See mangelen on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "manglen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "mangelen c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of mangel"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-da-noun-jYk~~49h",
"links": [
[
"mangel",
"mangel#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mangelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mangeln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mangeln",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch mangelen, from Middle High German mangeln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mangele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gemangeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to lack"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nl-verb-nl:lack",
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) to lack"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:lack"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"sense": "lack",
"word": "ontbreken"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 73 7 7 3 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 68 6 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 79 4 3 4 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fail, fall short"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nl-verb-nl:fail",
"links": [
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"fall short",
"fall short"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) to fail, fall short"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:fail"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"sense": "fail",
"word": "falen"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑŋələ(n)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tekortschieten"
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangelbord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangeleer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangelgoed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mangelinrichting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mangelkamer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangelrol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangelstok"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mangeltafel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "mangel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: mangel",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: mangel (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mangelen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch mangelen, from mangel (modern mangel).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mangele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gemangeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to wring laundry (manually) trough a mangle (cognate; handle-operated device)"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nl-verb-nl:wring",
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
],
[
"mangle",
"mangle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to wring laundry (manually) trough a mangle (cognate; handle-operated device)"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:wring"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to flatten with some similar device"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nl-verb-nl:flatten",
"links": [
[
"flatten",
"flatten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to flatten with some similar device"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:flatten"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑŋələ(n)/"
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mangeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "vermangelen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mangelen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch mangelen, related to mengen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mangele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gemangeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangeren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to mingle, mix, share"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nl-verb-nl:mingle",
"links": [
[
"share",
"share"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to mingle, mix, share"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:mingle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "ver",
"english": "cognate",
"sense": "mix",
"word": "mengen"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"to mutate, change (into ...)"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nl-verb-nl:exchange",
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
],
[
"mutate",
"mutate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"(reflexive) to mutate, change (into ...)"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:exchange"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"also used (intransitive): To engage in barter"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nl-verb-nl:exchange1",
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"also used (intransitive): To engage in barter"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:exchange"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"sense": "in",
"word": "wisselen"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑŋələ(n)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "delen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "omwisselen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 50 50",
"sense": "exchange; om",
"word": "ruilen"
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to mengelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ymengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mengel"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "manglen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of manglen"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-enm-verb-kzsgj-no",
"links": [
[
"manglen",
"manglen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of mangel"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nb-noun-jYk~~49h",
"links": [
[
"mangel",
"mangel#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of mangel"
],
"id": "en-mangelen-nn-noun-jYk~~49h",
"links": [
[
"mangel",
"mangel#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "manglen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "mangelen c",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish noun forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of mangel"
],
"links": [
[
"mangel",
"mangel#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"definite",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mangelen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "mangeln"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German mangeln",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch mangelen, from Middle High German mangeln.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mangele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gemangeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Dutch terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to lack"
],
"links": [
[
"lack",
"lack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) to lack"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:lack"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"to fail, fall short"
],
"links": [
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"fall short",
"fall short"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, obsolete) to fail, fall short"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:fail"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑŋələ(n)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "lack",
"word": "ontbreken"
},
{
"sense": "fail",
"word": "falen"
},
{
"word": "tekortschieten"
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangelbord"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangeleer"
},
{
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mangelgoed"
},
{
"word": "mangelinrichting"
},
{
"word": "mangelkamer"
},
{
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangelrol"
},
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mangelstok"
},
{
"word": "mangeltafel"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "mangel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: mangel",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: mangel (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mangelen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch mangelen, from mangel (modern mangel).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mangele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gemangeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to wring laundry (manually) trough a mangle (cognate; handle-operated device)"
],
"links": [
[
"wring",
"wring"
],
[
"laundry",
"laundry"
],
[
"mangle",
"mangle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to wring laundry (manually) trough a mangle (cognate; handle-operated device)"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:wring"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to flatten with some similar device"
],
"links": [
[
"flatten",
"flatten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to flatten with some similar device"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:flatten"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑŋələ(n)/"
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mangeling"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "vermangelen"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mangelen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mangelen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch mangelen, related to mengen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mangele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mangel",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mangelend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gemangeld",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "mangeren",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mangel"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with obsolete senses",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to mingle, mix, share"
],
"links": [
[
"share",
"share"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) to mingle, mix, share"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:mingle"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch reflexive verbs",
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"to mutate, change (into ...)"
],
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
],
[
"mutate",
"mutate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"(reflexive) to mutate, change (into ...)"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:exchange"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Dutch terms with archaic senses",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"also used (intransitive): To engage in barter"
],
"links": [
[
"exchange",
"exchange"
],
[
"barter",
"barter"
],
[
"trade",
"trade"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) to exchange (for ...), barter, trade, switch (with ...)",
"also used (intransitive): To engage in barter"
],
"senseid": [
"nl:exchange"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmɑŋələ(n)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"alt": "ver",
"english": "cognate",
"sense": "mix",
"word": "mengen"
},
{
"word": "delen"
},
{
"sense": "exchange; om",
"word": "ruilen"
},
{
"sense": "in",
"word": "wisselen"
},
{
"word": "omwisselen"
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to mengelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengelende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "mengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ymengeled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "mangelen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mengel"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "manglen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of manglen"
],
"links": [
[
"manglen",
"manglen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of mangel"
],
"links": [
[
"mangel",
"mangel#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "mangelen m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "mangel"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite singular of mangel"
],
"links": [
[
"mangel",
"mangel#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "mangelen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mangelen meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.