"approximation" meaning in All languages combined

See approximation on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ [UK], [əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [UK], /əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ [Canada, US], [əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [Canada, US], /əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃən/ [General-Australian], [əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃn̩] [General-Australian] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-approximation.wav [Southern-England], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Ajshul-approximation.wav [Canada] Forms: approximations [plural]
Rhymes: -eɪʃən Etymology: approximate + -ion Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|approximate|ion}} approximate + -ion Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} approximation (countable and uncountable, plural approximations)
  1. (uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:
    (mathematics) An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose.
    Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Mathematics Translations (imprecise solution): تَقْرِيب (taqrīb) [masculine] (Arabic), մոտավորություն (motavorutʻyun) (Armenian), приближение (približenie) (Bulgarian), přiblížení [neuter] (Czech), benadering (Dutch), schatting (Dutch), approksimaatio (Finnish), likiarvo (Finnish), approximation [feminine] (French), Approximation [feminine] (German), εκτίμηση (ektímisi) [feminine] (Greek), közelítés (Hungarian), közelítő becslés (Hungarian), nálgun [feminine] (Icelandic), approssimazione [feminine] (Italian), aproksymacja [feminine] (Polish), aproximação [feminine] (Portuguese), приближе́ние (približénije) [neuter] (Russian), аппроксима́ция (approksimácija) [feminine] (Russian), aproximación [feminine] (Spanish), närmevärde [neuter] (Swedish), approximation [common-gender] (Swedish), skattning [common-gender] (Swedish), dapit (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-approximation-en-noun-en:mathematical_ballpark Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ion Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 16 32 38 14 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ion: 19 28 35 18 Topics: mathematics, sciences Disambiguation of 'imprecise solution': 65 14 16 5
  2. (uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:
    (medicine) The act of bringing together the edges of tissue to be sutured.
    Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Medicine Synonyms: coaptation
    Sense id: en-approximation-en-noun-en:coaptation_of_tissue Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ion Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 16 32 38 14 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ion: 19 28 35 18 Topics: medicine, sciences
  3. (uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:
    (linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act.
    Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Linguistics, Numerical analysis
    Sense id: en-approximation-en-noun-en:phonetic_ballpark Disambiguation of Numerical analysis: 21 19 46 14 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -ion Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 16 32 38 14 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 24 23 37 17 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ion: 19 28 35 18 Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
  4. (uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as: Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-approximation-en-noun-p9ZD~t9s Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ion Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 16 32 38 14 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ion: 19 28 35 18
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Hyponyms: Born–Oppenheimer approximation, stationary phase approximation, Stirling's approximation, Wien approximation Related terms: interpolation Translations (act of approximating): մոտարկում (motarkum) (Armenian), приближение (približenie) (Bulgarian), tilnærmelse [common-gender] (Danish), benaderen (Dutch), schatten (Dutch), lähestyminen (Finnish), arvioiminen (Finnish), approksimointi (Finnish), rapprochement [masculine] (French), aproximación [feminine] (Galician), Approximieren [neuter] (German), προσέγγιση (proséngisi) [feminine] (Greek), קֵרוּב (qerúv) [masculine] (Hebrew), közeledés (Hungarian), közelítés (Hungarian), megközelítés (Hungarian), harmonizáció (Hungarian), nálgun [feminine] (Icelandic), aproksimasi (Indonesian), penghampiran (Indonesian), pendekatan (Indonesian), approssimazione [feminine] (Italian), penganggaran (Malay), penghampiran (Malay), ഏകദേശം (ēkadēśaṁ) (Malayalam), whakaāwhiwhiwhitanga (Maori), tilnærmelse [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), tilnærming [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), tilnærming [feminine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), aproksymacja [feminine] (Polish), aproximação [feminine] (Portuguese), aproximare (Romanian), aproximație [feminine] (Romanian), приближе́ние (približénije) [neuter] (Russian), aproximación [feminine] (Spanish), aproksimasyon (Tagalog)
Derived forms: approximation algorithm, approximation problem, approximation property, approximation theory, misapproximation, over-approximation, overapproximation, pseudoapproximation, reapproximation, to a first approximation, underapproximation Disambiguation of 'act of approximating': 25 26 25 25

Noun [French]

IPA: /a.pʁɔk.si.ma.sjɔ̃/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav Forms: approximations [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin approximātiōnem. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|fr|la|approximatio|approximātiōnem||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Latin approximātiōnem, {{bor+|fr|la|approximatio|approximātiōnem}} Borrowed from Latin approximātiōnem Head templates: {{fr-noun|f}} approximation f (plural approximations)
  1. approximation; an imprecise solution Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-approximation-fr-noun-S37NHVUK Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for approximation meaning in All languages combined (17.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "approximation algorithm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "approximation problem"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "approximation property"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "approximation theory"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "misapproximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "over-approximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "overapproximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pseudoapproximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "reapproximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "to a first approximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "underapproximation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "approximate",
        "3": "ion"
      },
      "expansion": "approximate + -ion",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "approximate + -ion",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "approximations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "approximation (countable and uncountable, plural approximations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
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  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Born–Oppenheimer approximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stationary phase approximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Stirling's approximation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Wien approximation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "interpolation"
    }
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  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "en:Mathematics",
          "parents": [
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            "Sciences",
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      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose."
      ],
      "id": "en-approximation-en-noun-en:mathematical_ballpark",
      "links": [
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          "approximating",
          "approximate"
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        [
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          "mathematics"
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          "solution"
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        [
          "result",
          "result"
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        [
          "adequate",
          "adequate"
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        [
          "defined",
          "defined"
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        [
          "purpose",
          "purpose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "(mathematics) An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:mathematical ballpark"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
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      "topics": [
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      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "taqrīb",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "تَقْرِيب"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "motavorutʻyun",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "մոտավորություն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "približenie",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "приближение"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "přiblížení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "benadering"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "schatting"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "approksimaatio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "likiarvo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "approximation"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Approximation"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ektímisi",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "εκτίμηση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "közelítés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "közelítő becslés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "nálgun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "approssimazione"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aproksymacja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aproximação"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "približénije",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "приближе́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "approksimácija",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "аппроксима́ция"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aproximación"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "närmevärde"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "approximation"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "skattning"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "65 14 16 5",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "imprecise solution",
          "word": "dapit"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Medicine",
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "The act of bringing together the edges of tissue to be sutured."
      ],
      "id": "en-approximation-en-noun-en:coaptation_of_tissue",
      "links": [
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          "approximate"
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        [
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          "medicine"
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        [
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          "bringing"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ],
        [
          "edge",
          "edge"
        ],
        [
          "tissue",
          "tissue"
        ],
        [
          "suture",
          "suture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "(medicine) The act of bringing together the edges of tissue to be sutured."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:coaptation of tissue"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "coaptation"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w"
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          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "24 23 37 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "_dis": "19 28 35 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 19 46 14",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Numerical analysis",
          "orig": "en:Numerical analysis",
          "parents": [
            "Mathematical analysis",
            "Mathematics",
            "Formal sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "For some loanwords borrowed from French into English, the standard English pronunciation is an approximation of the French, as with denoument.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act."
      ],
      "id": "en-approximation-en-noun-en:phonetic_ballpark",
      "links": [
        [
          "approximating",
          "approximate"
        ],
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "pronunciation",
          "pronunciation#English"
        ],
        [
          "loanword",
          "loanword#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:phonetic ballpark"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 28 35 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, Tsitsi Dangarembga, This Mournable Body, Faber & Faber (2020), page 5",
          "text": "At the back of the cupboard, you find your interview skirt, the one you bought when you had cash to purchase an approximation of the fashion spreads you mulled over in magazines.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as"
      ],
      "id": "en-approximation-en-noun-p9ZD~t9s",
      "links": [
        [
          "approximating",
          "approximate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃn̩]",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-approximation.wav",
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Ajshul-approximation.wav",
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      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (CA)"
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  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "motarkum",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "մոտարկում"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "približenie",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "приближение"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærmelse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "benaderen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "schatten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "lähestyminen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "arvioiminen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "approksimointi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rapprochement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximación"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Approximieren"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "proséngisi",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "προσέγγιση"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "qerúv",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קֵרוּב"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "közeledés"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "közelítés"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "megközelítés"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "harmonizáció"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nálgun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "aproksimasi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "penghampiran"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "pendekatan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "approssimazione"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "penganggaran"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "penghampiran"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "ēkadēśaṁ",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "ഏകദേശം"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "whakaāwhiwhiwhitanga"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærmelse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærming"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærming"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproksymacja"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximação"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "aproximare"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximație"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "približénije",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "приближе́ние"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximación"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "25 26 25 25",
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "aproksimasyon"
    }
  ],
  "word": "approximation"
}

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  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
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      },
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      "args": {
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        "2": "la",
        "3": "approximatio",
        "4": "approximātiōnem",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin approximātiōnem",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "approximatio",
        "4": "approximātiōnem"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin approximātiōnem",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin approximātiōnem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "approximations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
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      "expansion": "approximation f (plural approximations)",
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  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
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          "source": "w"
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      "glosses": [
        "approximation; an imprecise solution"
      ],
      "id": "en-approximation-fr-noun-S37NHVUK",
      "links": [
        [
          "approximation",
          "approximation#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɔk.si.ma.sjɔ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav.mp3",
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      "text": "Audio"
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  "word": "approximation"
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{
  "categories": [
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    "English 6-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ion",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
    "Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/5 syllables",
    "en:Numerical analysis"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "approximation algorithm"
    },
    {
      "word": "approximation problem"
    },
    {
      "word": "approximation property"
    },
    {
      "word": "approximation theory"
    },
    {
      "word": "misapproximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "over-approximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "overapproximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "pseudoapproximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "reapproximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "to a first approximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "underapproximation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "approximate",
        "3": "ion"
      },
      "expansion": "approximate + -ion",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "approximate + -ion",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "approximations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "approximation (countable and uncountable, plural approximations)",
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  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "word": "Born–Oppenheimer approximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "stationary phase approximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "Stirling's approximation"
    },
    {
      "word": "Wien approximation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "interpolation"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Mathematics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "approximating",
          "approximate"
        ],
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "imprecise",
          "imprecise"
        ],
        [
          "solution",
          "solution"
        ],
        [
          "result",
          "result"
        ],
        [
          "adequate",
          "adequate"
        ],
        [
          "defined",
          "defined"
        ],
        [
          "purpose",
          "purpose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "(mathematics) An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:mathematical ballpark"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "The act of bringing together the edges of tissue to be sutured."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "approximating",
          "approximate"
        ],
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "bringing",
          "bringing"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ],
        [
          "edge",
          "edge"
        ],
        [
          "tissue",
          "tissue"
        ],
        [
          "suture",
          "suture"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "(medicine) The act of bringing together the edges of tissue to be sutured."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:coaptation of tissue"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "coaptation"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "For some loanwords borrowed from French into English, the standard English pronunciation is an approximation of the French, as with denoument.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "approximating",
          "approximate"
        ],
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ],
        [
          "near",
          "near"
        ],
        [
          "pronunciation",
          "pronunciation#English"
        ],
        [
          "loanword",
          "loanword#English"
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:phonetic ballpark"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, Tsitsi Dangarembga, This Mournable Body, Faber & Faber (2020), page 5",
          "text": "At the back of the cupboard, you find your interview skirt, the one you bought when you had cash to purchase an approximation of the fashion spreads you mulled over in magazines.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as:",
        "The act, process or result of approximating, as"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "approximating",
          "approximate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable, countable) The act, process or result of approximating, as:"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩]",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃn̩]",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
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      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Ajshul-approximation.wav",
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      "tags": [
        "Canada"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (CA)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "motarkum",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "մոտարկում"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "približenie",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "приближение"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærmelse"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "benaderen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "schatten"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "lähestyminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "arvioiminen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "approksimointi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rapprochement"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximación"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Approximieren"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "proséngisi",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "προσέγγιση"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "qerúv",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קֵרוּב"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "közeledés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "közelítés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "megközelítés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "harmonizáció"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nálgun"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "aproksimasi"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "penghampiran"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "pendekatan"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "approssimazione"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "penganggaran"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "penghampiran"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "ēkadēśaṁ",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "ഏകദേശം"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "whakaāwhiwhiwhitanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærmelse"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærming"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tilnærming"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproksymacja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximação"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "aproximare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximație"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "približénije",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "приближе́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximación"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "act of approximating",
      "word": "aproksimasyon"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "taqrīb",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "تَقْرِيب"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "motavorutʻyun",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "մոտավորություն"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "približenie",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "приближение"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "přiblížení"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "benadering"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "schatting"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "approksimaatio"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "likiarvo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "approximation"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Approximation"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ektímisi",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "εκτίμηση"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "közelítés"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "közelítő becslés"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "nálgun"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "approssimazione"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproksymacja"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximação"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "približénije",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "приближе́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "approksimácija",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "аппроксима́ция"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aproximación"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "närmevärde"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "approximation"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "skattning"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "imprecise solution",
      "word": "dapit"
    }
  ],
  "word": "approximation"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "approximatio",
        "4": "approximātiōnem",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Latin approximātiōnem",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "approximatio",
        "4": "approximātiōnem"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin approximātiōnem",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin approximātiōnem.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "approximations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "approximation f (plural approximations)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French 5-syllable words",
        "French countable nouns",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French feminine nouns",
        "French lemmas",
        "French nouns",
        "French terms borrowed from Latin",
        "French terms derived from Latin",
        "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "French terms with audio links"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "approximation; an imprecise solution"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "approximation",
          "approximation#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/a.pʁɔk.si.ma.sjɔ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-approximation.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "approximation"
}
{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''The act, process or result of '[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "approximation"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "approximation",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.