See masca on Wiktionary
{ "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gl", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "masca", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Galician", "lang_code": "gl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "87 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 1 0 7 0 1 0 18 19 1 12 19 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "third-person singular present indicative" ], "id": "en-masca-gl-verb-F1KyYVyW", "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Galician" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "second-person singular imperative" ], "id": "en-masca-gl-verb-tyilLMVH", "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Galician" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] } ], "word": "masca" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Italo-Dalmatian" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "maschera" }, "expansion": "Italian: maschera", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Italian: maschera (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "scn", "2": "màscara" }, "expansion": "Sicilian: màscara", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sicilian: màscara" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pro", "2": "masca" }, "expansion": "Old Occitan: masca", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Occitan: masca" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "masca" }, "expansion": "Occitan: masca", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Occitan: masca" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pro", "2": "mascoto", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "prv", "2": "mascota" }, "expansion": "Provençal: mascota", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Provençal: mascota" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "mascotte", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ French: mascotte", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "→ French: mascotte (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gl", "2": "mascoto", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Galician: mascoto", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Galician: mascoto" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vec", "2": "máscara" }, "expansion": "Venetan: máscara", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Venetan: máscara" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*maskā", "t": "mesh" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Larve" }, "expansion": "German Larve", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*maskā", "3": "*-þr", "4": "*-ā", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "*maskā + *-þr + *-ā", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "mæsċre" }, "expansion": "Old English mæsċre", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "maschera" }, "expansion": "Italian maschera", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "mascurer" }, "expansion": "Old French mascurer", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "mascarar" }, "expansion": "Occitan mascarar", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "mascarar" }, "expansion": "Catalan mascarar", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "wa", "2": "maxhurer" }, "expansion": "Walloon maxhurer", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "مَسْخَرَة", "t": "buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous" }, "expansion": "Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”), from the practice of wearing mesh netting over the face as a mask to filter air, keeping soot and dust particles from entering the lungs. As in German Larve or Fratze—and other words the reader may adduce for completion—, via the idea of any nightmarish appearance senses of “a spectre” and “a witch” secondarily derived, though they be attested and perhaps borrowed before the main sense in Latin.\nA variation with an -r- suffix, perhaps *maskā + *-þr + *-ā, found already simplified in Old English mæsċre, was presumably also borrowed into Latin, to account for Italian maschera, resolving the consonant cluster further by anaptyxis, and perhaps connecting the Latin-Romance suffix -āria, and some adduce Old French mascurer, maschurer (“to blacken (the face)”), Occitan mascarar, Catalan mascarar, Walloon maxhurer, derived from mascher (“to thump”) and well-known Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”) from سَخِرَ (saḵira, “to ridicule, to laugh at”), for which derivation one would have to imagine Early Islamic society inclined to comedy even towards the Christian world, apparently contrasting the dark notions behind the Germanic term.", "forms": [ { "form": "masca", "tags": [ "canonical", "feminine" ] }, { "form": "first declension [first attested in 643]", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "la-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "masca", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascārum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascam", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascās", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascā", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "masca", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "masca<1>" }, "expansion": "masca f (genitive mascae); first declension", "name": "la-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "masca<1>" }, "name": "la-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 197:", "text": "De crimen nefandum. Si quis mundium de puella libera aut muliere habens eamque strigam, quod est mascam, clamaverit, excepto pater aut frater, ammittat mundium ipsius, ut supra, et illa potestatem habeat vult ad parentes, vult curtem regis cum rebus suis propriis se commendare, qui mundium eius in potestatem debeat habere. Et si vir ille negaverit, hoc crimen non dixissit, liceat eum se pureficare et mundium, sicut habuit, habere, si se pureficaverit.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 376:", "text": "Nullus presumat aldiam alienam aut ancillam quasi strigam, quem dicunt mascam, occidere, quod christianis mentibus nullatenus credendum est nec possibilem, ut mulier hominem vivum intrinsecus possit comedere. Si quis de cetero talem inlecitam et nefandam rem penetrare presumpserit: si aldiam occiderit, conponat pro statum eius solidos LX, et insuper addat pro culpa solidos centum, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius aldia fuerit. Si autem ancilla fuerit, conponat pro statum eius, ut supra constitutum est, si ministiriales aut rusticana fuerit; et insuper pro culpa solidos LX, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius ancilla fuerit. Si vero iudex huic opus malum penetrare iusserit, ipse de suo proprio pena suprascripta conponat.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "witch, hag" ], "id": "en-masca-la-noun-47DDluB7", "links": [ [ "witch", "witch#English" ], [ "hag", "hag#English" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "2 96 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 47 26", "kind": "other", "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "spectre; nightmare" ], "id": "en-masca-la-noun-lqjhwSFP", "links": [ [ "spectre", "spectre#English" ], [ "nightmare", "nightmare#English" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "mask" ], "id": "en-masca-la-noun-SL-bTxQq", "links": [ [ "mask", "mask#English" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "mascha" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "mascara" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "*mascra" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Akademie-Verlag", "Berlin", "Humour in Islam", "Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)" ], "word": "masca" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "pro", "3": "mascoto" }, "expansion": "Old Occitan mascoto", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "ML.", "3": "masca", "4": "", "5": "specter, nightmare" }, "expansion": "Medieval Latin masca (“specter, nightmare”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old Occitan mascoto, from Medieval Latin masca (“specter, nightmare”); see mask for more.", "forms": [ { "form": "mascas", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "nouns", "g": "f", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "masca f", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "f" }, "expansion": "masca f (plural mascas)", "name": "oc-noun" } ], "lang": "Occitan", "lang_code": "oc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "86 14", "kind": "other", "name": "Occitan entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "witch (person who uses magic)" ], "id": "en-masca-oc-noun-llB9Jy0a", "links": [ [ "witch", "witch" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "100 0", "sense": "witch", "word": "fachilhièra" }, { "_dis1": "100 0", "sense": "witch", "word": "bruèissa" } ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] }, { "glosses": [ "mask" ], "id": "en-masca-oc-noun-SL-bTxQq", "links": [ [ "mask", "mask" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 100", "sense": "mask", "word": "masqueta" } ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav.ogg" } ], "word": "masca" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmh", "2": "masche" }, "expansion": "Middle High German: masche", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle High German: masche" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Masche" }, "expansion": "German: Masche", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "German: Masche" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lb", "2": "Masch" }, "expansion": "Luxembourgish: Masch", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Luxembourgish: Masch" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "gem-pro", "inh": "1" }, "expansion": "", "name": "dercat" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*maskā", "t": "mesh" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "6": "", "g": "f", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "masca f", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "f" }, "expansion": "masca f", "name": "goh-noun" } ], "lang": "Old High German", "lang_code": "goh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 7 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "16 2 0 6 0 1 0 23 16 2 16 16 2", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 7 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 1 0 7 0 1 0 18 19 1 12 19 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "mesh" ], "id": "en-masca-goh-noun-0wynp6Mr", "links": [ [ "mesh", "mesh" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "maska" }, { "word": "māska" }, { "word": "māsca" } ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] } ], "word": "masca" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pt", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "masca", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Portuguese", "lang_code": "pt", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "19 1 0 7 0 1 0 18 19 1 12 19 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "87 13", "kind": "other", "name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "third-person singular present indicative" ], "id": "en-masca-pt-verb-F1KyYVyW", "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Portuguese" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "second-person singular imperative" ], "id": "en-masca-pt-verb-tyilLMVH", "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Portuguese" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] } ], "word": "masca" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "fr", "3": "masquer" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from French masquer", "name": "bor+" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French masquer.", "forms": [ { "form": "a masca", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascat", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "conjugation-1", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ro-conj-a-ez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "a masca", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "mascând", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "mascat", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "maschez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "maschezi", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "masca", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "mascau", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascași", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mască", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascarăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascarăți", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "mascară", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascasem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascaseși", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascase", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascaserăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascaserăți", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "mascaseră", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "să maschez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să maschezi", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să mascheze", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "să mascăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să mascheze", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "nu masca", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "nu mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "maschează", "2": "mascat", "conj": "1" }, "expansion": "a masca (third-person singular present maschează, past participle mascat) 1st conj.", "name": "ro-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "ro-conj-a-ez" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 7 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "19 1 0 7 0 1 0 18 19 1 12 19 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "to mask, to hide" ], "id": "en-masca-ro-verb-u1z6lXnu", "links": [ [ "mask", "mask" ], [ "hide", "hide" ] ], "tags": [ "conjugation-1" ] } ], "word": "masca" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "es", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "masca", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Spanish", "lang_code": "es", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "19 1 0 7 0 1 0 18 19 1 12 19 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "89 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "third-person singular present indicative" ], "id": "en-masca-es-verb-F1KyYVyW", "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Spanish" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "second-person singular imperative" ], "id": "en-masca-es-verb-tyilLMVH", "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Spanish" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] } ], "word": "masca" }
{ "categories": [ "Galician entries with incorrect language header", "Galician non-lemma forms", "Galician verb forms", "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gl", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "masca", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Galician", "lang_code": "gl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "third-person singular present indicative" ], "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Galician" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "second-person singular imperative" ], "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Galician" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] } ], "word": "masca" } { "categories": [ "Latin entries with incorrect language header", "Latin feminine nouns", "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension", "Latin first declension nouns", "Latin lemmas", "Latin nouns", "Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables", "Latin terms borrowed from Proto-West Germanic", "Latin terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Italo-Dalmatian" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "maschera" }, "expansion": "Italian: maschera", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Italian: maschera (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "scn", "2": "màscara" }, "expansion": "Sicilian: màscara", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sicilian: màscara" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pro", "2": "masca" }, "expansion": "Old Occitan: masca", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Occitan: masca" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "masca" }, "expansion": "Occitan: masca", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Occitan: masca" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pro", "2": "mascoto", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "prv", "2": "mascota" }, "expansion": "Provençal: mascota", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Provençal: mascota" }, { "depth": 4, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "fr", "2": "mascotte", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ French: mascotte", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "→ French: mascotte (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gl", "2": "mascoto", "bor": "1" }, "expansion": "→ Galician: mascoto", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Galician: mascoto" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "vec", "2": "máscara" }, "expansion": "Venetan: máscara", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Venetan: máscara" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*maskā", "t": "mesh" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”)", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Larve" }, "expansion": "German Larve", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gmw-pro", "2": "*maskā", "3": "*-þr", "4": "*-ā", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "*maskā + *-þr + *-ā", "name": "af" }, { "args": { "1": "ang", "2": "mæsċre" }, "expansion": "Old English mæsċre", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "it", "2": "maschera" }, "expansion": "Italian maschera", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fro", "2": "mascurer" }, "expansion": "Old French mascurer", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "mascarar" }, "expansion": "Occitan mascarar", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ca", "2": "mascarar" }, "expansion": "Catalan mascarar", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "wa", "2": "maxhurer" }, "expansion": "Walloon maxhurer", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "مَسْخَرَة", "t": "buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous" }, "expansion": "Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”), from the practice of wearing mesh netting over the face as a mask to filter air, keeping soot and dust particles from entering the lungs. As in German Larve or Fratze—and other words the reader may adduce for completion—, via the idea of any nightmarish appearance senses of “a spectre” and “a witch” secondarily derived, though they be attested and perhaps borrowed before the main sense in Latin.\nA variation with an -r- suffix, perhaps *maskā + *-þr + *-ā, found already simplified in Old English mæsċre, was presumably also borrowed into Latin, to account for Italian maschera, resolving the consonant cluster further by anaptyxis, and perhaps connecting the Latin-Romance suffix -āria, and some adduce Old French mascurer, maschurer (“to blacken (the face)”), Occitan mascarar, Catalan mascarar, Walloon maxhurer, derived from mascher (“to thump”) and well-known Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”) from سَخِرَ (saḵira, “to ridicule, to laugh at”), for which derivation one would have to imagine Early Islamic society inclined to comedy even towards the Christian world, apparently contrasting the dark notions behind the Germanic term.", "forms": [ { "form": "masca", "tags": [ "canonical", "feminine" ] }, { "form": "first declension [first attested in 643]", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "la-ndecl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "masca", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascārum", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascam", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascās", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascā", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascīs", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "masca", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "mascae", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "masca<1>" }, "expansion": "masca f (genitive mascae); first declension", "name": "la-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "masca<1>" }, "name": "la-ndecl" } ], "lang": "Latin", "lang_code": "la", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Latin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Latin quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 197:", "text": "De crimen nefandum. Si quis mundium de puella libera aut muliere habens eamque strigam, quod est mascam, clamaverit, excepto pater aut frater, ammittat mundium ipsius, ut supra, et illa potestatem habeat vult ad parentes, vult curtem regis cum rebus suis propriis se commendare, qui mundium eius in potestatem debeat habere. Et si vir ille negaverit, hoc crimen non dixissit, liceat eum se pureficare et mundium, sicut habuit, habere, si se pureficaverit.", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 376:", "text": "Nullus presumat aldiam alienam aut ancillam quasi strigam, quem dicunt mascam, occidere, quod christianis mentibus nullatenus credendum est nec possibilem, ut mulier hominem vivum intrinsecus possit comedere. Si quis de cetero talem inlecitam et nefandam rem penetrare presumpserit: si aldiam occiderit, conponat pro statum eius solidos LX, et insuper addat pro culpa solidos centum, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius aldia fuerit. Si autem ancilla fuerit, conponat pro statum eius, ut supra constitutum est, si ministiriales aut rusticana fuerit; et insuper pro culpa solidos LX, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius ancilla fuerit. Si vero iudex huic opus malum penetrare iusserit, ipse de suo proprio pena suprascripta conponat.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "witch, hag" ], "links": [ [ "witch", "witch#English" ], [ "hag", "hag#English" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "spectre; nightmare" ], "links": [ [ "spectre", "spectre#English" ], [ "nightmare", "nightmare#English" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "mask" ], "links": [ [ "mask", "mask#English" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "mascha" }, { "word": "mascara" }, { "word": "*mascra" } ], "wikipedia": [ "Akademie-Verlag", "Berlin", "Humour in Islam", "Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)" ], "word": "masca" } { "categories": [ "Occitan countable nouns", "Occitan entries with incorrect language header", "Occitan feminine nouns", "Occitan lemmas", "Occitan nouns", "Occitan terms derived from Medieval Latin", "Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan", "Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan", "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "pro", "3": "mascoto" }, "expansion": "Old Occitan mascoto", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "ML.", "3": "masca", "4": "", "5": "specter, nightmare" }, "expansion": "Medieval Latin masca (“specter, nightmare”)", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old Occitan mascoto, from Medieval Latin masca (“specter, nightmare”); see mask for more.", "forms": [ { "form": "mascas", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "oc", "2": "nouns", "g": "f", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "masca f", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "f" }, "expansion": "masca f (plural mascas)", "name": "oc-noun" } ], "lang": "Occitan", "lang_code": "oc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "witch (person who uses magic)" ], "links": [ [ "witch", "witch" ] ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] }, { "glosses": [ "mask" ], "links": [ [ "mask", "mask" ] ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "audio": "LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-masca.wav.ogg" } ], "synonyms": [ { "sense": "witch", "word": "fachilhièra" }, { "sense": "witch", "word": "bruèissa" }, { "sense": "mask", "word": "masqueta" } ], "word": "masca" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gmh", "2": "masche" }, "expansion": "Middle High German: masche", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Middle High German: masche" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Masche" }, "expansion": "German: Masche", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "German: Masche" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lb", "2": "Masch" }, "expansion": "Luxembourgish: Masch", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Luxembourgish: Masch" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "gem-pro", "inh": "1" }, "expansion": "", "name": "dercat" }, { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*maskā", "t": "mesh" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "goh", "2": "noun", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "6": "", "g": "f", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "masca f", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "f" }, "expansion": "masca f", "name": "goh-noun" } ], "lang": "Old High German", "lang_code": "goh", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Old High German entries with incorrect language header", "Old High German feminine nouns", "Old High German lemmas", "Old High German nouns", "Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "glosses": [ "mesh" ], "links": [ [ "mesh", "mesh" ] ], "tags": [ "feminine" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "maska" }, { "word": "māska" }, { "word": "māsca" } ], "word": "masca" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries", "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header", "Portuguese non-lemma forms", "Portuguese verb forms" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pt", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "masca", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Portuguese", "lang_code": "pt", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "third-person singular present indicative" ], "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Portuguese" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "second-person singular imperative" ], "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Portuguese" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] } ], "word": "masca" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ro", "2": "fr", "3": "masquer" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from French masquer", "name": "bor+" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French masquer.", "forms": [ { "form": "a masca", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascat", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "conjugation-1", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ro-conj-a-ez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "a masca", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "infinitive" ] }, { "form": "mascând", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "gerund" ] }, { "form": "mascat", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "maschez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form": "maschezi", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "plural", "present" ] }, { "form": "mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "plural", "present", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "masca", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascam", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "imperfect", "indicative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "mascau", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperfect", "indicative", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascai", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascași", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mască", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascarăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "perfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascarăți", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "mascară", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "perfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascasem", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascaseși", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascase", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mascaserăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural" ] }, { "form": "mascaserăți", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "mascaseră", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "indicative", "pluperfect", "plural", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "să maschez", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "present", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să maschezi", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "second-person", "singular", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să mascheze", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "să mascăm", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "first-person", "plural", "present", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "second-person", "subjunctive" ] }, { "form": "să mascheze", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "plural", "present", "subjunctive", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "maschează", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "plural", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "nu masca", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form": "nu mascați", "source": "conjugation", "tags": [ "imperative", "negative", "plural", "second-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "maschează", "2": "mascat", "conj": "1" }, "expansion": "a masca (third-person singular present maschează, past participle mascat) 1st conj.", "name": "ro-verb" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": {}, "name": "ro-conj-a-ez" } ], "lang": "Romanian", "lang_code": "ro", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries", "Romanian entries with incorrect language header", "Romanian lemmas", "Romanian terms borrowed from French", "Romanian terms derived from French", "Romanian verbs", "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation" ], "glosses": [ "to mask, to hide" ], "links": [ [ "mask", "mask" ], [ "hide", "hide" ] ], "tags": [ "conjugation-1" ] } ], "word": "masca" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 7 entries", "Pages with entries", "Spanish entries with incorrect language header", "Spanish non-lemma forms", "Spanish verb forms" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "es", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "masca", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Spanish", "lang_code": "es", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "third-person singular present indicative" ], "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Spanish" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "mascar" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of mascar:", "second-person singular imperative" ], "links": [ [ "mascar", "mascar#Spanish" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative", "second-person", "singular" ] } ], "word": "masca" }
Download raw JSONL data for masca meaning in All languages combined (18.8kB)
{ "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147", "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'first declension [first attested in 643]' in 'masca f (genitive mascae); first declension [first attested in 643]'", "path": [ "masca" ], "section": "Latin", "subsection": "noun", "title": "masca", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.