See niż on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for niż meaning in All languages combined (30.6kB)
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"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
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],
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anigle"
},
{
"word": "aniżle"
},
{
"word": "niżle"
},
{
"word": "nigle"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈniʃ/"
}
],
"word": "niż"
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"sounds": [
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"word": "niż"
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"expansion": "Masurian: niz",
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"text": "Masurian: niz"
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"expansion": "Silesian: niż",
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{
"args": {
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e). First attested in the 14th century.",
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],
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"introduces a temporal clause; before"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-VyXVaNL0",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"but"
],
[
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"however"
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],
"glosses": [
"introduces an exclusionary conditional clause; unless only"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-zOg0nFIe",
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[
"unless",
"unless"
],
[
"only",
"only"
]
]
},
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"Terms by usage"
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],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-xvbE2kAR"
},
{
"glosses": [
"corruption of iż(e)"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-WJsYMpGA",
"links": [
[
"iż(e)",
"iż#Old Polish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʃ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʃ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "niże"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
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],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You saw among them figures more similar to bandits than to herders: cruel, frightening, covered in the rags of diverse outfits.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 2",
"text": "Spostrzegałeś między nimi postacie podobniejsze do zbójów, niż do pasterzy, okrutne, straszne, pokryte łachmanami rozmaitych ubiorów.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "[They] preferred to go out in chaikas on the Black Sea rather than get married or look after farms.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 4",
"text": "...woleli puszczać się czajkami na Czarne morze, niż żenić się lub gospodarstwa pilnować.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...I understood that there was happening in my life a change of direction which was leading me towards something greater than the words that I was reading.",
"ref": "2010, Murray Bodo, translated by Małgorzata Bortnowska, Mistycy: Odkrywcy Bożych Dróg, Kraków: Wydawnictwo M, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, page 178",
"text": "...zrozumiałem, że w moim życiu następuje zwrot, który kieruje mnie ku czemuś większemu niż słowa, które czytam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then he goes and brings with him seven other spirits worse than he himself, and having gone in, they live there.",
"ref": "2013, Updated Gdańsk Bible, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, Matthew 12:45",
"text": "Wówczas idzie i bierze ze sobą siedem innych duchów gorszych niż on sam i wszedłszy, mieszkają tam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "As for the rest, because of the circumstances, I must have been mistaken much more often than I would dream of...",
"ref": "2018, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, translated by Maciej Wąs, Nowe Jeruzalem, 2nd edition, Chesterton Polska, page 20",
"text": "Co do reszty, musiałem, ze względu na okoliczności, mylić się znacznie częściej, niż bym to sobie wymarzył...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-hHNx~vUD",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
},
{
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"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
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],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) before"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zanim"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
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],
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],
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[
"not only",
"not only"
],
[
"but",
"but"
],
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"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
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{
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{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
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],
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{
"english": "London is bigger than Warsaw.",
"text": "Londyn jest większy niż Warszawa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-prep-68WThwJk",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "od"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bardziej niż"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "więcej niż"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 11 10 15 3 14 10 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 14 10 19 4 18 9 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"only, just, merely"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-particle-Si1LELzB",
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"merely",
"merely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) only, just, merely"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 11 13 23 15 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 0 21 26 18 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-particle-xvbE2kAR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niże"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neż"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "nież"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "niż"
}
{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*nizъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "1582",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
"name": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582",
"ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1582.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
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"tags": [
"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "niż m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "niżów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Meteorology",
"orig": "pl:Meteorology",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Earth sciences",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 14 10 19 4 18 9 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 46 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 40 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-AkaPuHD9",
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "pl:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 11 10 15 3 14 10 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 14 10 19 4 18 9 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 46 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 40 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 0 10 9 22 4 12 9 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
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"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-6Snsrdyw",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"lowland",
"lowland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 46 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 40 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (lowest level of something)"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-4jsfXKhs",
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "niz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "niżyć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of niżyć"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-verb-fiUF-nkK",
"links": [
[
"niżyć",
"niżyć#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
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"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "nizać"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-niż-pl-verb-iwAo9U0M",
"links": [
[
"nizać",
"nizać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
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"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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},
{
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
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},
{
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},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 26 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-niż-szl-conj-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nim"
},
{
"word": "podwiel"
},
{
"word": "podwiela"
},
{
"word": "zaczym"
},
{
"word": "zanim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 46 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 26 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 45 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-szl-conj-hHNx~vUD",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "jak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "preposition"
},
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
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],
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{
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},
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},
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"categories": [
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"glosses": [
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},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"sounds": [
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{
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],
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],
"word": "niż"
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{
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"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
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"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
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"Polish verb forms",
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"etymology_number": 1,
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"english": "You saw among them figures more similar to bandits than to herders: cruel, frightening, covered in the rags of diverse outfits.",
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"text": "Spostrzegałeś między nimi postacie podobniejsze do zbójów, niż do pasterzy, okrutne, straszne, pokryte łachmanami rozmaitych ubiorów.",
"type": "quotation"
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{
"english": "[They] preferred to go out in chaikas on the Black Sea rather than get married or look after farms.",
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "...I understood that there was happening in my life a change of direction which was leading me towards something greater than the words that I was reading.",
"ref": "2010, Murray Bodo, translated by Małgorzata Bortnowska, Mistycy: Odkrywcy Bożych Dróg, Kraków: Wydawnictwo M, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, page 178",
"text": "...zrozumiałem, że w moim życiu następuje zwrot, który kieruje mnie ku czemuś większemu niż słowa, które czytam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then he goes and brings with him seven other spirits worse than he himself, and having gone in, they live there.",
"ref": "2013, Updated Gdańsk Bible, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, Matthew 12:45",
"text": "Wówczas idzie i bierze ze sobą siedem innych duchów gorszych niż on sam i wszedłszy, mieszkają tam.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "As for the rest, because of the circumstances, I must have been mistaken much more often than I would dream of...",
"ref": "2018, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, translated by Maciej Wąs, Nowe Jeruzalem, 2nd edition, Chesterton Polska, page 20",
"text": "Co do reszty, musiałem, ze względu na okoliczności, mylić się znacznie częściej, niż bym to sobie wymarzył...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
"links": [
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"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
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"(obsolete) before"
],
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{
"word": "zanim"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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[
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"but"
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],
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],
"tags": [
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}
],
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},
{
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{
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{
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],
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"sounds": [
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{
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{
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{
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],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
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],
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{
"categories": [
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[
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],
[
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"merely"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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{
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}
],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niże"
},
{
"word": "neż"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "nież"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "1582",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
"name": ""
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582",
"ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1582.",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "niż m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "niżów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"categories": [
"pl:Meteorology"
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Geography"
],
"glosses": [
"depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"lowland",
"lowland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (lowest level of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "niz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "niżyć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of niżyć"
],
"links": [
[
"niżyć",
"niżyć#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "nizać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of nizać"
],
"links": [
[
"nizać",
"nizać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ/1 syllable",
"Silesian conjunctions",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian prepositions",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nim"
},
{
"word": "podwiel"
},
{
"word": "podwiela"
},
{
"word": "zaczym"
},
{
"word": "zanim"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "jak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ/1 syllable",
"Silesian conjunctions",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian prepositions",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "jak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.