See patella on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nail-patella syndrome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patella femoral pain syndrome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patellar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patellar reflex"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patellate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peth₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "patella",
"4": "",
"5": "a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella"
},
"expansion": "Latin patella (“a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paella"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of paella",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patella (“a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella”), diminutive of patina (“a broad shallow dish, pan”). Doublet of paella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patellas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "patellae"
},
"expansion": "patella (plural patellas or patellae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chondromalacia patellae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nail-patella syndrome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patella femoral pain syndrome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patellar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patellar reflex"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patellate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "en:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "54 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 11 20 7 7 5 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 7 24 4 5 4 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Ann Seranne, The Joy of Breeding Your Own Show Dog, page 188:",
"text": "Subluxed patellas, more commonly referred to as slipped stifles, like all inherited factors will continue to cripple a breed as long as breeders continue to mate affected animals.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2005, Roger E. Stevenson, 20: Limbs, Roger E. Stevenson, Judith G. Hall, Human Malformations and Related Anomalies, page 920,\nSince patella diameter is a feature of continuous variation, the majority of small patellas represent simply the lower extreme of normal anatomic variation."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Erik Trinkaus, “18: The Lower Limb Remains”, in Erik Trinkaus, Jiří Svoboda, editors, Early Modern Human Evolution in Central Europe, page 395:",
"text": "Both patellae are well preserved for Dolni Věstonice 3 and 13-15, and the left patella remains for Dolni Věstonice 16 (Figures 18.22 to 18.26).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, P. Tohomson, “14: Assessment of the paediatric patient”, in Ben Yates, editor, Merriman's Assessment of the Lower Limb, page 401:",
"text": "The patellae may be up to 30° externally rotated at birth. In young children it is considered normal for the patellae to be externally rotated, but by 5 years of age the patellae should face forwards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap."
],
"id": "en-patella-en-noun-vYej~UnF",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"sesamoid bone",
"sesamoid bone"
],
[
"knee",
"knee"
],
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "kneecap",
"word": "kneecap"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "kneecap",
"word": "kneepan"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"sense": "kneecap",
"word": "rotula"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A little dish or vase."
],
"id": "en-patella-en-noun-3u8o66Jp",
"links": [
[
"dish",
"dish"
],
[
"vase",
"vase"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pətĕl'ə",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈtɛlə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-patella.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"patella"
],
"word": "patella"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "patellas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patella (plural patellas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "type of boat",
"word": "putelee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of putelee (“type of boat”)"
],
"id": "en-patella-en-noun-y93NKxuM",
"links": [
[
"putelee",
"putelee#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"patella"
],
"word": "patella"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "patellare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "patella"
},
"expansion": "Latin patella",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patelle",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "patella f (plural patelle)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧tèl‧la"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "it:Skeleton",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "it:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"patella, kneecap, rotula"
],
"id": "en-patella-it-noun-I7mgtdrR",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"patella",
"patella#English"
],
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
],
[
"rotula",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) patella, kneecap, rotula"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Gastropods",
"orig": "it:Gastropods",
"parents": [
"Mollusks",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"limpet"
],
"id": "en-patella-it-noun-IJ1jQFRi",
"links": [
[
"limpet",
"limpet"
]
],
"qualifier": "mollusk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(mollusk) limpet"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈtɛl.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:patella"
],
"word": "patella"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"New-Latin"
],
"word": "patellula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "padella"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "padella"
},
"expansion": "Italian: padella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: padella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pateḍḍa",
"3": "padeḍḍa"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pateḍḍa, padeḍḍa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pateḍḍa, padeḍḍa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "padiele"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: padiele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: padiele"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "poêla",
"3": "paêla",
"4": "paila"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: poêla, paêla, paila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: poêla, paêla, paila"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pèila",
"3": "paila",
"4": "pèla",
"5": "pajela"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pèila, paila, pèla, pajela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pèila, paila, pèla, pajela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pateala",
"3": "patela",
"4": "patella"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pateala, patela, patella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pateala, patela, patella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "paeła"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: paeła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: paeła"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "péla",
"3": "péila",
"4": "paira"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: péla, péila, paira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: péla, péila, paira"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "paelle",
"3": "paielle",
"alt2": "païelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: paelle, païelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: paelle, païelle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "païelle",
"3": "poeille",
"4": "poile",
"5": "paele",
"6": "poesle"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: païelle, poeille, poile, paele, poesle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: païelle, poeille, poile, paele, poesle etc."
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poêle"
},
"expansion": "French: poêle\n→ South Slavey: libé\n→ Spanish: puela",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: poêle\n→ South Slavey: libé\n→ Spanish: puela"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "paêle",
"3": "pêle"
},
"expansion": "Norman: paêle, pêle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: paêle, pêle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "paella",
"3": "padella",
"4": "paiella",
"5": "pella"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: paella, padella, paiella, pella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: paella, padella, paiella, pella"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "paella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: paella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: paella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: paella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: paella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "padela"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: padela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: padela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "padèra"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: padèra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: padèra, padèira"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "paela"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: paela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: paela, padela, pela, piela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "peila"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: peila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: peila, pela, paela, padela"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "patela",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: patela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: patela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "patela",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: patela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: patela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "padela"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: padela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: padela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole",
"2": "padiella*"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese: padiella*",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese: padiella*"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "padiella",
"3": "payella"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: padiella, payella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: padiella, payella"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "paila"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: paila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: paila"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "padielha"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: padielha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: padielha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "padilla",
"3": "paila"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: padilla, paila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: padilla, paila"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "patella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: patella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: patella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "patelle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: patelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: patelle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάτελλα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: πάτελλα (pátella)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: πάτελλα (pátella)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "patelnia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: patelnia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: patelnia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "padell",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: padell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: padell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Patella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Patella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Patella"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-lus",
"alt2": "-la",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "+ -la (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From patina (“a broad shallow dish, pan”) or patera (“broad flat dish”) + -la (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patellae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "patella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "patella<1>"
},
"expansion": "patella f (genitive patellae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "patella<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 40 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 36 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a small or shallow pan or dish"
],
"id": "en-patella-la-noun-0hw9wYFS",
"links": [
[
"shallow",
"shallow"
],
[
"dish",
"dish"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 43 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the kneecap, patella"
],
"id": "en-patella-la-noun-LHdENpoK",
"links": [
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
],
[
"patella",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a disease of the olive tree"
],
"id": "en-patella-la-noun-XxecLNSu",
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"olive tree",
"olive tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈtel.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[päˈt̪ɛlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈtel.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[päˈt̪ɛlːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "patella"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peth₂-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "nail-patella syndrome"
},
{
"word": "patella femoral pain syndrome"
},
{
"word": "patellar"
},
{
"word": "patellar reflex"
},
{
"word": "patellate"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peth₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "patella",
"4": "",
"5": "a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella"
},
"expansion": "Latin patella (“a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paella"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of paella",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patella (“a small pan or dish, a plate; the kneepan, patella”), diminutive of patina (“a broad shallow dish, pan”). Doublet of paella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patellas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "patellae"
},
"expansion": "patella (plural patellas or patellae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chondromalacia patellae"
},
{
"word": "nail-patella syndrome"
},
{
"word": "patella femoral pain syndrome"
},
{
"word": "patellar"
},
{
"word": "patellar reflex"
},
{
"word": "patellate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Skeleton"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2004, Ann Seranne, The Joy of Breeding Your Own Show Dog, page 188:",
"text": "Subluxed patellas, more commonly referred to as slipped stifles, like all inherited factors will continue to cripple a breed as long as breeders continue to mate affected animals.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "2005, Roger E. Stevenson, 20: Limbs, Roger E. Stevenson, Judith G. Hall, Human Malformations and Related Anomalies, page 920,\nSince patella diameter is a feature of continuous variation, the majority of small patellas represent simply the lower extreme of normal anatomic variation."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Erik Trinkaus, “18: The Lower Limb Remains”, in Erik Trinkaus, Jiří Svoboda, editors, Early Modern Human Evolution in Central Europe, page 395:",
"text": "Both patellae are well preserved for Dolni Věstonice 3 and 13-15, and the left patella remains for Dolni Věstonice 16 (Figures 18.22 to 18.26).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, P. Tohomson, “14: Assessment of the paediatric patient”, in Ben Yates, editor, Merriman's Assessment of the Lower Limb, page 401:",
"text": "The patellae may be up to 30° externally rotated at birth. In young children it is considered normal for the patellae to be externally rotated, but by 5 years of age the patellae should face forwards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"sesamoid bone",
"sesamoid bone"
],
[
"knee",
"knee"
],
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The sesamoid bone of the knee; the kneecap."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A little dish or vase."
],
"links": [
[
"dish",
"dish"
],
[
"vase",
"vase"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "pətĕl'ə",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pəˈtɛlə/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-patella.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-patella.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "kneecap",
"word": "kneecap"
},
{
"sense": "kneecap",
"word": "kneepan"
},
{
"sense": "kneecap",
"word": "rotula"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"patella"
],
"word": "patella"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "patellas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "patella (plural patellas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "type of boat",
"word": "putelee"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of putelee (“type of boat”)"
],
"links": [
[
"putelee",
"putelee#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"patella"
],
"word": "patella"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 3-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian undefined derivations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛlla",
"Rhymes:Italian/ɛlla/3 syllables",
"it:Anatomy",
"it:Gastropods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "patellare"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "patella"
},
"expansion": "Latin patella",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin patella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patelle",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "patella f (plural patelle)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pa‧tèl‧la"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"it:Skeleton"
],
"glosses": [
"patella, kneecap, rotula"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"patella",
"patella#English"
],
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
],
[
"rotula",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) patella, kneecap, rotula"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"limpet"
],
"links": [
[
"limpet",
"limpet"
]
],
"qualifier": "mollusk",
"raw_glosses": [
"(mollusk) limpet"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈtɛl.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛlla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:patella"
],
"word": "patella"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"New-Latin"
],
"word": "patellula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "padella"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "padella"
},
"expansion": "Italian: padella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: padella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pateḍḍa",
"3": "padeḍḍa"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pateḍḍa, padeḍḍa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pateḍḍa, padeḍḍa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "padiele"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: padiele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: padiele"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "poêla",
"3": "paêla",
"4": "paila"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: poêla, paêla, paila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: poêla, paêla, paila"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pèila",
"3": "paila",
"4": "pèla",
"5": "pajela"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pèila, paila, pèla, pajela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pèila, paila, pèla, pajela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pateala",
"3": "patela",
"4": "patella"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pateala, patela, patella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pateala, patela, patella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "paeła"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: paeła",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: paeła"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "péla",
"3": "péila",
"4": "paira"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: péla, péila, paira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: péla, péila, paira"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "paelle",
"3": "paielle",
"alt2": "païelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French: paelle, païelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: paelle, païelle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "païelle",
"3": "poeille",
"4": "poile",
"5": "paele",
"6": "poesle"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: païelle, poeille, poile, paele, poesle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: païelle, poeille, poile, paele, poesle etc."
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "poêle"
},
"expansion": "French: poêle\n→ South Slavey: libé\n→ Spanish: puela",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "French: poêle\n→ South Slavey: libé\n→ Spanish: puela"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "paêle",
"3": "pêle"
},
"expansion": "Norman: paêle, pêle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: paêle, pêle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "paella",
"3": "padella",
"4": "paiella",
"5": "pella"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: paella, padella, paiella, pella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: paella, padella, paiella, pella"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "paella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: paella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: paella"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "paella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: paella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: paella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-auv",
"2": "padela"
},
"expansion": "Auvergnat: padela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Auvergnat: padela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "padèra"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: padèra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: padèra, padèira"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lan",
"2": "padèla"
},
"expansion": "Languedocien: padèla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Languedocien: padèla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-lim",
"2": "paela"
},
"expansion": "Limousin: paela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limousin: paela, padela, pela, piela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-viv",
"2": "peila"
},
"expansion": "Vivaro-Alpine: peila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vivaro-Alpine: peila, pela, paela, padela"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "patela",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: patela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: patela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "patela",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: patela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: patela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "padela"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: padela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: padela"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole",
"2": "padiella*"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese: padiella*",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese: padiella*"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "padiella",
"3": "payella"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: padiella, payella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: padiella, payella"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "paila"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: paila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: paila"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "padielha"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: padielha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: padielha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "padilla",
"3": "paila"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: padilla, paila",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: padilla, paila"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "patella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: patella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: patella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "patelle",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: patelle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: patelle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάτελλα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: πάτελλα (pátella)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: πάτελλα (pátella)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "patelnia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: patelnia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: patelnia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "padell",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: padell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: padell"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "Patella",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Translingual: Patella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Translingual: Patella"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-lus",
"alt2": "-la",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "+ -la (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From patina (“a broad shallow dish, pan”) or patera (“broad flat dish”) + -la (diminutive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patellae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "patella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patellā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "patellīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "patella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "patellae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "patella<1>"
},
"expansion": "patella f (genitive patellae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "patella<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a small or shallow pan or dish"
],
"links": [
[
"shallow",
"shallow"
],
[
"dish",
"dish"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the kneecap, patella"
],
"links": [
[
"kneecap",
"kneecap"
],
[
"patella",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a disease of the olive tree"
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"olive tree",
"olive tree"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/paˈtel.la/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[päˈt̪ɛlːʲä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/paˈtel.la/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[päˈt̪ɛlːä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "patella"
}
Download raw JSONL data for patella meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.