See palus on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pālus",
"4": "",
"5": "stake, post"
},
"expansion": "Latin pālus (“stake, post”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pole",
"3": "peel#Etymology 2",
"4": "pale#Etymology 2",
"alt2": "peel",
"alt3": "pale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pole, peel, and pale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pālus (“stake, post”). Doublet of pole, peel, and pale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pali",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pali"
},
"expansion": "palus (plural pali)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Marine biology",
"orig": "en:Marine biology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "palar"
},
{
"word": "paliform"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical pillar along the inner septal margin of a coral."
],
"id": "en-palus-en-noun-2DrUzVXS",
"links": [
[
"marine biology",
"marine biology"
],
[
"septal",
"septum"
],
[
"coral",
"coral"
]
],
"qualifier": "marine biology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marine biology) A vertical pillar along the inner septal margin of a coral."
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "palūs",
"4": "",
"5": "marsh, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Latin palūs (“marsh, swamp”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin palūs (“marsh, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paludes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "paludes"
},
"expansion": "palus (plural paludes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Planetology",
"orig": "en:Planetology",
"parents": [
"Astronomy",
"Geology",
"Sciences",
"Space",
"Earth sciences",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small plain (compared to mare) on the surface of a planet or satellite."
],
"id": "en-palus-en-noun-x94zttW3",
"links": [
[
"planetology",
"planetology"
],
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"mare",
"mare"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"satellite",
"satellite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(planetology) A small plain (compared to mare) on the surface of a planet or satellite."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences",
"planetology"
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "palus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "paluma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past indicative of paluma"
],
"id": "en-palus-et-verb-1ec6pEtd",
"links": [
[
"paluma",
"paluma#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "palus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "palus m (plural palus)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "swamp",
"word": "palud"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of palud (“swamp”)"
],
"id": "en-palus-fr-noun-bM4I0EBo",
"links": [
[
"palud",
"palud#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.lys/"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "palus m pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "palu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of palu"
],
"id": "en-palus-fr-noun-PKOxQQ5e",
"links": [
[
"palu",
"palu#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.ly/"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "palus",
"name": "pam-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"parents": [
"Pronunciation templates",
"Templates"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 16 27 2 1 40 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 24 1 1 36 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"black eel"
],
"id": "en-palus-pam-noun-d6Z4M4Uv",
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"eel",
"eel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "igat"
}
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "palude"
},
"expansion": "Italian: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: palude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "paloû"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: paloû",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: paloû"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "paluk",
"3": "palú"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: paluk, palú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: paluk, palú"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "palut"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: palut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: palut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "palú"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: palú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: palú"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "palieu",
"3": "paleu",
"4": "pale",
"5": "palukt",
"6": "palü"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "palude"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: palude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Old French: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: palu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "palud",
"3": "palus"
},
"expansion": "French: palud, palus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: palud, palus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Norman: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: palu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gascon: palu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "palut",
"3": "palus"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: palut, palus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: palut, palus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "palude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: palude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "palude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: palude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "paludă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: paludă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: paludă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "palude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: palude"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with a semantic shift to \"forest\""
},
"expansion": "(with a semantic shift to \"forest\")",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Balkan Romance: (with a semantic shift to \"forest\")"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pãduri"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pãduri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pãduri"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "păduri"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: păduri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: păduri"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pădure"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pădure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pădure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pëdyll",
"3": "*pëýll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pyll"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: pyll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: pyll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "padula"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: padula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: padula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "padule"
},
"expansion": "Italian: padule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: padule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "padula"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: padula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: padula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "padula"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: padula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: padula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "padule",
"3": "paule",
"4": "pauli"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "padum"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: padum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: padum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "paú"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: paú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: paú"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "padú",
"qq": "outside influence?"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "paul"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: paul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: paul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "Paül",
"qq": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: Paül (toponym)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: Paül (toponym)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mxi",
"2": "*padul"
},
"expansion": "Mozarabic: *padul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mozarabic: *padul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "Padul",
"3": "Padules",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "southern toponyms"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oan",
"2": "padul"
},
"expansion": "Navarro-Aragonese: padul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Navarro-Aragonese: padul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "paul"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: paul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: paul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "paúl"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: paúl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: paúl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "padura",
"3": "fadura",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: padura, fadura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: padura, fadura"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*palūts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *palūts",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelH-",
"t": "pale, gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "peļķe",
"3": "",
"4": "puddle"
},
"expansion": "Latvian peļķe (“puddle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pelkė",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पल्वल",
"3": "",
"4": "pool, pond"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πηλός",
"3": "",
"4": "mud, earth, clay"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *palūts, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”) (presumably with semantic shift \"gray\" > \"swamp\", though this is semantically tenuous). Either way, related to Latvian peļķe (“puddle”), Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”), Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”), and possibly Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "palūs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "palūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "palūs/palūd<3>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "palūs f (genitive palūdis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "palūs/palūd<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "la:Bodies of water",
"parents": [
"Landforms",
"Water",
"Earth",
"Places",
"Liquids",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Sciences",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "la:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "palūdester"
},
{
"word": "palūdicolus"
},
{
"word": "palūdifer"
},
{
"word": "palūdigena"
},
{
"word": "palūdivagus"
},
{
"word": "palūdōsus"
},
{
"word": "Palūs Maeōtis"
},
{
"word": "palūster"
}
],
"glosses": [
"swamp, marsh, morass, bog, fen, pool"
],
"id": "en-palus-la-noun-Be5LpRhI",
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
],
[
"marsh",
"marsh"
],
[
"morass",
"morass"
],
[
"bog",
"bog"
],
[
"fen",
"fen"
],
[
"pool",
"pool"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "late",
"word": "padūlis"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpa.luːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäɫ̪uːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: par"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "palo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: palo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: palo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "palo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: palo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: palo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: palu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pâl"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pâl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pâl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pêl",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "Ravenna, Cattolica"
},
"expansion": "pêl (Ravenna, Cattolica)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "pêl (Ravenna, Cattolica)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pël",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "San Marino"
},
"expansion": "pël (San Marino)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "pël (San Marino)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pél",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "Lugo"
},
"expansion": "pél (Lugo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "pél (Lugo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pal",
"3": "pêl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pal, pêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pal, pêl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pało",
"3": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: pało, pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: pało, pal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pieu"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: pieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: pieu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pieu"
},
"expansion": "French: pieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pieu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman: pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anglo-Norman: pel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: peel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: peel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "peel",
"qq1": "'stake', obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: peel ('stake', obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: peel ('stake', obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pale",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: pale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: pale"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pale"
},
"expansion": "English: pale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: palu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pao"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pao\nGalician: pau\nPortuguese: pau (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pao\nGalician: pau\nPortuguese: pau (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "palo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: palo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: palo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Papiamentu: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Papiamentu: palu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "palu",
"3": "pau"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: palu, pau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: palu, pau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pallë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: pallë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: pallë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pālu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pālu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pālu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Later borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "paal",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: paal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: paal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "palus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: palus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: palus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pal",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: pal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pal",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: pal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*peh₂ǵ->attach",
"id": "stake"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pākslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pākslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*peh₂ǵ-slos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-. See related terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pālus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pālus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pālus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pālus m (genitive pālī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pālus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Bodies of water",
"orig": "la:Bodies of water",
"parents": [
"Landforms",
"Water",
"Earth",
"Places",
"Liquids",
"Nature",
"Names",
"Matter",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Chemistry",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Sciences",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impālō"
},
{
"word": "pālāris"
},
{
"word": "pālātiō"
},
{
"word": "pālō"
},
{
"word": "pāxillus"
},
{
"word": "tripālis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stake, prop, stay, pale, post"
],
"id": "en-palus-la-noun-la:stake",
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
],
[
"prop",
"prop"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"pale",
"pale"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "paciscor"
},
{
"word": "pāgina"
},
{
"word": "pāgus"
},
{
"word": "pāngō"
},
{
"word": "pāx"
},
{
"word": "pignus"
},
{
"word": "pīla"
}
],
"senseid": [
"la:stake"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "stilus"
},
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "sudis"
},
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "tālea"
},
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "vallus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpaː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂ǵ-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "palar"
},
{
"word": "paliform"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pālus",
"4": "",
"5": "stake, post"
},
"expansion": "Latin pālus (“stake, post”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pole",
"3": "peel#Etymology 2",
"4": "pale#Etymology 2",
"alt2": "peel",
"alt3": "pale"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pole, peel, and pale",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pālus (“stake, post”). Doublet of pole, peel, and pale.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pali",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pali"
},
"expansion": "palus (plural pali)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Marine biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A vertical pillar along the inner septal margin of a coral."
],
"links": [
[
"marine biology",
"marine biology"
],
[
"septal",
"septum"
],
[
"coral",
"coral"
]
],
"qualifier": "marine biology",
"raw_glosses": [
"(marine biology) A vertical pillar along the inner septal margin of a coral."
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English undefined derivations",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "palūs",
"4": "",
"5": "marsh, swamp"
},
"expansion": "Latin palūs (“marsh, swamp”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin palūs (“marsh, swamp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "paludes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "paludes"
},
"expansion": "palus (plural paludes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Planetology"
],
"glosses": [
"A small plain (compared to mare) on the surface of a planet or satellite."
],
"links": [
[
"planetology",
"planetology"
],
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"mare",
"mare"
],
[
"planet",
"planet"
],
[
"satellite",
"satellite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(planetology) A small plain (compared to mare) on the surface of a planet or satellite."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences",
"planetology"
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "palus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian verb forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "paluma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past indicative of paluma"
],
"links": [
[
"paluma",
"paluma#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French noun forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "palus",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "palus m (plural palus)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "swamp",
"word": "palud"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of palud (“swamp”)"
],
"links": [
[
"palud",
"palud#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.lys/"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French noun forms",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "palus m pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "palu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of palu"
],
"links": [
[
"palu",
"palu#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pa.ly/"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "palus",
"name": "pam-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"lang_code": "pam",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kapampangan entries with incorrect language header",
"Kapampangan lemmas",
"Kapampangan nouns",
"Kapampangan terms without pronunciation template",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"black eel"
],
"links": [
[
"black",
"black"
],
[
"eel",
"eel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "igat"
}
]
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂ǵ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "palūdester"
},
{
"word": "palūdicolus"
},
{
"word": "palūdifer"
},
{
"word": "palūdigena"
},
{
"word": "palūdivagus"
},
{
"word": "palūdōsus"
},
{
"word": "Palūs Maeōtis"
},
{
"word": "palūster"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "palude"
},
"expansion": "Italian: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: palude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "paloû"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: paloû",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: paloû"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "paluk",
"3": "palú"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: paluk, palú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: paluk, palú"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "palut"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: palut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: palut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "palú"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: palú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: palú"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "palieu",
"3": "paleu",
"4": "pale",
"5": "palukt",
"6": "palü"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: palieu, paleu, pale, palukt, palü"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "palude"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: palude"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Old French: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: palu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "palud",
"3": "palus"
},
"expansion": "French: palud, palus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: palud, palus"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Norman: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: palu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gascon: palu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "palut",
"3": "palus"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: palut, palus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: palut, palus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "palude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: palude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "palude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: palude"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "paludă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: paludă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: paludă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "palude",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: palude",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: palude"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "with a semantic shift to \"forest\""
},
"expansion": "(with a semantic shift to \"forest\")",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Balkan Romance: (with a semantic shift to \"forest\")"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "pãduri"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: pãduri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: pãduri"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "păduri"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: păduri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: păduri"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "pădure"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: pădure",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: pădure"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pëdyll",
"3": "*pëýll",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Albanian: *pëdyll, *pëýll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pyll"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: pyll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: pyll"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "padula"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: padula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: padula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "padule"
},
"expansion": "Italian: padule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: padule"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "padula"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: padula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: padula"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "padula"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: padula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: padula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "padule",
"3": "paule",
"4": "pauli"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: padule, paule, pauli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "padum"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: padum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: padum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "paú"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: paú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ligurian: paú"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "padú",
"qq": "outside influence?"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: padú (outside influence?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "paul"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: paul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: paul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "Paül",
"qq": "toponym"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: Paül (toponym)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: Paül (toponym)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mxi",
"2": "*padul"
},
"expansion": "Mozarabic: *padul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mozarabic: *padul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "Padul",
"3": "Padules",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "southern toponyms"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: Padul, Padules (southern toponyms)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oan",
"2": "padul"
},
"expansion": "Navarro-Aragonese: padul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Navarro-Aragonese: padul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "paul"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: paul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: paul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "paúl"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: paúl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: paúl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "padura",
"3": "fadura",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: padura, fadura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: padura, fadura"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*palūts"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *palūts",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pelH-",
"t": "pale, gray"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "peļķe",
"3": "",
"4": "puddle"
},
"expansion": "Latvian peļķe (“puddle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pelkė",
"3": "",
"4": "marsh"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पल्वल",
"3": "",
"4": "pool, pond"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πηλός",
"3": "",
"4": "mud, earth, clay"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *palūts, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“pale, gray”) (presumably with semantic shift \"gray\" > \"swamp\", though this is semantically tenuous). Either way, related to Latvian peļķe (“puddle”), Lithuanian pelkė (“marsh”), Sanskrit पल्वल (palvala, “pool, pond”), and possibly Ancient Greek πηλός (pēlós, “mud, earth, clay”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "palūs",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "palūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "palūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "palūdēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "palūs/palūd<3>",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "palūs f (genitive palūdis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "palūs/palūd<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"swamp, marsh, morass, bog, fen, pool"
],
"links": [
[
"swamp",
"swamp"
],
[
"marsh",
"marsh"
],
[
"morass",
"morass"
],
[
"bog",
"bog"
],
[
"fen",
"fen"
],
[
"pool",
"pool"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpa.luːs/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäɫ̪uːs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "late",
"word": "padūlis"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂ǵ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Bodies of water",
"la:Landforms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "impālō"
},
{
"word": "pālāris"
},
{
"word": "pālātiō"
},
{
"word": "pālō"
},
{
"word": "pāxillus"
},
{
"word": "tripālis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: par"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: par"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "palo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: palo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: palo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "palo"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: palo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: palo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: palu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "pâl"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: pâl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: pâl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pêl",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "Ravenna, Cattolica"
},
"expansion": "pêl (Ravenna, Cattolica)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "pêl (Ravenna, Cattolica)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pël",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "San Marino"
},
"expansion": "pël (San Marino)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "pël (San Marino)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "pél",
"nolb": "1",
"qq": "Lugo"
},
"expansion": "pél (Lugo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "pél (Lugo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "pal",
"3": "pêl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: pal, pêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: pal, pêl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "pało",
"3": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: pało, pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: pało, pal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: pal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Old French: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: pal"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pieu"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: pieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: pieu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pieu"
},
"expansion": "French: pieu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: pieu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xno",
"2": "pel"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman: pel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anglo-Norman: pel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "peel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: peel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: peel"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "peel",
"qq1": "'stake', obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: peel ('stake', obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: peel ('stake', obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pale",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: pale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: pale"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pale"
},
"expansion": "English: pale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: pale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pal"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: palu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pao"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pao\nGalician: pau\nPortuguese: pau (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pao\nGalician: pau\nPortuguese: pau (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "palo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: palo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: palo"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "palu"
},
"expansion": "Papiamentu: palu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Papiamentu: palu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "palu",
"3": "pau"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: palu, pau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: palu, pau"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ancient borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pallë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: pallë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: pallë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pālu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pālu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *pālu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Later borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "paal",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: paal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: paal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "palus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: palus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: palus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "pal",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: pal"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pal",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: pal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: pal"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*peh₂ǵ->attach",
"id": "stake"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pākslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pākslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*peh₂ǵ-slos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-. See related terms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pālus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pālus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pāle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pālus<2>"
},
"expansion": "pālus m (genitive pālī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pālus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "paciscor"
},
{
"word": "pāgina"
},
{
"word": "pāgus"
},
{
"word": "pāngō"
},
{
"word": "pāx"
},
{
"word": "pignus"
},
{
"word": "pīla"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stake, prop, stay, pale, post"
],
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
],
[
"prop",
"prop"
],
[
"stay",
"stay"
],
[
"pale",
"pale"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:stake"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpaː.lus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäːɫ̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpa.lus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpäːlus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "stilus"
},
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "sudis"
},
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "tālea"
},
{
"sense": "stake",
"word": "vallus"
}
],
"word": "palus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for palus meaning in All languages combined (25.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.