"masca" meaning in Latin

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "maschera"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: maschera",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: maschera (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "màscara"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: màscara",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: màscara"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "masca"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: masca",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: masca"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "masca"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: masca",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: masca"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "mascoto",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prv",
            "2": "mascota"
          },
          "expansion": "Provençal: mascota",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Provençal: mascota"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "mascotte",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: mascotte",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: mascotte (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "mascoto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: mascoto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: mascoto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "máscara"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetan: máscara",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetan: máscara"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*maskā",
        "t": "mesh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Larve"
      },
      "expansion": "German Larve",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*maskā",
        "3": "*-þr",
        "4": "*-ā",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*maskā + *-þr + *-ā",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "mæsċre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English mæsċre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "maschera"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian maschera",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "mascurer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French mascurer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "mascarar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan mascarar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "mascarar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan mascarar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wa",
        "2": "maxhurer"
      },
      "expansion": "Walloon maxhurer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "مَسْخَرَة",
        "t": "buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”), from the practice of wearing mesh netting over the face as a mask to filter air, keeping soot and dust particles from entering the lungs. As in German Larve or Fratze—and other words the reader may adduce for completion—, via the idea of any nightmarish appearance senses of “a spectre” and “a witch” secondarily derived, though they be attested and perhaps borrowed before the main sense in Latin.\nA variation with an -r- suffix, perhaps *maskā + *-þr + *-ā, found already simplified in Old English mæsċre, was presumably also borrowed into Latin, to account for Italian maschera, resolving the consonant cluster further by anaptyxis, and perhaps connecting the Latin-Romance suffix -āria, and some adduce Old French mascurer, maschurer (“to blacken (the face)”), Occitan mascarar, Catalan mascarar, Walloon maxhurer, derived from mascher (“to thump”) and well-known Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”) from سَخِرَ (saḵira, “to ridicule, to laugh at”), for which derivation one would have to imagine Early Islamic society inclined to comedy even towards the Christian world, apparently contrasting the dark notions behind the Germanic term.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "masca",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "first declension [first attested in 643]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "masca<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "masca f (genitive mascae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "masca<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 197:",
          "text": "De crimen nefandum. Si quis mundium de puella libera aut muliere habens eamque strigam, quod est mascam, clamaverit, excepto pater aut frater, ammittat mundium ipsius, ut supra, et illa potestatem habeat vult ad parentes, vult curtem regis cum rebus suis propriis se commendare, qui mundium eius in potestatem debeat habere. Et si vir ille negaverit, hoc crimen non dixissit, liceat eum se pureficare et mundium, sicut habuit, habere, si se pureficaverit.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 376:",
          "text": "Nullus presumat aldiam alienam aut ancillam quasi strigam, quem dicunt mascam, occidere, quod christianis mentibus nullatenus credendum est nec possibilem, ut mulier hominem vivum intrinsecus possit comedere. Si quis de cetero talem inlecitam et nefandam rem penetrare presumpserit: si aldiam occiderit, conponat pro statum eius solidos LX, et insuper addat pro culpa solidos centum, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius aldia fuerit. Si autem ancilla fuerit, conponat pro statum eius, ut supra constitutum est, si ministiriales aut rusticana fuerit; et insuper pro culpa solidos LX, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius ancilla fuerit. Si vero iudex huic opus malum penetrare iusserit, ipse de suo proprio pena suprascripta conponat.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "witch, hag"
      ],
      "id": "en-masca-la-noun-47DDluB7",
      "links": [
        [
          "witch",
          "witch#English"
        ],
        [
          "hag",
          "hag#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 96 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 47 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spectre; nightmare"
      ],
      "id": "en-masca-la-noun-lqjhwSFP",
      "links": [
        [
          "spectre",
          "spectre#English"
        ],
        [
          "nightmare",
          "nightmare#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mask"
      ],
      "id": "en-masca-la-noun-SL-bTxQq",
      "links": [
        [
          "mask",
          "mask#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mascha"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mascara"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "*mascra"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Akademie-Verlag",
    "Berlin",
    "Humour in Islam",
    "Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)"
  ],
  "word": "masca"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Latin first declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
    "Latin terms borrowed from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Italo-Dalmatian"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "maschera"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: maschera",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: maschera (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "màscara"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: màscara",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: màscara"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "masca"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Occitan: masca",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Occitan: masca"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "masca"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: masca",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: masca"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "mascoto",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Old Occitan: mascoto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prv",
            "2": "mascota"
          },
          "expansion": "Provençal: mascota",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Provençal: mascota"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "mascotte",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: mascotte",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: mascotte (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "mascoto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: mascoto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: mascoto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "máscara"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetan: máscara",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetan: máscara"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*maskā",
        "t": "mesh"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Larve"
      },
      "expansion": "German Larve",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*maskā",
        "3": "*-þr",
        "4": "*-ā",
        "nocat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "*maskā + *-þr + *-ā",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "mæsċre"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English mæsċre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "maschera"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian maschera",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "mascurer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French mascurer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "mascarar"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan mascarar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "mascarar"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan mascarar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wa",
        "2": "maxhurer"
      },
      "expansion": "Walloon maxhurer",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "مَسْخَرَة",
        "t": "buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *maskā (“mesh”), from the practice of wearing mesh netting over the face as a mask to filter air, keeping soot and dust particles from entering the lungs. As in German Larve or Fratze—and other words the reader may adduce for completion—, via the idea of any nightmarish appearance senses of “a spectre” and “a witch” secondarily derived, though they be attested and perhaps borrowed before the main sense in Latin.\nA variation with an -r- suffix, perhaps *maskā + *-þr + *-ā, found already simplified in Old English mæsċre, was presumably also borrowed into Latin, to account for Italian maschera, resolving the consonant cluster further by anaptyxis, and perhaps connecting the Latin-Romance suffix -āria, and some adduce Old French mascurer, maschurer (“to blacken (the face)”), Occitan mascarar, Catalan mascarar, Walloon maxhurer, derived from mascher (“to thump”) and well-known Arabic مَسْخَرَة (masḵara, “buffoon, fool, laughing-stock, anything ridiculous”) from سَخِرَ (saḵira, “to ridicule, to laugh at”), for which derivation one would have to imagine Early Islamic society inclined to comedy even towards the Christian world, apparently contrasting the dark notions behind the Germanic term.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "masca",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "first declension [first attested in 643]",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mascae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "masca<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "masca f (genitive mascae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "masca<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations",
        "Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 197:",
          "text": "De crimen nefandum. Si quis mundium de puella libera aut muliere habens eamque strigam, quod est mascam, clamaverit, excepto pater aut frater, ammittat mundium ipsius, ut supra, et illa potestatem habeat vult ad parentes, vult curtem regis cum rebus suis propriis se commendare, qui mundium eius in potestatem debeat habere. Et si vir ille negaverit, hoc crimen non dixissit, liceat eum se pureficare et mundium, sicut habuit, habere, si se pureficaverit.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "643, Edictum Rothari, section 376:",
          "text": "Nullus presumat aldiam alienam aut ancillam quasi strigam, quem dicunt mascam, occidere, quod christianis mentibus nullatenus credendum est nec possibilem, ut mulier hominem vivum intrinsecus possit comedere. Si quis de cetero talem inlecitam et nefandam rem penetrare presumpserit: si aldiam occiderit, conponat pro statum eius solidos LX, et insuper addat pro culpa solidos centum, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius aldia fuerit. Si autem ancilla fuerit, conponat pro statum eius, ut supra constitutum est, si ministiriales aut rusticana fuerit; et insuper pro culpa solidos LX, medietatem regi et medietatem cuius ancilla fuerit. Si vero iudex huic opus malum penetrare iusserit, ipse de suo proprio pena suprascripta conponat.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "witch, hag"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "witch",
          "witch#English"
        ],
        [
          "hag",
          "hag#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spectre; nightmare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spectre",
          "spectre#English"
        ],
        [
          "nightmare",
          "nightmare#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mask"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mask",
          "mask#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "mascha"
    },
    {
      "word": "mascara"
    },
    {
      "word": "*mascra"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Akademie-Verlag",
    "Berlin",
    "Humour in Islam",
    "Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)"
  ],
  "word": "masca"
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'first declension [first attested in 643]' in 'masca f (genitive mascae); first declension [first attested in 643]'",
  "path": [
    "masca"
  ],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "masca",
  "trace": ""
}