See naturalize on Wiktionary
{ "antonyms": [ { "word": "denaturalize" }, { "tags": [ "verb" ], "word": "exile" }, { "tags": [ "verb" ], "word": "expatriate" }, { "tags": [ "verb" ], "word": "other" }, { "word": "supernaturalize" } ], "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "naturalized" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "naturalization" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "naturaliser" }, "expansion": "Middle French naturaliser", "name": "uder" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "natural", "3": "-ize" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, natural + -ize", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French naturaliser. By surface analysis, natural + -ize.", "forms": [ { "form": "naturalizes", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "naturalizing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "naturalized", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "naturalized", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "naturalize (third-person singular simple present naturalizes, present participle naturalizing, simple past and past participle naturalized)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "approximation" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "hyperforeignism" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "loanword" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "unadapted borrowing" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1964, Japanese National Commission for UNESCO, “History”, in Japan: Its Land, People and Culture, Revised edition, Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance, →OCLC, page 20, column 2:", "text": "Pakche was destroyed and five years later, Kokuryo was also swept away by T’ang and Silla. T’ang set up An-tontu-hu-fu (Government headquarters) at P’ing jang to rule the former territories of Pakche and Kokuryo. Many refugees from these destroyed states came to Japan and became naturalized as Japanese.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To grant citizenship to someone not born a citizen." ], "id": "en-naturalize-en-verb-qn1OFP51", "links": [ [ "grant", "grant" ], [ "citizenship", "citizenship" ], [ "citizen", "citizen" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To grant citizenship to someone not born a citizen." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "naturaliziram", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "натурализирам" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "guīhuà", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "归化" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rùjí", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "入籍" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "myöntää kansalaisuus" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalisoida" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturaliser" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "einbürgern" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "nāgrik banānā", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "नागरिक बनाना" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "honosít" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "állampolgárságot ad" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "eadóirsigh" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "éadaoirsigh" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "saoránacht a thabhairt do" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "whakatangatawhenua" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalizar" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturaliza" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalizar" }, { "_dis1": "93 1 0 2 4 0", "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalisera" } ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, chapter 8, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:", "text": "Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To acclimatize an animal or plant." ], "id": "en-naturalize-en-verb-~ZV-yEPc", "links": [ [ "acclimatize", "acclimatize" ], [ "animal", "animal" ], [ "plant", "plant" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To acclimatize an animal or plant." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "text": "Custom naturalizes labour or study.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "To make natural." ], "id": "en-naturalize-en-verb-annxUtba", "links": [ [ "natural", "natural" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "2 0 55 2 41 0", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "luonnollistaa" }, { "_dis1": "2 0 55 2 41 0", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "természetessé tesz" }, { "_dis1": "2 0 55 2 41 0", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "magától értetődővé tesz" }, { "_dis1": "2 0 55 2 41 0", "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "naturalizar" } ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "To limit explanations of a phenomenon to naturalistic ones and exclude supernatural ones." ], "id": "en-naturalize-en-verb-KfMeG9YC", "links": [ [ "limit", "limit" ], [ "explanation", "explanation" ], [ "phenomenon", "phenomenon" ], [ "naturalistic", "naturalistic" ], [ "exclude", "exclude" ], [ "supernatural", "supernatural" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To limit explanations of a phenomenon to naturalistic ones and exclude supernatural ones." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "1 1 1 89 9 0", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to limit explanations of a phenomenon to naturalistic ones", "word": "selittää luonnollisella tavalla" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "English links with manual fragments", "parents": [ "Links with manual fragments", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Linguistics", "orig": "en:Linguistics", "parents": [ "Language", "Social sciences", "Communication", "Sciences", "Society", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "7 8 4 23 55 2", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "12 15 8 20 37 8", "kind": "other", "name": "English terms suffixed with -ize", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "12 13 7 19 43 6", "kind": "other", "name": "English undefined derivations", "parents": [ "Undefined derivations", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "10 10 8 22 42 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 7 5 32 43 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 6 4 29 51 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "11 8 4 19 53 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "12 8 5 16 55 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Finnish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 12 8 18 46 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "8 10 5 18 54 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "7 7 4 16 62 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hindi translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 6 7 14 51 3", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Hungarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "12 8 5 16 55 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Irish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "9 7 8 14 51 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Mandarin translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "12 8 5 16 55 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Maori translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "10 12 4 15 55 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "12 8 5 16 55 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Romanian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "7 9 6 17 56 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "11 8 5 16 55 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Swedish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "In English, foreign words are typically written in italics until they are naturalized.", "type": "example" }, { "text": "English speakers have naturalized the French word \"café\".", "type": "example" }, { "text": "English orthography often (but not invariably) drops the diacritics from words that it has naturalized from other languages.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "To make (a word) a natural part of the language, using the native homologue of each phoneme (and often for each morpheme) of the imported word (e.g., native inflections)." ], "id": "en-naturalize-en-verb-en:linguistics", "links": [ [ "linguistics", "linguistics" ], [ "homologue", "homologue#Noun" ], [ "phoneme", "phoneme#Noun" ], [ "morpheme", "morpheme#Noun" ], [ "inflections", "inflection#Noun" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(linguistics, transitive) To make (a word) a natural part of the language, using the native homologue of each phoneme (and often for each morpheme) of the imported word (e.g., native inflections)." ], "senseid": [ "en:linguistics" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "paronymize" } ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences" ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "1 0 23 3 73 0", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zaimstvam", "sense": "linguistics: to make a natural part of a language", "word": "заимствам" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 23 3 73 0", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "linguistics: to make a natural part of a language", "word": "naturalisoida" }, { "_dis1": "1 0 23 3 73 0", "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "linguistics: to make a natural part of a language", "word": "meghonosít" } ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "1854, Somerton, The heiress of Somerton, page 226:", "text": "Well, any way, Doctor, we will make an appointment for a whole day here next spring ; we will botanize, herbarize and naturalize to our hearts' content, from morn till night.\"", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To study nature." ], "id": "en-naturalize-en-verb-Igy7cACu", "links": [ [ "study", "study" ], [ "nature", "nature" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, intransitive) To study nature." ], "tags": [ "intransitive", "transitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈnæt͡ʃəɹəˌlaɪz/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈnæt͡ʃɹəˌlaɪz/" }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav.ogg" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "naturalise" } ], "word": "naturalize" }
{ "antonyms": [ { "word": "denaturalize" }, { "tags": [ "verb" ], "word": "exile" }, { "tags": [ "verb" ], "word": "expatriate" }, { "tags": [ "verb" ], "word": "other" }, { "word": "supernaturalize" } ], "categories": [ "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English terms derived from Middle French", "English terms suffixed with -ize", "English undefined derivations", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swedish translations" ], "derived": [ { "tags": [ "adjective" ], "word": "naturalized" }, { "word": "naturalization" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "frm", "3": "naturaliser" }, "expansion": "Middle French naturaliser", "name": "uder" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "natural", "3": "-ize" }, "expansion": "By surface analysis, natural + -ize", "name": "surf" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle French naturaliser. By surface analysis, natural + -ize.", "forms": [ { "form": "naturalizes", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "naturalizing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "naturalized", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "naturalized", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "naturalize (third-person singular simple present naturalizes, present participle naturalizing, simple past and past participle naturalized)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "related": [ { "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "approximation" }, { "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "hyperforeignism" }, { "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "loanword" }, { "topics": [ "linguistics", "human-sciences", "sciences" ], "word": "unadapted borrowing" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1964, Japanese National Commission for UNESCO, “History”, in Japan: Its Land, People and Culture, Revised edition, Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance, →OCLC, page 20, column 2:", "text": "Pakche was destroyed and five years later, Kokuryo was also swept away by T’ang and Silla. T’ang set up An-tontu-hu-fu (Government headquarters) at P’ing jang to rule the former territories of Pakche and Kokuryo. Many refugees from these destroyed states came to Japan and became naturalized as Japanese.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To grant citizenship to someone not born a citizen." ], "links": [ [ "grant", "grant" ], [ "citizenship", "citizenship" ], [ "citizen", "citizen" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To grant citizenship to someone not born a citizen." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, chapter 8, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:", "text": "Its wearer suggested that pears and peaches might yet be naturalized in the New England climate.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To acclimatize an animal or plant." ], "links": [ [ "acclimatize", "acclimatize" ], [ "animal", "animal" ], [ "plant", "plant" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To acclimatize an animal or plant." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "text": "Custom naturalizes labour or study.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "To make natural." ], "links": [ [ "natural", "natural" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English transitive verbs" ], "glosses": [ "To limit explanations of a phenomenon to naturalistic ones and exclude supernatural ones." ], "links": [ [ "limit", "limit" ], [ "explanation", "explanation" ], [ "phenomenon", "phenomenon" ], [ "naturalistic", "naturalistic" ], [ "exclude", "exclude" ], [ "supernatural", "supernatural" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive) To limit explanations of a phenomenon to naturalistic ones and exclude supernatural ones." ], "tags": [ "transitive" ] }, { "categories": [ "English links with manual fragments", "English terms with usage examples", "English transitive verbs", "en:Linguistics" ], "examples": [ { "text": "In English, foreign words are typically written in italics until they are naturalized.", "type": "example" }, { "text": "English speakers have naturalized the French word \"café\".", "type": "example" }, { "text": "English orthography often (but not invariably) drops the diacritics from words that it has naturalized from other languages.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "To make (a word) a natural part of the language, using the native homologue of each phoneme (and often for each morpheme) of the imported word (e.g., native inflections)." ], "links": [ [ "linguistics", "linguistics" ], [ "homologue", "homologue#Noun" ], [ "phoneme", "phoneme#Noun" ], [ "morpheme", "morpheme#Noun" ], [ "inflections", "inflection#Noun" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(linguistics, transitive) To make (a word) a natural part of the language, using the native homologue of each phoneme (and often for each morpheme) of the imported word (e.g., native inflections)." ], "senseid": [ "en:linguistics" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "paronymize" } ], "tags": [ "transitive" ], "topics": [ "human-sciences", "linguistics", "sciences" ] }, { "categories": [ "English intransitive verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English transitive verbs" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1854, Somerton, The heiress of Somerton, page 226:", "text": "Well, any way, Doctor, we will make an appointment for a whole day here next spring ; we will botanize, herbarize and naturalize to our hearts' content, from morn till night.\"", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "To study nature." ], "links": [ [ "study", "study" ], [ "nature", "nature" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(transitive, intransitive) To study nature." ], "tags": [ "intransitive", "transitive" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈnæt͡ʃəɹəˌlaɪz/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈnæt͡ʃɹəˌlaɪz/" }, { "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-naturalize.wav.ogg" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "naturalise" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "naturaliziram", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "натурализирам" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "guīhuà", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "归化" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "rùjí", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "入籍" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "myöntää kansalaisuus" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalisoida" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturaliser" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "einbürgern" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "nāgrik banānā", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "नागरिक बनाना" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "honosít" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "állampolgárságot ad" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "eadóirsigh" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "éadaoirsigh" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "saoránacht a thabhairt do" }, { "code": "mi", "lang": "Maori", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "whakatangatawhenua" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalizar" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturaliza" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalizar" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to grant citizenship", "word": "naturalisera" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "luonnollistaa" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "természetessé tesz" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "magától értetődővé tesz" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to make to natural", "word": "naturalizar" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to limit explanations of a phenomenon to naturalistic ones", "word": "selittää luonnollisella tavalla" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "zaimstvam", "sense": "linguistics: to make a natural part of a language", "word": "заимствам" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "linguistics: to make a natural part of a language", "word": "naturalisoida" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "linguistics: to make a natural part of a language", "word": "meghonosít" } ], "word": "naturalize" }
Download raw JSONL data for naturalize meaning in All languages combined (9.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.