aussicht"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "perspektif"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "punkt widzenia"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspektywa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vid",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вид"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obzór",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обзо́р"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rákurs",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ра́курс"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "perspektif"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ohljád",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "огля́д"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rákurs",
"sense": "view, vista or outlook",
"word": "ра́курс"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspeutiva"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "dieptezicht"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "perspektiivi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "syvyysvaikutelma"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perspektive"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "prooptikí",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "προοπτική"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "appearance of depth in objects",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspeutiva"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proekcija",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "проекция"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspektiva"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "doorzichtkunde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "perspektiivikuva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "projektio"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perspektive"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "perspektif"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "projékcija",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прое́кция"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspektíva"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "sawang"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "ทัศนมิติ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "proékcija",
"sense": "technique of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface",
"word": "прое́кція"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ditankyun",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "դիտանկյուն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "perspectief"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "näkökulma"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Perspektive"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "prospettiva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspectiva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "perspetiva"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "perspektíva",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "перспекти́ва"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mum-mɔɔng",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "มุมมอง"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "perspektýva",
"sense": "choice of a single point of view",
"word": "перспекти́ва"
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speḱ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Spanish translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "perspective",
"4": "perspective, perspectif"
},
"expansion": "Middle English perspective, perspectif",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "perspectiva",
"4": "perspectiva ars",
"5": "science of optics"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "perspectivus",
"4": "",
"5": "of sight, optical"
},
"expansion": "Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prospettiva"
},
"expansion": "Italian prospettiva",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English perspective, perspectif, attested since 1381, from Old French or Middle French, from the first word of the Medieval Latin perspectiva ars (“science of optics”), the feminine of Latin perspectivus (“of sight, optical”), from perspectus, the past participle of perspicere (“to inspect, look through”), itself from per- (“through”) + specere (“to look at”); the noun sense was influenced or mediated by Italian prospettiva, from prospetto (“prospect”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "perspective (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "omnispective"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a perspective drawing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, in or relating to perspective."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Seeming Wise”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:",
"text": "perspective glasses",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Providing visual aid; of or relating to the science of vision; optical."
],
"links": [
[
"visual",
"visual"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"optical",
"optical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Providing visual aid; of or relating to the science of vision; optical."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-perspective.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg/En-us-perspective.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-perspective.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "perspektíven",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "перспекти́вен"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspektivisk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspectivisch"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspectif"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspectivo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of, in or relating to perspective",
"word": "perspéctico"
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French learned borrowings from Latin",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "en perspective"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "perspektiv",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: perspektiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: perspektiv"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "perspektif",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: perspektif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: perspektif"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "perspectīvus"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin perspectīvus",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin perspectīvus, from perspiciō",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perspectives",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "perspective f (plural perspectives)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"perspective"
],
"links": [
[
"perspective",
"perspective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She was frightened at the prospect of losing her job.",
"text": "Elle était très effrayée par la perspective de perdre son emploi.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prospect"
],
"links": [
[
"prospect",
"prospect"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛʁ.spɛk.tiv/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-perspective.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Fr-perspective.ogg/Fr-perspective.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Fr-perspective.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French learned borrowings from Latin",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "perspectīvus"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin perspectīvus",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin perspectīvus, from perspiciō",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "perspective",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perspectif"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of perspectif"
],
"links": [
[
"perspectif",
"perspectif#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛʁ.spɛk.tiv/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-perspective.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Fr-perspective.ogg/Fr-perspective.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Fr-perspective.ogg"
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "perspective",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perspectivar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of perspectivar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"perspectivar",
"perspectivar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "perspectivar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of perspectivar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"perspectivar",
"perspectivar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "perspective"
}
Download raw JSONL data for perspective meaning in All languages combined (26.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.