See niż on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *niže",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*niže"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "csb",
"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
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"parents": [],
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-csb-conj-hHNx~vUD",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anigle"
},
{
"word": "aniżle"
},
{
"word": "niżle"
},
{
"word": "nigle"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʃ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*niže",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *niže",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*niže"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "csb",
"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 8 7 7 1 1 5 2 7 3 2 0 6 5 7 2 2 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-csb-prep-68WThwJk",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʃ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "niż",
"id": "than"
},
"expansion": "Polish: niż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: niż"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: niż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: niż"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*niže",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *niže",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*niže"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e). First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 7 6 5 5 1 1 7 1 6 4 3 0 8 6 6 2 2 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 21 17 18 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 21 17 17 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 22 17 18 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856-1870 [1399], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume VIII, number 8324:",
"text": "Maczek ne dal lista wysszey data (pro daty ?), niz iaco byla oprawa",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 83, 11:",
"text": "Wibral iesm odrzuczon bicz w domu boga mego wøczey, nisz bidlicz w przebitczech grzesznicow (elegi abiectus esse in domo dei mei magis, quam habitare in tabernaculis peccatorum)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page 51:",
"text": "Milowal ies zloscz nad dobrocz, lichotø wøcey, nisze mowicz prawdø (iniquitatem magis quam loqui aequitatem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 117, 8:",
"text": "Dobrze gest pfacz v pana, nysz pfacz we czloweka (bonum est confidere in domino, quam confidere in homine)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 45:",
"text": "Czastokrocz syą przygadza, ysze geden pylnyeyszy gest syebye obeszrzenya y syedlenya nysz drvgy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960 [1405], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 263, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Iacosmi vissego posagv Dzychne VIII marcas vyrzødnego ne røczili nis iaco Katherzine",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1404], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 752, Poznań:",
"text": "Iacosim dal vanczey penadzi nisze dwescze krziwen na Cobile Pole",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1409], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 385:",
"text": "Peczna yest ossobna dzedzina nisz Gilowecz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921 [1426], Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Procesy twórcze formowania się społeczeństwa polskiego w wiekach średnich, page 311:",
"text": "Jacom ya o than krziwdą oth Micolaya wstal, esze my vyssey kasal robicz, nysem mal umową",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-hHNx~vUD",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 8 7 7 1 1 5 2 7 3 2 0 6 5 7 2 2 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 [1389], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 239, Poznań:",
"text": "Toma ne vczinil moczi nat Chroslø... pirwey, nis se wansoual",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 111, Poznań:",
"text": "Iako Symanowi prziszøndzono Swønchowo mene pirwe, nisz gy Swøch obesall",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1397], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 332, Poznań:",
"text": "Jacom bil poslem ot Maczka do Piotrasza, bi zaplaczene wszal dwadzescze griwen gotouich, nisz ktorø skoda vczinil na Sczepana",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1400], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 446, Poznań:",
"text": "Iaco Potrek do Kaliszkego slal zøndayø miru drzewey, nisz w zemi zawadzil",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 57:",
"text": "V wody szø poczina czescz drzewey, nisz gdi szødø gestcz, tedyø na røcze dayø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960 [1422], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 706, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Yakom przod dzelil Byenka z braczą, nysz szye tho rancoyemstwo stalo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1426], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1229, Poznań:",
"text": "Dal im przethtim rok otpusczenye ('odpuszczenia'), nysz sye tho pobranye stalo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2839, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jacom ya s Pawlem smowi nye ymal lista wannego pirwey dacz nisze w gimenye wwansanya",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 244:",
"text": "A prosczye trzeba *wschitgyego schesczyorga blogoslawyenstwa naprzod myecz, nysz tho przidzye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a temporal clause; before"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-VyXVaNL0",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Masovia) introduces a temporal clause; before"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 8 7 7 1 1 5 2 7 3 2 0 6 5 7 2 2 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 18, 17:",
"text": "Ale pirworodzone wolv, owcze y kozy nye dasz viplaczicz, bo iest prziswyøczono bogv. Nisz krew przelegesz na oltarzv (sanguinem tantum eorum fundes super altare) a tvk zakadzisz na wonyø *przechatnø panv",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888 [1411], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 125:",
"text": "Scepan pospolnych sdzegen ne zayøl, nisz yako ye zaztal ot pyanczy lath, tako ge grodzy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 76:",
"text": "Tho skazvyemy bicz... proszne, nisz wsdy przerzeczone dzewky wroczicz szą mayą k gych dzedzynnym cząsczam (quin praefatae filiae redeant ad earum hereditarias porciones)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a contradicting clause; but, however"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-4scrRaJa",
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) introduces a contradicting clause; but, however"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 8 7 7 1 1 5 2 7 3 2 0 6 5 7 2 2 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 362, Poznań:",
"text": "Iako Sandziuoy... wmovil medzi mnø a medzi Sczepanem, esz ne mal na mø niyednego roku stacz, nisz przet timi pani, czso sø nameneni",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces an exclusionary conditional clause; unless only"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-zOg0nFIe",
"links": [
[
"unless",
"unless"
],
[
"only",
"only"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) introduces an exclusionary conditional clause; unless only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 545:",
"text": "V ych rące bądzye podan szyn czlovyeczy... any szye zzalvyą yego nyevynnosczy, nyz kako vyelyką... mąką bądzye vmączen",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-xvbE2kAR"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University",
"ref": "1958 [1394], “Nieznane czternastowieczne roty polskie z ksiąg sądowych ziemskich krakowskich [Unknown fourteenth-century Polish oaths from court records of Krakow landowners]”, in Zbigniew Perzanowski, Mieczysław Karaś, editors, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University], volume I, Krakow, page 239:",
"text": "Iaco prawe wemi i swaczczimi, nisze cazal za ząn dacz zastawan w dzezandczi grziwen, a coszm zaplaczil",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"corruption of iż(e)"
],
"id": "en-niż-zlw-opl-conj-WJsYMpGA",
"links": [
[
"iż(e)",
"iż#Old_Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) corruption of iż(e)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʃ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʃ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "niże"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 6 7 6 5 5 1 1 7 1 6 4 3 0 8 6 6 2 2 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 8 7 0 16 12 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 13 23 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 11 8 10 0 18 10 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You saw among them figures more similar to bandits than to herders: cruel, frightening, covered in the rags of diverse outfits.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 2:",
"text": "Spostrzegałeś między nimi postacie podobniejsze do zbójów, niż do pasterzy, okrutne, straszne, pokryte łachmanami rozmaitych ubiorów.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[They] preferred to go out in chaikas on the Black Sea rather than get married or look after farms.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 4:",
"text": "...woleli puszczać się czajkami na Czarne morze, niż żenić się lub gospodarstwa pilnować.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "...I understood that there was happening in my life a change of direction which was leading me towards something greater than the words that I was reading.",
"ref": "2010, Murray Bodo, translated by Małgorzata Bortnowska, Mistycy: Odkrywcy Bożych Dróg, Kraków: Wydawnictwo M, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, page 178:",
"text": "...zrozumiałem, że w moim życiu następuje zwrot, który kieruje mnie ku czemuś większemu niż słowa, które czytam.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Then he goes and brings with him seven other spirits worse than he himself, and having gone in, they live there.",
"ref": "2013, Updated Gdańsk Bible, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, Matthew 12:45:",
"text": "Wówczas idzie i bierze ze sobą siedem innych duchów gorszych niż on sam i wszedłszy, mieszkają tam.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "As for the rest, because of the circumstances, I must have been mistaken much more often than I would dream of...",
"ref": "2018, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, translated by Maciej Wąs, Nowe Jeruzalem, 2nd edition, Chesterton Polska, page 20:",
"text": "Co do reszty, musiałem, ze względu na okoliczności, mylić się znacznie częściej, niż bym to sobie wymarzył...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-hHNx~vUD",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 13 23 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-bbfYA-dP",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southern Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialectal, Southern Greater Poland) before"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zanim"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 8 7 7 1 1 5 2 7 3 2 0 6 5 7 2 2 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 8 7 0 16 12 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 13 23 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 11 8 10 0 18 10 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-conj-wbwzFfzV",
"links": [
[
"not only",
"not only"
],
[
"but",
"but"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 8 7 7 1 1 5 2 7 3 2 0 6 5 7 2 2 3 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 8 7 0 16 12 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 13 23 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 11 8 10 0 18 10 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "London is bigger than Warsaw.",
"text": "Londyn jest większy niż Warszawa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-prep-68WThwJk",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "od"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bardziej niż"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "więcej niż"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 7 6 5 5 1 1 7 1 6 4 3 0 8 6 6 2 2 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 8 7 0 16 12 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 14 7 6 0 21 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 18 28 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 13 23 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 18 28 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 11 8 10 0 18 10 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"only, just, merely"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-particle-Si1LELzB",
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"merely",
"merely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) only, just, merely"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 7 12 8 7 0 16 12 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 13 13 23 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 11 8 10 0 18 10 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1500-1547, Libri legationum, page 8/133:",
"text": "bo my nyſzeſzmy thego doſſwyatczely iſſz tho czo ſye dzyalo za przodkow naſſzych […] bylo wſzyſthko dobrze",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1541, M. Rej, Psałterz, page 140v:",
"text": "NYſz ſpráwą myſlą zſſedwſſy ſie ſpołu/ rozráduymy ſie pánu ſwemu",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1549, M. Rej, Kupiec, page o6:",
"text": "Czos chces niz ſię winien dawam",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1558, E. Gliczner, Książki o wychowaniu dzieci, page Ov:",
"text": "Panie ſtrzez ſie chytry to Chłop A ſnaċ chytroſczj nicz [!] ktory Pop RejKup dd5; iż ſie dla thego vcżył/ áby ſwą náuką pożytecżnem ſie sſtał niż wten cżás gdy ná to ſie wſpomoże á záłoży",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1588, Acta primi regiminis Sigismundi III, page 155:",
"text": "Krol IMPan nasz na Zęby chor, ale iakis pod czas słaby bywa wszakze niz todwakroć albo trzy po odiachaniu wm wpole wyiezdzał",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-particle-xvbE2kAR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niże"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neż"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "nież"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "1582",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1582",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "niż m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
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],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "niżów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
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],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Meteorology",
"orig": "pl:Meteorology",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Earth sciences",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 47 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 49 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-AkaPuHD9",
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
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[
"low",
"low"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Geography",
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"All topics",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 47 5",
"kind": "other",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 49 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 4 11 8 10 0 18 10 11 6 6",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
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"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
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"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"lowland",
"lowland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (lowest level of something)"
],
"id": "en-niż-pl-noun-4jsfXKhs",
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
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{
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],
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],
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{
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
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],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "verb form"
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"expansion": "niż",
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],
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"niżyć#Polish"
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],
"tags": [
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],
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"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
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{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
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},
{
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],
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{
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "verb form"
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"nizać#Polish"
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
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},
{
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{
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}
],
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}
{
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"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
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{
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],
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"source": "w+disamb"
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}
],
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{
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{
"word": "podwiela"
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{
"word": "zaczym"
},
{
"word": "zanim"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 6 7 6 5 5 1 1 7 1 6 4 3 0 8 6 6 2 2 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 39 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 25 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 41 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-niż-szl-conj-hHNx~vUD",
"links": [
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"than"
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],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "aniżeli"
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{
"word": "jak"
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
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{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
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],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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{
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{
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{
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"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
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"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
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],
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],
"lang": "Silesian",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 5 8 7 7 1 1 5 2 7 3 2 0 6 5 7 2 2 3 5 8",
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"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 7 6 5 5 1 1 7 1 6 4 3 0 8 6 6 2 2 2 7 7",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 25 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 41 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-niż-szl-prep-68WThwJk",
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
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],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "aniżeli"
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{
"word": "jak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian prepositions",
"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Kashubian univerbations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/iʃ",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/iʃ/1 syllable"
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"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
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"g3": "",
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"lit": "",
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"pos": "",
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},
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{
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{
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"name": "surf"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "conjunction"
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],
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"links": [
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{
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{
"word": "niżle"
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{
"word": "nigle"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʃ"
}
],
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}
{
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"Kashubian lemmas",
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"Kashubian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Kashubian univerbations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/iʃ",
"Rhymes:Kashubian/iʃ/1 syllable"
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"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
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{
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"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
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"name": "surf"
}
],
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{
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"2": "preposition"
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}
],
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{
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{
"rhymes": "-iʃ"
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],
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}
{
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"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish univerbations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
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"2": "niż",
"id": "than"
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"name": "desc"
}
],
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},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
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"1": "szl",
"2": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: niż",
"name": "desc"
}
],
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}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
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"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *niže",
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{
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"2": "sla-pro",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *niže. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e). First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1856-1870 [1399], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki, volume VIII, number 8324:",
"text": "Maczek ne dal lista wysszey data (pro daty ?), niz iaco byla oprawa",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 83, 11:",
"text": "Wibral iesm odrzuczon bicz w domu boga mego wøczey, nisz bidlicz w przebitczech grzesznicow (elegi abiectus esse in domo dei mei magis, quam habitare in tabernaculis peccatorum)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page 51:",
"text": "Milowal ies zloscz nad dobrocz, lichotø wøcey, nisze mowicz prawdø (iniquitatem magis quam loqui aequitatem)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 117, 8:",
"text": "Dobrze gest pfacz v pana, nysz pfacz we czloweka (bonum est confidere in domino, quam confidere in homine)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 45:",
"text": "Czastokrocz syą przygadza, ysze geden pylnyeyszy gest syebye obeszrzenya y syedlenya nysz drvgy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960 [1405], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 263, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Iacosmi vissego posagv Dzychne VIII marcas vyrzødnego ne røczili nis iaco Katherzine",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1404], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 752, Poznań:",
"text": "Iacosim dal vanczey penadzi nisze dwescze krziwen na Cobile Pole",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1902 [1409], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 385:",
"text": "Peczna yest ossobna dzedzina nisz Gilowecz",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921 [1426], Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Procesy twórcze formowania się społeczeństwa polskiego w wiekach średnich, page 311:",
"text": "Jacom ya o than krziwdą oth Micolaya wstal, esze my vyssey kasal robicz, nysem mal umową",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 [1389], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 239, Poznań:",
"text": "Toma ne vczinil moczi nat Chroslø... pirwey, nis se wansoual",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1391], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 111, Poznań:",
"text": "Iako Symanowi prziszøndzono Swønchowo mene pirwe, nisz gy Swøch obesall",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1397], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 332, Poznań:",
"text": "Jacom bil poslem ot Maczka do Piotrasza, bi zaplaczene wszal dwadzescze griwen gotouich, nisz ktorø skoda vczinil na Sczepana",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1400], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 446, Poznań:",
"text": "Iaco Potrek do Kaliszkego slal zøndayø miru drzewey, nisz w zemi zawadzil",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 57:",
"text": "V wody szø poczina czescz drzewey, nisz gdi szødø gestcz, tedyø na røcze dayø",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1960 [1422], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 706, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Yakom przod dzelil Byenka z braczą, nysz szye tho rancoyemstwo stalo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959 [1426], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 1229, Poznań:",
"text": "Dal im przethtim rok otpusczenye ('odpuszczenia'), nysz sye tho pobranye stalo",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1428], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 2839, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jacom ya s Pawlem smowi nye ymal lista wannego pirwey dacz nisze w gimenye wwansanya",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 244:",
"text": "A prosczye trzeba *wschitgyego schesczyorga blogoslawyenstwa naprzod myecz, nysz tho przidzye",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a temporal clause; before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Masovia) introduces a temporal clause; before"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 18, 17:",
"text": "Ale pirworodzone wolv, owcze y kozy nye dasz viplaczicz, bo iest prziswyøczono bogv. Nisz krew przelegesz na oltarzv (sanguinem tantum eorum fundes super altare) a tvk zakadzisz na wonyø *przechatnø panv",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888 [1411], Romuald Hube, editor, Zbiór rot przysiąg sądowych poznańskich, kościańskich, kaliskich, sieradzkich, piotrkowskich i dobrzyszyckich z końca wieku XIV i pierwszych lat wieku XV, Greater Poland, page 125:",
"text": "Scepan pospolnych sdzegen ne zayøl, nisz yako ye zaztal ot pyanczy lath, tako ge grodzy",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 76:",
"text": "Tho skazvyemy bicz... proszne, nisz wsdy przerzeczone dzewky wroczicz szą mayą k gych dzedzynnym cząsczam (quin praefatae filiae redeant ad earum hereditarias porciones)",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a contradicting clause; but, however"
],
"links": [
[
"but",
"but"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Masovia) introduces a contradicting clause; but, however"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1959 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 362, Poznań:",
"text": "Iako Sandziuoy... wmovil medzi mnø a medzi Sczepanem, esz ne mal na mø niyednego roku stacz, nisz przet timi pani, czso sø nameneni",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces an exclusionary conditional clause; unless only"
],
"links": [
[
"unless",
"unless"
],
[
"only",
"only"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) introduces an exclusionary conditional clause; unless only"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 545:",
"text": "V ych rące bądzye podan szyn czlovyeczy... any szye zzalvyą yego nyevynnosczy, nyz kako vyelyką... mąką bądzye vmączen",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University",
"ref": "1958 [1394], “Nieznane czternastowieczne roty polskie z ksiąg sądowych ziemskich krakowskich [Unknown fourteenth-century Polish oaths from court records of Krakow landowners]”, in Zbigniew Perzanowski, Mieczysław Karaś, editors, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego [Scientific Journals of the Jagiellonian University], volume I, Krakow, page 239:",
"text": "Iaco prawe wemi i swaczczimi, nisze cazal za ząn dacz zastawan w dzezandczi grziwen, a coszm zaplaczil",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"corruption of iż(e)"
],
"links": [
[
"iż(e)",
"iż#Old_Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) corruption of iż(e)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʃ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɲiʃ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niże"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You saw among them figures more similar to bandits than to herders: cruel, frightening, covered in the rags of diverse outfits.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 2:",
"text": "Spostrzegałeś między nimi postacie podobniejsze do zbójów, niż do pasterzy, okrutne, straszne, pokryte łachmanami rozmaitych ubiorów.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "[They] preferred to go out in chaikas on the Black Sea rather than get married or look after farms.",
"ref": "1901 (first published 1884), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Ogniem i Mieczem, Gebethner i Wolff, book 1, chapter 4:",
"text": "...woleli puszczać się czajkami na Czarne morze, niż żenić się lub gospodarstwa pilnować.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "...I understood that there was happening in my life a change of direction which was leading me towards something greater than the words that I was reading.",
"ref": "2010, Murray Bodo, translated by Małgorzata Bortnowska, Mistycy: Odkrywcy Bożych Dróg, Kraków: Wydawnictwo M, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, page 178:",
"text": "...zrozumiałem, że w moim życiu następuje zwrot, który kieruje mnie ku czemuś większemu niż słowa, które czytam.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Then he goes and brings with him seven other spirits worse than he himself, and having gone in, they live there.",
"ref": "2013, Updated Gdańsk Bible, archived from the original on 2022-08-24, Matthew 12:45:",
"text": "Wówczas idzie i bierze ze sobą siedem innych duchów gorszych niż on sam i wszedłszy, mieszkają tam.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "As for the rest, because of the circumstances, I must have been mistaken much more often than I would dream of...",
"ref": "2018, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, translated by Maciej Wąs, Nowe Jeruzalem, 2nd edition, Chesterton Polska, page 20:",
"text": "Co do reszty, musiałem, ze względu na okoliczności, mylić się znacznie częściej, niż bym to sobie wymarzył...",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Southern Greater Poland Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southern Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialectal, Southern Greater Poland) before"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zanim"
}
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"links": [
[
"not only",
"not only"
],
[
"but",
"but"
],
[
"however",
"however"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) introduces a contrastive clause; not only; but, however"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "London is bigger than Warsaw.",
"text": "Londyn jest większy niż Warszawa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "aniżeliby"
},
{
"word": "od"
},
{
"word": "niżby"
},
{
"word": "niźli"
},
{
"word": "niźliby"
},
{
"word": "niżeli"
},
{
"word": "niżeliby"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "than"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "ż(e)"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"related": [
{
"word": "bardziej niż"
},
{
"word": "więcej niż"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"only, just, merely"
],
"links": [
[
"only",
"only"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"merely",
"merely"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) only, just, merely"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tylko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1500-1547, Libri legationum, page 8/133:",
"text": "bo my nyſzeſzmy thego doſſwyatczely iſſz tho czo ſye dzyalo za przodkow naſſzych […] bylo wſzyſthko dobrze",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1541, M. Rej, Psałterz, page 140v:",
"text": "NYſz ſpráwą myſlą zſſedwſſy ſie ſpołu/ rozráduymy ſie pánu ſwemu",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1549, M. Rej, Kupiec, page o6:",
"text": "Czos chces niz ſię winien dawam",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1558, E. Gliczner, Książki o wychowaniu dzieci, page Ov:",
"text": "Panie ſtrzez ſie chytry to Chłop A ſnaċ chytroſczj nicz [!] ktory Pop RejKup dd5; iż ſie dla thego vcżył/ áby ſwą náuką pożytecżnem ſie sſtał niż wten cżás gdy ná to ſie wſpomoże á záłoży",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1588, Acta primi regiminis Sigismundi III, page 155:",
"text": "Krol IMPan nasz na Zęby chor, ale iakis pod czas słaby bywa wszakze niz todwakroć albo trzy po odiachaniu wm wpole wyiezdzał",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niże"
},
{
"word": "neż"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "nież"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "low"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*nizъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "1582",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1582"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1582",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “niz, niż”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nizъ. First attested in 1582.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niż",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "niżach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niżu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "niże",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "niż m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "niżów"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"categories": [
"pl:Meteorology"
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"meteorology",
"meteorology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(meteorology) depression, low (area of lowered air pressure)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Geography"
],
"glosses": [
"depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"lowland",
"lowland"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) depression, lowland (low area)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "depresja"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "wyż"
}
],
"glosses": [
"depression, low (lowest level of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"low",
"low"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
],
"word": "niz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "niżyć"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of niżyć"
],
"links": [
[
"niżyć",
"niżyć#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/iʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "nizać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of nizać"
],
"links": [
[
"nizać",
"nizać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "nisz"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ/1 syllable",
"Silesian conjunctions",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian prepositions",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nim"
},
{
"word": "podwiel"
},
{
"word": "podwiela"
},
{
"word": "zaczym"
},
{
"word": "zanim"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "jak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/iʂ/1 syllable",
"Silesian conjunctions",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian prepositions",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian univerbations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "niż"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish niż",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "ni",
"4": "że<alt:ż(e)>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e)",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish niż. By surface analysis, univerbation of ni + ż(e).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "niż",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"niż"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"introduces a comparison; than"
],
"links": [
[
"than",
"than"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aniżeli"
},
{
"word": "jak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɲiʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʂ"
}
],
"word": "niż"
}
Download raw JSONL data for niż meaning in All languages combined (36.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Masovia",
"path": [
"niż"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "niż",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Masovia",
"path": [
"niż"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "niż",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Masovia",
"path": [
"niż"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "niż",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Masovia",
"path": [
"niż"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "niż",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"niż"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "niż",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"niż"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "niż",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.