See pignus on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pignus meaning in All languages combined (8.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pignus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pignus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pignus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pignora",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pignora"
},
"expansion": "pignus (plural pignora)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, Sir Patrick MacChombaich de Colquhoun, A Summary of the Roman Civil Law, page 392",
"text": "Thirdly, pignus is the object itself upon which the creditor acquires such real right.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Thomas Beven, Negligence in Law, page 937",
"text": "Pledge is the pignus of the Roman law; and it is from this source that most of the principles governing the subject are derived.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1898, Harvard Law Review, volume 11, page 23",
"text": "A commonly accepted notion is that pignus is not a generic term at all; that it is limited (1) to movables, and particularly (2) to the pledgee's possession.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Alan Watson, quoting Ulpian, Edict, book 28, The Digest of Justinian, University of Pennsylvania Press",
"text": "A pignus can be given for other reasons besides money, as where one gives someone a pignus against his acting as guarantor.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004 August 26, Eva-Maria Kieninger, editor, Security Rights in Movable Property in European Private Law, Cambridge University Press, page 41",
"text": "Pignus was created by traditio, which is by surrender of civilis possessio to the chargee.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pledge or pawn."
],
"id": "en-pignus-en-noun-TdZ4qxgE",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"pawn",
"pawn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, obsolete, Ancient Rome) A pledge or pawn."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "pignus amoris"
}
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"word": "pignus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pignerō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "peng",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: peng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: peng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pignus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pignus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pignus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pegno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pegno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pegno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "penh"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: penh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: penh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pegn"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pegn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pegn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pennor"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pennor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pennor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penhor"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: penhor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: penhor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pignu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pignu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pignu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "peños",
"3": ";",
"4": "pendra",
"qq": "< *pignora"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: peños; pendra (< *pignora)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: peños; pendra (< *pignora)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "peño",
"3": ";",
"4": "prenda"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: peño; prenda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: peño; prenda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prenda",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: prenda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: prenda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peyǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*peyḱ-"
},
"expansion": "*peyḱ-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fasten, fix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to fasten, fix”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Some refer it to Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- or *peyḱ-; others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to fasten, fix”); its meaning perhaps being \"something pinned/fixed/retained (as pledge)\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pignoris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pignus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignoris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignorum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignorī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignoribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignore",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignoribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pignora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pignus<3>"
},
"expansion": "pignus n (genitive pignoris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pignus<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 43 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pledge, mortgage"
],
"id": "en-pignus-la-noun-CE5DNm8A",
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"mortgage",
"mortgage"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vōtum"
},
{
"word": "fīdūcia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 43 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"id": "en-pignus-la-noun-KuPPfUxJ",
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 43 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wager, stake"
],
"id": "en-pignus-la-noun-4uqT~nTG",
"links": [
[
"wager",
"wager"
],
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɡ.nus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɪŋnʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɲ.ɲus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiɲːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pignus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pignus"
},
"expansion": "Latin pignus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pignus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pignora",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pignora"
},
"expansion": "pignus (plural pignora)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pignus amoris"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Ancient Rome",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1851, Sir Patrick MacChombaich de Colquhoun, A Summary of the Roman Civil Law, page 392",
"text": "Thirdly, pignus is the object itself upon which the creditor acquires such real right.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Thomas Beven, Negligence in Law, page 937",
"text": "Pledge is the pignus of the Roman law; and it is from this source that most of the principles governing the subject are derived.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1898, Harvard Law Review, volume 11, page 23",
"text": "A commonly accepted notion is that pignus is not a generic term at all; that it is limited (1) to movables, and particularly (2) to the pledgee's possession.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Alan Watson, quoting Ulpian, Edict, book 28, The Digest of Justinian, University of Pennsylvania Press",
"text": "A pignus can be given for other reasons besides money, as where one gives someone a pignus against his acting as guarantor.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004 August 26, Eva-Maria Kieninger, editor, Security Rights in Movable Property in European Private Law, Cambridge University Press, page 41",
"text": "Pignus was created by traditio, which is by surrender of civilis possessio to the chargee.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pledge or pawn."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"pawn",
"pawn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, obsolete, Ancient Rome) A pledge or pawn."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"word": "pignus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pignerō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "peng",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: peng",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: peng"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pignus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: pignus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: pignus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "pegno"
},
"expansion": "Italian: pegno",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: pegno"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "penh"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: penh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: penh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "pegn"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: pegn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: pegn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pennor"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pennor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: pennor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penhor"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: penhor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: penhor"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "pignu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: pignu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: pignu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "peños",
"3": ";",
"4": "pendra",
"qq": "< *pignora"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: peños; pendra (< *pignora)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: peños; pendra (< *pignora)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "peño",
"3": ";",
"4": "prenda"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: peño; prenda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: peño; prenda"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "prenda",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: prenda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: prenda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peyǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*peyḱ-"
},
"expansion": "*peyḱ-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*peh₂ǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fasten, fix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to fasten, fix”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Some refer it to Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- or *peyḱ-; others refer it to Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ- (“to fasten, fix”); its meaning perhaps being \"something pinned/fixed/retained (as pledge)\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pignoris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pignus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignoris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignorum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignorī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignoribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignore",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pignoribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pignus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pignora",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pignus<3>"
},
"expansion": "pignus n (genitive pignoris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pignus<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pledge, mortgage"
],
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"mortgage",
"mortgage"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vōtum"
},
{
"word": "fīdūcia"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wager, stake"
],
"links": [
[
"wager",
"wager"
],
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɡ.nus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɪŋnʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiɲ.ɲus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpiɲːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pignus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.