"lupus" meaning in All languages combined

See lupus on Wiktionary

Noun [Catalan]

IPA: [ˈlu.pus] [Balearic, Central, Valencia]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of the inherited llop. Etymology templates: {{bor+|ca|la|lupus}} Borrowed from Latin lupus, {{doublet|ca|llop|notext=1}} llop Head templates: {{ca-noun|m|-}} lupus m (uncountable)
  1. lupus Tags: masculine, uncountable Categories (topical): Diseases
    Sense id: en-lupus-ca-noun-RwhRFtge Categories (other): Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈluːpəs/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lupus.wav , LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-lupus.wav
enPR: lo͝o'pəs Rhymes: -uːpəs Etymology: Borrowed from Latin lupus (“wolf”). Doublet of lobo and wolf. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|lupus||wolf}} Latin lupus (“wolf”), {{doublet|en|lobo|wolf}} Doublet of lobo and wolf Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} lupus (uncountable)
  1. (pathology) Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus. Tags: uncountable Categories (topical): Pathology Synonyms: wolf [obsolete] Derived forms: neurolupus, rhupus Translations (autoimmune disease): ذِئْبَة (ḏiʔba) [feminine] (Arabic), övrə (Azerbaijani), qurdeşənəyi (Azerbaijani), ко̀жна туберкуло̀за (kòžna tuberkulòza) [feminine] (Bulgarian), lupus [masculine] (Catalan), 狼瘡 (Chinese Mandarin), 狼疮 (lángchuāng) (Chinese Mandarin), lupuso (Esperanto), lupus (Finnish), lupus [masculine] (French), lupus [masculine] (Galician), მგლურა (mglura) (Georgian), Lupus [masculine] (German), λύκος (lýkos) [masculine] (Greek), זָאֶבֶת (za'évet) [feminine] (Hebrew), lupus [masculine] (Italian), toczeń [masculine] (Polish), lúpus [masculine] (Portuguese), lupus [neuter] (Romanian), волча́нка (volčánka) [feminine] (Russian), zverinac [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), lupus [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-lupus-en-noun-kb3iJX3s Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Spanish translations Topics: medicine, pathology, sciences

Noun [Italian]

IPA: /ˈlu.pus/
Rhymes: -upus Etymology: Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of lovo and the inherited lupo. Etymology templates: {{bor+|it|la|lupus}} Borrowed from Latin lupus, {{doublet|it|lovo}} Doublet of lovo, {{doublet|it|lupo|notext=1}} lupo Head templates: {{it-noun|m|#}} lupus m (invariable)
  1. (pathology) lupus Tags: invariable, masculine Categories (topical): Diseases Derived forms: lupico, lupoma
    Sense id: en-lupus-it-noun-RwhRFtge Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Topics: medicine, pathology, sciences

Noun [Latin]

IPA: /ˈlu.pus/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈɫ̪ʊpʊs̠] [Classical-Latin], /ˈlu.pus/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈluːpus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna. Cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”). Etymology templates: {{der|la|itc-pro|*lukʷos}} Proto-Italic *lukʷos, {{der|la|ine-pro|*wĺ̥kʷos|t=wolf}} Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), {{ic|/p/}} /p/, {{bor|la|itc-sbl}} Osco-Umbrian, {{cog|grc|λύκος}} Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), {{cog|sa|वृक}} Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), {{cog|ang|wulf}} Old English wulf, {{cog|cu|влькъ}} Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ), {{doublet|la|lycos|Lycus}} Doublet of lycos and Lycus, {{nc|la|vulpēs||fox}} Latin vulpēs (“fox”) Head templates: {{la-noun|lupus<2>|f=lupa}} lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|lupus<2>}} Forms: lupī [genitive], lupa [feminine], no-table-tags [table-tags], lupus [nominative, singular], lupī [nominative, plural], lupī [genitive, singular], lupōrum [genitive, plural], lupō [dative, singular], lupīs [dative, plural], lupum [accusative, singular], lupōs [accusative, plural], lupō [ablative, singular], lupīs [ablative, plural], lupe [singular, vocative], lupī [plural, vocative]
  1. (zoology) wolf (C. lupus) Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Zoology
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-q~JSO8uc Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology
  2. (zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:
    pike (Esocidae)     Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Zoology Categories (lifeform): Wolves
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-q28r4xB7 Disambiguation of Wolves: 9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the second declension, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology
  3. (zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:
    wolffish (Anarhichadidae)     Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Zoology Categories (lifeform): Wolves
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-chqePbpX Disambiguation of Wolves: 9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the second declension, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology
  4. (zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:
    an uncertain kind of spider     Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Zoology
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-DSOyZy6m Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension, Latin terms with uncertain meaning Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14 Disambiguation of Latin terms with uncertain meaning: 5 7 7 48 7 7 9 9 Topics: biology, natural-sciences, zoology
  5. (carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:
    a kind of bit     Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Carpentry Categories (lifeform): Wolves
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-WQCT5QlT Disambiguation of Wolves: 9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Topics: business, carpentry, construction, manufacturing
  6. (carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:
    a kind of handsaw     Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Carpentry Categories (lifeform): Wolves
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-vpGtv~yd Disambiguation of Wolves: 9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Topics: business, carpentry, construction, manufacturing
  7. (carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:
    a kind of hook used for hoisting objects     Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Carpentry Categories (lifeform): Wolves
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-Wm4oFk~u Disambiguation of Wolves: 9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9 Disambiguation of Pages with 6 entries: 5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7 Topics: business, carpentry, construction, manufacturing
  8. (botany) hops (H. lupulus) Tags: declension-2, masculine Categories (topical): Botany
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-FdEyAc6K Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the second declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the second declension: 13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14 Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hirpus
Derived forms: agnum lupō ēripere velle (english: to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf), homō hominī lupus, lupa, lupārius, lupātus, lupellus [Medieval-Latin], Lupercus, lupīnus, Lupus, lupulus, lupus in fābulā, lupus in sermōne

Noun [Latin]

Head templates: {{head|la|noun|g=m}} *lupus m
  1. wolf Tags: Proto-Italo-Western-Romance, masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-lupus-la-noun-92thuWLb Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Italo-Western-Romance

Noun [Romanian]

Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], lupus [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], un lupus [accusative, indefinite, nominative, singular], lupusul [accusative, definite, nominative, singular], lupus [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], unui lupus [dative, genitive, indefinite, singular], lupusului [dative, definite, genitive, singular], lupusule [singular, vocative]
Etymology: Borrowed from French lupus. Etymology templates: {{bor+|ro|fr|lupus}} Borrowed from French lupus Head templates: {{ro-noun|n|-}} lupus n (uncountable) Inflection templates: {{ro-decl-noun-single|g=n|gpd=lupuselor|gpi=lupuse|gsd=lupusului|gsi=lupus|n=sg|npd=lupusele|npi=lupuse|nsd=lupusul|nsi=lupus|vp=lupuselor|vs=lupusule}}
  1. lupus Tags: neuter, uncountable
    Sense id: en-lupus-ro-noun-RwhRFtge Categories (other): Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Romanian entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Spanish]

IPA: /ˈlupus/, [ˈlu.pus]
Rhymes: -upus Etymology: Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of lobo. Etymology templates: {{bor+|es|la|lupus}} Borrowed from Latin lupus, {{doublet|es|lobo}} Doublet of lobo Head templates: {{es-noun|m|-}} lupus m (uncountable)
  1. lupus Wikipedia link: es:lupus Tags: masculine, uncountable Categories (topical): Diseases Derived forms: lúpico
    Sense id: en-lupus-es-noun-RwhRFtge Categories (other): Pages with 6 entries, Pages with entries, Spanish entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

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      "args": {
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        "2": "la",
        "3": "lupus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wolf"
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      "name": "bor"
    },
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        "2": "lobo",
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      "expansion": "Doublet of lobo and wolf",
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  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus (“wolf”). Doublet of lobo and wolf.",
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
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      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "neurolupus"
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          "ref": "2015 January 21, 00:05:15 from the start, in Conan Visits Taco Bell (Conan), Conan O'Brien (actor), Team Coco:",
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      ],
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          "autoimmune"
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          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḏiʔba",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ذِئْبَة"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "word": "övrə"
        },
        {
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "word": "qurdeşənəyi"
        },
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kòžna tuberkulòza",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ко̀жна туберкуло̀за"
        },
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          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
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          "word": "lupus"
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          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "word": "狼瘡"
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          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "lángchuāng",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "word": "狼疮"
        },
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          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "word": "lupuso"
        },
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          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "word": "lupus"
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          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
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          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "lupus"
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        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "mglura",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "word": "მგლურა"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Lupus"
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        {
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "lýkos",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "λύκος"
        },
        {
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "za'évet",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "זָאֶבֶת"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lupus"
        },
        {
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "toczeń"
        },
        {
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lúpus"
        },
        {
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "word": "lupus"
        },
        {
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "volčánka",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "волча́нка"
        },
        {
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
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          ],
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        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "autoimmune disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "lupus"
        }
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  "sounds": [
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      "enpr": "lo͝o'pəs"
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      "ipa": "/ˈluːpəs/"
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    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːpəs"
    }
  ],
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}

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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of the inherited llop.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (uncountable)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ca",
          "name": "Diseases",
          "orig": "ca:Diseases",
          "parents": [
            "Disease",
            "Health",
            "Body",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-ca-noun-RwhRFtge",
      "links": [
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈlu.pus]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lupus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin lupus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "lovo"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lovo",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "lupo",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "lupo",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of lovo and the inherited lupo.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "#"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (invariable)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "lù‧pus"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "it",
          "name": "Diseases",
          "orig": "it:Diseases",
          "parents": [
            "Disease",
            "Health",
            "Body",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "lupico"
        },
        {
          "word": "lupoma"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-it-noun-RwhRFtge",
      "links": [
        [
          "pathology",
          "pathology"
        ],
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pathology) lupus"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "invariable",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pathology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlu.pus/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-upus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf",
      "word": "agnum lupō ēripere velle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "homō hominī lupus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lupa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lupārius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lupātus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin"
      ],
      "word": "lupellus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Lupercus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lupīnus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Lupus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lupulus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lupus in fābulā"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lupus in sermōne"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "lup",
            "3": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: lup, lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: lup, lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "llobu"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: llobu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: llobu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "llop"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: llop",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: llop"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "låuv"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: låuv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: låuv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frp",
            "2": "lop"
          },
          "expansion": "Franco-Provençal: lop",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Franco-Provençal: lop"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "lôf"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: lôf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: lôf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ruo",
            "2": "lup"
          },
          "expansion": "Istro-Romanian: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Istro-Romanian: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "lô"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: lô",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ligurian: lô"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ruq",
            "2": "lup"
          },
          "expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Megleno-Romanian: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mwl",
            "2": "lhobo"
          },
          "expansion": "Mirandese: lhobo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mirandese: lhobo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "lop"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: lop",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: lop"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "leu"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: leu, lou, lu\nMiddle French: leu\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\n⇒ Middle French: loup\nFrench: loup\nHaitian Creole: lou\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\n→ English: loo; Loup",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: leu, lou, lu\nMiddle French: leu\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\n⇒ Middle French: loup\nFrench: loup\nHaitian Creole: lou\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\n→ English: loo; Loup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "lobo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\nGalician: lobo\nPortuguese: lobo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\nGalician: lobo\nPortuguese: lobo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Lombard:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "lov",
            "3": "loff",
            "4": "lóff"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: lov, loff, lóff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: lov, loff, lóff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-gis",
            "2": "lupö",
            "3": "lup’",
            "4": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "luv"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: luv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: luv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "lup"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "luf"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: luf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: luf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: lupu\n→ Maltese: lupu",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: lupu\n→ Maltese: lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "lobo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: lobo\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\n→ Tagalog: lobo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: lobo\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\n→ Tagalog: lobo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "lovo"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\n→ Italian: lovo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\n→ Italian: lovo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "leu"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: leu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: leu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "lupo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ia",
            "2": "lupo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Interlingua: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Interlingua: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vo",
            "2": "lup",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Volapük: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Volapük: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Lupus",
            "3": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Lupus, lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Lupus, lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "lúpus",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "Lupus",
            "3": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mul",
            "2": "Lupus",
            "alt": "Lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Translingual: Lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mul",
            "2": "Anarhichas lupus",
            "alt": "Anarhichas lupus",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Anarhichas lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Canis lupus",
            "2": "species"
          },
          "expansion": "Canis lupus",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*lukʷos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
        "t": "wolf"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/p/"
      },
      "expansion": "/p/",
      "name": "ic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-sbl"
      },
      "expansion": "Osco-Umbrian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λύκος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वृक"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वृक (vṛka)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "wulf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wulf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "влькъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "lycos",
        "3": "Lycus"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lycos and Lycus",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vulpēs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fox"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vulpēs (“fox”)",
      "name": "nc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.\nCognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lupus<2>",
        "f": "lupa"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lupus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "la:Zoology",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A man is a wolf to another man.",
          "text": "Homō hominī lupus.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wolf (C. lupus)"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-q~JSO8uc",
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "C. lupus",
          "Canis lupus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) wolf (C. lupus)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "la:Zoology",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Wolves",
          "orig": "la:Wolves",
          "parents": [
            "Canids",
            "Carnivores",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
        "pike (Esocidae)"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-q28r4xB7",
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "pike",
          "pike"
        ],
        [
          "Esocidae",
          "Esocidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
        "pike (Esocidae)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "la:Zoology",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Wolves",
          "orig": "la:Wolves",
          "parents": [
            "Canids",
            "Carnivores",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
        "wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-chqePbpX",
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "wolffish",
          "wolffish"
        ],
        [
          "Anarhichadidae",
          "Anarhichadidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
        "wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Zoology",
          "orig": "la:Zoology",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 7 7 48 7 7 9 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms with uncertain meaning",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with uncertain meaning",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
        "an uncertain kind of spider"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-DSOyZy6m",
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "uncertain",
          "uncertain"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "spider",
          "spider"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
        "an uncertain kind of spider"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Carpentry",
          "orig": "la:Carpentry",
          "parents": [
            "Construction",
            "Woodworking",
            "Architecture",
            "Engineering",
            "Crafts",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Technology",
            "Society",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Wolves",
          "orig": "la:Wolves",
          "parents": [
            "Canids",
            "Carnivores",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
        "a kind of bit"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-WQCT5QlT",
      "links": [
        [
          "carpentry",
          "carpentry"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "bit",
          "bit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
        "a kind of bit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "carpentry",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Carpentry",
          "orig": "la:Carpentry",
          "parents": [
            "Construction",
            "Woodworking",
            "Architecture",
            "Engineering",
            "Crafts",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Technology",
            "Society",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Wolves",
          "orig": "la:Wolves",
          "parents": [
            "Canids",
            "Carnivores",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
        "a kind of handsaw"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-vpGtv~yd",
      "links": [
        [
          "carpentry",
          "carpentry"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "handsaw",
          "handsaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
        "a kind of handsaw"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "carpentry",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Carpentry",
          "orig": "la:Carpentry",
          "parents": [
            "Construction",
            "Woodworking",
            "Architecture",
            "Engineering",
            "Crafts",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Technology",
            "Society",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 14 14 5 18 18 18 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 15 15 4 18 18 18 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 14 14 8 16 16 16 7",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Wolves",
          "orig": "la:Wolves",
          "parents": [
            "Canids",
            "Carnivores",
            "Mammals",
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
        "a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-Wm4oFk~u",
      "links": [
        [
          "carpentry",
          "carpentry"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "hook",
          "hook"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "hoist",
          "hoist"
        ],
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
        "a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "carpentry",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "la:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 15 15 15 10 10 10 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hops (H. lupulus)"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-FdEyAc6K",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "hops",
          "hops"
        ],
        [
          "H. lupulus",
          "Humulus lupulus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) hops (H. lupulus)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlu.pus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫ̪ʊpʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlu.pus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈluːpus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hirpus"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "la:lupus"
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "lupus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French lupus",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lupus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupusul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupusului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupusule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus n (uncountable)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "lupuselor",
        "gpi": "lupuse",
        "gsd": "lupusului",
        "gsi": "lupus",
        "n": "sg",
        "npd": "lupusele",
        "npi": "lupuse",
        "nsd": "lupusul",
        "nsi": "lupus",
        "vp": "lupuselor",
        "vs": "lupusule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-ro-noun-RwhRFtge",
      "links": [
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lupus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin lupus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "lobo"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lobo",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of lobo.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (uncountable)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "lu‧pus"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "es",
          "name": "Diseases",
          "orig": "es:Diseases",
          "parents": [
            "Disease",
            "Health",
            "Body",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "lúpico"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-es-noun-RwhRFtge",
      "links": [
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "es:lupus"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlupus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈlu.pus]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-upus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "luv"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: luv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: luv"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*lupus m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/lupus",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wolf"
      ],
      "id": "en-lupus-la-noun-92thuWLb",
      "links": [
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lupus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin lupus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "llop",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "llop",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of the inherited llop.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (uncountable)",
      "name": "ca-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan doublets",
        "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
        "Catalan lemmas",
        "Catalan masculine nouns",
        "Catalan nouns",
        "Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
        "Catalan terms derived from Latin",
        "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Catalan uncountable nouns",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "ca:Diseases"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈlu.pus]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "neurolupus"
    },
    {
      "word": "rhupus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lupus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "wolf"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin lupus (“wolf”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "lobo",
        "3": "wolf"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lobo and wolf",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus (“wolf”). Doublet of lobo and wolf.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English doublets",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms borrowed from Latin",
        "English terms derived from Latin",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Entries with translation boxes",
        "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:English/uːpəs",
        "Rhymes:English/uːpəs/2 syllables",
        "Terms with Arabic translations",
        "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
        "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
        "Terms with Catalan translations",
        "Terms with Esperanto translations",
        "Terms with Finnish translations",
        "Terms with French translations",
        "Terms with Galician translations",
        "Terms with Georgian translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Greek translations",
        "Terms with Hebrew translations",
        "Terms with Italian translations",
        "Terms with Mandarin translations",
        "Terms with Polish translations",
        "Terms with Portuguese translations",
        "Terms with Romanian translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "en:Pathology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2015 January 21, 00:05:15 from the start, in Conan Visits Taco Bell (Conan), Conan O'Brien (actor), Team Coco:",
          "text": "You like the name quesalupa? That is a little like \"case of lupus\". I just keep thinking about that.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pathology",
          "pathology"
        ],
        [
          "autoimmune",
          "autoimmune"
        ],
        [
          "systemic lupus erythematosus",
          "systemic lupus erythematosus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pathology) Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pathology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "lo͝o'pəs"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluːpəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lupus.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lupus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lupus.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lupus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lupus.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-lupus.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lupus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lupus.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lupus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-lupus.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːpəs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "wolf"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḏiʔba",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ذِئْبَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "word": "övrə"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "word": "qurdeşənəyi"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kòžna tuberkulòza",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ко̀жна туберкуло̀за"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lupus"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "word": "狼瘡"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "lángchuāng",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "word": "狼疮"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "word": "lupuso"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "word": "lupus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lupus"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lupus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "mglura",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "word": "მგლურა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Lupus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "lýkos",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "λύκος"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "za'évet",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "זָאֶבֶת"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lupus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "toczeń"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lúpus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "lupus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "volčánka",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "волча́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "zverinac"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "autoimmune disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "lupus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "lupico"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupoma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lupus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin lupus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "lovo"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lovo",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "lupo",
        "notext": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "lupo",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of lovo and the inherited lupo.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "#"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (invariable)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "lù‧pus"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian 2-syllable words",
        "Italian countable nouns",
        "Italian doublets",
        "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Italian indeclinable nouns",
        "Italian lemmas",
        "Italian masculine nouns",
        "Italian nouns",
        "Italian terms borrowed from Latin",
        "Italian terms derived from Latin",
        "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Italian/upus",
        "Rhymes:Italian/upus/2 syllables",
        "it:Diseases"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pathology",
          "pathology"
        ],
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pathology) lupus"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "invariable",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pathology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlu.pus/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-upus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin doublets",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin second declension nouns",
    "Latin terms borrowed from Osco-Umbrian languages",
    "Latin terms derived from Osco-Umbrian languages",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with uncertain meaning",
    "Pages with 6 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Wolves"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf",
      "word": "agnum lupō ēripere velle"
    },
    {
      "word": "homō hominī lupus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupa"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupārius"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupātus"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Medieval-Latin"
      ],
      "word": "lupellus"
    },
    {
      "word": "Lupercus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupīnus"
    },
    {
      "word": "Lupus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupulus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupus in fābulā"
    },
    {
      "word": "lupus in sermōne"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "an",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Aragonese: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aragonese: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rup",
            "2": "lup",
            "3": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Aromanian: lup, lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Aromanian: lup, lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "llobu"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: llobu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: llobu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "llop"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: llop",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: llop"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "co",
            "2": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Corsican: lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Corsican: lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egl",
            "2": "låuv"
          },
          "expansion": "Emilian: låuv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Emilian: låuv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frp",
            "2": "lop"
          },
          "expansion": "Franco-Provençal: lop",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Franco-Provençal: lop"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "lôf"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: lôf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: lôf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ruo",
            "2": "lup"
          },
          "expansion": "Istro-Romanian: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Istro-Romanian: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lij",
            "2": "lô"
          },
          "expansion": "Ligurian: lô",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ligurian: lô"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ruq",
            "2": "lup"
          },
          "expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Megleno-Romanian: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mwl",
            "2": "lhobo"
          },
          "expansion": "Mirandese: lhobo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mirandese: lhobo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nap",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Neapolitan: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Neapolitan: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oc",
            "2": "lop"
          },
          "expansion": "Occitan: lop",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Occitan: lop"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "leu"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: leu, lou, lu\nMiddle French: leu\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\n⇒ Middle French: loup\nFrench: loup\nHaitian Creole: lou\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\n→ English: loo; Loup",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: leu, lou, lu\nMiddle French: leu\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\n⇒ Middle French: loup\nFrench: loup\nHaitian Creole: lou\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\n→ English: loo; Loup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-opt",
            "2": "lobo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\nGalician: lobo\nPortuguese: lobo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\nGalician: lobo\nPortuguese: lobo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Lombard:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lmo",
            "2": "lov",
            "3": "loff",
            "4": "lóff"
          },
          "expansion": "Lombard: lov, loff, lóff",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lombard: lov, loff, lóff"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "roa-gis",
            "2": "lupö",
            "3": "lup’",
            "4": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "luv"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: luv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: luv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "lup"
          },
          "expansion": "Romanian: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romanian: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "luf"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: luf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: luf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sc",
            "2": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sardinian: lupu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sardinian: lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "lupu"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: lupu\n→ Maltese: lupu",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: lupu\n→ Maltese: lupu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "lobo"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: lobo\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\n→ Tagalog: lobo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: lobo\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\n→ Tagalog: lobo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "lovo"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\n→ Italian: lovo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\n→ Italian: lovo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wa",
            "2": "leu"
          },
          "expansion": "Walloon: leu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Walloon: leu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "lupo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ia",
            "2": "lupo",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Interlingua: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Interlingua: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vo",
            "2": "lup",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Volapük: lup",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Volapük: lup"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Lupus",
            "3": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Lupus, lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Lupus, lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Finnish: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Finnish: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ French: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ French: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Galician: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Galician: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "lúpus",
            "alts": "1",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "Lupus",
            "3": "lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mul",
            "2": "Lupus",
            "alt": "Lupus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Translingual: Lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mul",
            "2": "Anarhichas lupus",
            "alt": "Anarhichas lupus",
            "der": "1",
            "nolb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Anarhichas lupus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Canis lupus",
            "2": "species"
          },
          "expansion": "Canis lupus",
          "name": "taxfmt"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*lukʷos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
        "t": "wolf"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/p/"
      },
      "expansion": "/p/",
      "name": "ic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-sbl"
      },
      "expansion": "Osco-Umbrian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λύκος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वृक"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit वृक (vṛka)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "wulf"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wulf",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "влькъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "lycos",
        "3": "Lycus"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lycos and Lycus",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vulpēs",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fox"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vulpēs (“fox”)",
      "name": "nc"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.\nCognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupa",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lupus<2>",
        "f": "lupa"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lupus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with usage examples",
        "la:Zoology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "A man is a wolf to another man.",
          "text": "Homō hominī lupus.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wolf (C. lupus)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "C. lupus",
          "Canis lupus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) wolf (C. lupus)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Zoology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
        "pike (Esocidae)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "pike",
          "pike"
        ],
        [
          "Esocidae",
          "Esocidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
        "pike (Esocidae)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Zoology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
        "wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "wolffish",
          "wolffish"
        ],
        [
          "Anarhichadidae",
          "Anarhichadidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
        "wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Zoology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
        "an uncertain kind of spider"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zoology",
          "zoology"
        ],
        [
          "animal",
          "animal"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "savage",
          "savage"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "uncertain",
          "uncertain"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "spider",
          "spider"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
        "an uncertain kind of spider"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences",
        "zoology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Carpentry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
        "a kind of bit"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "carpentry",
          "carpentry"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "bit",
          "bit"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
        "a kind of bit"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "carpentry",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Carpentry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
        "a kind of handsaw"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "carpentry",
          "carpentry"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "handsaw",
          "handsaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
        "a kind of handsaw"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "carpentry",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Carpentry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
        "a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "carpentry",
          "carpentry"
        ],
        [
          "tool",
          "tool"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ],
        [
          "tooth",
          "tooth"
        ],
        [
          "particularly",
          "particularly"
        ],
        [
          "kind",
          "kind"
        ],
        [
          "hook",
          "hook"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "hoist",
          "hoist"
        ],
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
        "a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "carpentry",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hops (H. lupulus)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "hops",
          "hops"
        ],
        [
          "H. lupulus",
          "Humulus lupulus"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) hops (H. lupulus)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlu.pus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫ̪ʊpʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlu.pus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈluːpus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hirpus"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "la:lupus"
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lupo"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: lupo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: lupo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "luv"
          },
          "expansion": "Piedmontese: luv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Piedmontese: luv"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*lupus m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/lupus",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin masculine nouns",
        "Latin nouns",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Italo-Western-Romance"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wolf"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wolf",
          "wolf"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "lupus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from French lupus",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lupus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ro-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "un lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupusul",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "unui lupus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupusului",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lupusule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus n (uncountable)",
      "name": "ro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n",
        "gpd": "lupuselor",
        "gpi": "lupuse",
        "gsd": "lupusului",
        "gsi": "lupus",
        "n": "sg",
        "npd": "lupusele",
        "npi": "lupuse",
        "nsd": "lupusul",
        "nsi": "lupus",
        "vp": "lupuselor",
        "vs": "lupusule"
      },
      "name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Romanian lemmas",
        "Romanian neuter nouns",
        "Romanian nouns",
        "Romanian terms borrowed from French",
        "Romanian terms derived from French",
        "Romanian uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "lúpico"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "lupus"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Latin lupus",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "lobo"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lobo",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus. Doublet of lobo.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "lupus m (uncountable)",
      "name": "es-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "lu‧pus"
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Rhymes:Spanish/upus",
        "Rhymes:Spanish/upus/2 syllables",
        "Spanish 2-syllable words",
        "Spanish doublets",
        "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Spanish lemmas",
        "Spanish masculine nouns",
        "Spanish nouns",
        "Spanish terms borrowed from Latin",
        "Spanish terms derived from Latin",
        "Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Spanish uncountable nouns",
        "es:Diseases"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "lupus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lupus",
          "lupus#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "es:lupus"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlupus/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈlu.pus]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-upus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lupus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for lupus meaning in All languages combined (27.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Romanian]; cleaned text: n gender",
  "path": [
    "lupus"
  ],
  "section": "Romanian",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "lupus",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "lupus/Latin/noun: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Latin 2-syllable words\", \"Latin doublets\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin lemmas\", \"Latin masculine nouns\", \"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension\", \"Latin nouns\", \"Latin second declension nouns\", \"Latin terms borrowed from Osco-Umbrian languages\", \"Latin terms derived from Osco-Umbrian languages\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Latin terms with uncertain meaning\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"la:Wolves\"], \"derived\": [{\"english\": \"to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf\", \"word\": \"agnum lupō ēripere velle\"}, {\"word\": \"homō hominī lupus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupa\"}, {\"word\": \"lupārius\"}, {\"word\": \"lupātus\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Medieval-Latin\"], \"word\": \"lupellus\"}, {\"word\": \"Lupercus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupīnus\"}, {\"word\": \"Lupus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupulus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupus in fābulā\"}, {\"word\": \"lupus in sermōne\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"an\", \"2\": \"lupo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Aragonese: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Aragonese: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"rup\", \"2\": \"lup\", \"3\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Aromanian: lup, lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Aromanian: lup, lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ast\", \"2\": \"llobu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Asturian: llobu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Asturian: llobu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"llop\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan: llop\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Catalan: llop\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"co\", \"2\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Corsican: lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Corsican: lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"egl\", \"2\": \"låuv\"}, \"expansion\": \"Emilian: låuv\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Emilian: låuv\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"frp\", \"2\": \"lop\"}, \"expansion\": \"Franco-Provençal: lop\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Franco-Provençal: lop\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fur\", \"2\": \"lôf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Friulian: lôf\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Friulian: lôf\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ruo\", \"2\": \"lup\"}, \"expansion\": \"Istro-Romanian: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Istro-Romanian: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"lupo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Italian: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lij\", \"2\": \"lô\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ligurian: lô\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ligurian: lô\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ruq\", \"2\": \"lup\"}, \"expansion\": \"Megleno-Romanian: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Megleno-Romanian: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mwl\", \"2\": \"lhobo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mirandese: lhobo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Mirandese: lhobo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nap\", \"2\": \"lupo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Neapolitan: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Neapolitan: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"oc\", \"2\": \"lop\"}, \"expansion\": \"Occitan: lop\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Occitan: lop\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"leu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French: leu, lou, lu\\nMiddle French: leu\\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\\n⇒ Middle French: loup\\nFrench: loup\\nHaitian Creole: lou\\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\\n→ English: loo; Loup\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Old French: leu, lou, lu\\nMiddle French: leu\\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\\n⇒ Middle French: loup\\nFrench: loup\\nHaitian Creole: lou\\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\\n→ English: loo; Loup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-opt\", \"2\": \"lobo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\\nGalician: lobo\\nPortuguese: lobo\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\\nGalician: lobo\\nPortuguese: lobo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Old Lombard:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lmo\", \"2\": \"lov\", \"3\": \"loff\", \"4\": \"lóff\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lombard: lov, loff, lóff\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lombard: lov, loff, lóff\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-gis\", \"2\": \"lupö\", \"3\": \"lup’\", \"4\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pms\", \"2\": \"luv\"}, \"expansion\": \"Piedmontese: luv\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Piedmontese: luv\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ro\", \"2\": \"lup\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romanian: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romanian: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"rm\", \"2\": \"luf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romansch: luf\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romansch: luf\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"sc\", \"2\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sardinian: lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Sardinian: lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"scn\", \"2\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sicilian: lupu\\n→ Maltese: lupu\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Sicilian: lupu\\n→ Maltese: lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"lobo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish: lobo\\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\\n→ Tagalog: lobo\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Spanish: lobo\\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\\n→ Tagalog: lobo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vec\", \"2\": \"lovo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\\n→ Italian: lovo\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\\n→ Italian: lovo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wa\", \"2\": \"leu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Walloon: leu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Walloon: leu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"eo\", \"2\": \"lupo\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Esperanto: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Esperanto: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ia\", \"2\": \"lupo\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Interlingua: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Interlingua: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vo\", \"2\": \"lup\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Volapük: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Volapük: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Catalan: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Catalan: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Lupus\", \"3\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Lupus, lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Lupus, lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"gl\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Galician: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Galician: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Italian: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Italian: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"lúpus\", \"alts\": \"1\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ro\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Romanian: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Romanian: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"Lupus\", \"3\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mul\", \"2\": \"Lupus\", \"alt\": \"Lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Translingual: Lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"mul\", \"2\": \"Anarhichas lupus\", \"alt\": \"Anarhichas lupus\", \"der\": \"1\", \"nolb\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"⇒ Anarhichas lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Canis lupus\", \"2\": \"species\"}, \"expansion\": \"Canis lupus\", \"name\": \"taxfmt\"}], \"text\": \"→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-pro\", \"3\": \"*lukʷos\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Italic *lukʷos\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wĺ̥kʷos\", \"t\": \"wolf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"/p/\"}, \"expansion\": \"/p/\", \"name\": \"ic\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-sbl\"}, \"expansion\": \"Osco-Umbrian\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"λύκος\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa\", \"2\": \"वृक\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sanskrit वृक (vṛka)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"wulf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English wulf\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cu\", \"2\": \"влькъ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"lycos\", \"3\": \"Lycus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of lycos and Lycus\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"vulpēs\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"fox\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin vulpēs (“fox”)\", \"name\": \"nc\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.\\nCognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"lupī\", \"tags\": [\"genitive\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupa\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"]}, {\"form\": \"no-table-tags\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"table-tags\"]}, {\"form\": \"la-ndecl\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"inflection-template\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupus\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupī\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupī\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"genitive\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupōrum\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"genitive\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupō\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"dative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupīs\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"dative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupum\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupōs\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupō\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupīs\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupe\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"singular\", \"vocative\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupī\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"plural\", \"vocative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lupus<2>\", \"f\": \"lupa\"}, \"expansion\": \"lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension\", \"name\": \"la-noun\"}], \"inflection_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lupus<2>\"}, \"name\": \"la-ndecl\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with usage examples\", \"la:Zoology\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"A man is a wolf to another man.\", \"text\": \"Homō hominī lupus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"wolf (C. lupus)\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"C. lupus\", \"Canis lupus\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) wolf (C. lupus)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Zoology\"], \"glosses\": [\"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf\", \"pike (Esocidae)\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"animal\", \"animal\"], [\"act\", \"act\"], [\"savage\", \"savage\"], [\"manner\", \"manner\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"pike\", \"pike\"], [\"Esocidae\", \"Esocidae#Translingual\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:\", \"pike (Esocidae)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Zoology\"], \"glosses\": [\"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf\", \"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"animal\", \"animal\"], [\"act\", \"act\"], [\"savage\", \"savage\"], [\"manner\", \"manner\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"wolffish\", \"wolffish\"], [\"Anarhichadidae\", \"Anarhichadidae#Translingual\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:\", \"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Zoology\"], \"glosses\": [\"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf\", \"an uncertain kind of spider\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"animal\", \"animal\"], [\"act\", \"act\"], [\"savage\", \"savage\"], [\"manner\", \"manner\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"uncertain\", \"uncertain\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"spider\", \"spider\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:\", \"an uncertain kind of spider\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Carpentry\"], \"glosses\": [\"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth\", \"a kind of bit\"], \"links\": [[\"carpentry\", \"carpentry\"], [\"tool\", \"tool\"], [\"shape\", \"shape\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"tooth\", \"tooth\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"bit\", \"bit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:\", \"a kind of bit\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"carpentry\", \"construction\", \"manufacturing\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Carpentry\"], \"glosses\": [\"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth\", \"a kind of handsaw\"], \"links\": [[\"carpentry\", \"carpentry\"], [\"tool\", \"tool\"], [\"shape\", \"shape\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"tooth\", \"tooth\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"handsaw\", \"handsaw\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:\", \"a kind of handsaw\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"carpentry\", \"construction\", \"manufacturing\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Carpentry\"], \"glosses\": [\"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth\", \"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects\"], \"links\": [[\"carpentry\", \"carpentry\"], [\"tool\", \"tool\"], [\"shape\", \"shape\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"tooth\", \"tooth\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"hook\", \"hook\"], [\"use\", \"use\"], [\"hoist\", \"hoist\"], [\"object\", \"object\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:\", \"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"carpentry\", \"construction\", \"manufacturing\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Botany\"], \"glosses\": [\"hops (H. lupulus)\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"hops\", \"hops\"], [\"H. lupulus\", \"Humulus lupulus\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) hops (H. lupulus)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈlu.pus/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˈɫ̪ʊpʊs̠]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈlu.pus/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˈluːpus]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"hirpus\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"la:lupus\"], \"word\": \"lupus\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "lupus",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "lupus/Latin/noun: invalid uppercase tag Classical-Latin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Latin 2-syllable words\", \"Latin doublets\", \"Latin entries with incorrect language header\", \"Latin lemmas\", \"Latin masculine nouns\", \"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension\", \"Latin nouns\", \"Latin second declension nouns\", \"Latin terms borrowed from Osco-Umbrian languages\", \"Latin terms derived from Osco-Umbrian languages\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic\", \"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Latin terms with uncertain meaning\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"la:Wolves\"], \"derived\": [{\"english\": \"to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf\", \"word\": \"agnum lupō ēripere velle\"}, {\"word\": \"homō hominī lupus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupa\"}, {\"word\": \"lupārius\"}, {\"word\": \"lupātus\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Medieval-Latin\"], \"word\": \"lupellus\"}, {\"word\": \"Lupercus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupīnus\"}, {\"word\": \"Lupus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupulus\"}, {\"word\": \"lupus in fābulā\"}, {\"word\": \"lupus in sermōne\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"an\", \"2\": \"lupo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Aragonese: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Aragonese: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"rup\", \"2\": \"lup\", \"3\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Aromanian: lup, lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Aromanian: lup, lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ast\", \"2\": \"llobu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Asturian: llobu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Asturian: llobu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"llop\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan: llop\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Catalan: llop\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"co\", \"2\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Corsican: lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Corsican: lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"egl\", \"2\": \"låuv\"}, \"expansion\": \"Emilian: låuv\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Emilian: låuv\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"frp\", \"2\": \"lop\"}, \"expansion\": \"Franco-Provençal: lop\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Franco-Provençal: lop\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fur\", \"2\": \"lôf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Friulian: lôf\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Friulian: lôf\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ruo\", \"2\": \"lup\"}, \"expansion\": \"Istro-Romanian: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Istro-Romanian: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"lupo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Italian: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lij\", \"2\": \"lô\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ligurian: lô\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Ligurian: lô\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ruq\", \"2\": \"lup\"}, \"expansion\": \"Megleno-Romanian: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Megleno-Romanian: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mwl\", \"2\": \"lhobo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Mirandese: lhobo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Mirandese: lhobo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"nap\", \"2\": \"lupo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Neapolitan: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Neapolitan: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"oc\", \"2\": \"lop\"}, \"expansion\": \"Occitan: lop\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Occitan: lop\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fro\", \"2\": \"leu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French: leu, lou, lu\\nMiddle French: leu\\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\\n⇒ Middle French: loup\\nFrench: loup\\nHaitian Creole: lou\\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\\n→ English: loo; Loup\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Old French: leu, lou, lu\\nMiddle French: leu\\n⇒ French: à la queue leu leu\\n⇒ Middle French: loup\\nFrench: loup\\nHaitian Creole: lou\\n⇒ Mauritian Creole: lulu\\n⇒ Seychellois Creole: loulou\\n→ English: loo; Loup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-opt\", \"2\": \"lobo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\\nGalician: lobo\\nPortuguese: lobo\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Old Galician-Portuguese: lobo\\nGalician: lobo\\nPortuguese: lobo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [], \"text\": \"Old Lombard:\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lmo\", \"2\": \"lov\", \"3\": \"loff\", \"4\": \"lóff\"}, \"expansion\": \"Lombard: lov, loff, lóff\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Lombard: lov, loff, lóff\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"roa-gis\", \"2\": \"lupö\", \"3\": \"lup’\", \"4\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Gallo-Italic of Sicily: lupö, lup’, lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pms\", \"2\": \"luv\"}, \"expansion\": \"Piedmontese: luv\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Piedmontese: luv\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ro\", \"2\": \"lup\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romanian: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romanian: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"rm\", \"2\": \"luf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Romansch: luf\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Romansch: luf\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"sc\", \"2\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sardinian: lupu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Sardinian: lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"scn\", \"2\": \"lupu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sicilian: lupu\\n→ Maltese: lupu\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Sicilian: lupu\\n→ Maltese: lupu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"lobo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish: lobo\\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\\n→ Tagalog: lobo\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Spanish: lobo\\n→ English: loafer, lobo, lofer, loper, lover\\n→ Tagalog: lobo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vec\", \"2\": \"lovo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\\n→ Italian: lovo\", \"name\": \"desctree\"}], \"text\": \"Venetian: lovo, lóvo, łovo, łóvo\\n→ Italian: lovo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wa\", \"2\": \"leu\"}, \"expansion\": \"Walloon: leu\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Walloon: leu\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"eo\", \"2\": \"lupo\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Esperanto: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Esperanto: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ia\", \"2\": \"lupo\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Interlingua: lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Interlingua: lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"vo\", \"2\": \"lup\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Volapük: lup\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Volapük: lup\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Catalan: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Catalan: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Lupus\", \"3\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Lupus, lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Lupus, lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"gl\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Galician: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Galician: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Italian: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Italian: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"lúpus\", \"alts\": \"1\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: lúpus, lupo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ro\", \"2\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Romanian: lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Romanian: lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"Lupus\", \"3\": \"lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Spanish: Lupus, lupus\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mul\", \"2\": \"Lupus\", \"alt\": \"Lupus\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Translingual: Lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"mul\", \"2\": \"Anarhichas lupus\", \"alt\": \"Anarhichas lupus\", \"der\": \"1\", \"nolb\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"⇒ Anarhichas lupus\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Canis lupus\", \"2\": \"species\"}, \"expansion\": \"Canis lupus\", \"name\": \"taxfmt\"}], \"text\": \"→ Translingual: Lupus; ⇒ Anarhichas lupus, Canis lupus\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-pro\", \"3\": \"*lukʷos\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Italic *lukʷos\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*wĺ̥kʷos\", \"t\": \"wolf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"/p/\"}, \"expansion\": \"/p/\", \"name\": \"ic\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"itc-sbl\"}, \"expansion\": \"Osco-Umbrian\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"grc\", \"2\": \"λύκος\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa\", \"2\": \"वृक\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sanskrit वृक (vṛka)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"wulf\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English wulf\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"cu\", \"2\": \"влькъ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"lycos\", \"3\": \"Lycus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Doublet of lycos and Lycus\", \"name\": \"doublet\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"vulpēs\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"fox\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin vulpēs (“fox”)\", \"name\": \"nc\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Proto-Italic *lukʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), with a metathesis of *wĺ̥- to *lú-. The shift of *kʷ to /p/ can be explained as a borrowing from an Osco-Umbrian language, where the change is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna.\\nCognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus; not cognate to Latin vulpēs (“fox”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"lupī\", \"tags\": [\"genitive\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupa\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"]}, {\"form\": \"no-table-tags\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"table-tags\"]}, {\"form\": \"la-ndecl\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"inflection-template\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupus\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupī\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"nominative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupī\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"genitive\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupōrum\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"genitive\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupō\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"dative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupīs\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"dative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupum\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupōs\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"accusative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupō\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\", \"singular\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupīs\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"ablative\", \"plural\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupe\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"singular\", \"vocative\"]}, {\"form\": \"lupī\", \"source\": \"declension\", \"tags\": [\"plural\", \"vocative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lupus<2>\", \"f\": \"lupa\"}, \"expansion\": \"lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension\", \"name\": \"la-noun\"}], \"inflection_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lupus<2>\"}, \"name\": \"la-ndecl\"}], \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"lang_code\": \"la\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Latin terms with usage examples\", \"la:Zoology\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"A man is a wolf to another man.\", \"text\": \"Homō hominī lupus.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"wolf (C. lupus)\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"C. lupus\", \"Canis lupus\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) wolf (C. lupus)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Zoology\"], \"glosses\": [\"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf\", \"pike (Esocidae)\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"animal\", \"animal\"], [\"act\", \"act\"], [\"savage\", \"savage\"], [\"manner\", \"manner\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"pike\", \"pike\"], [\"Esocidae\", \"Esocidae#Translingual\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:\", \"pike (Esocidae)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Zoology\"], \"glosses\": [\"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf\", \"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"animal\", \"animal\"], [\"act\", \"act\"], [\"savage\", \"savage\"], [\"manner\", \"manner\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"wolffish\", \"wolffish\"], [\"Anarhichadidae\", \"Anarhichadidae#Translingual\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:\", \"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Zoology\"], \"glosses\": [\"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf\", \"an uncertain kind of spider\"], \"links\": [[\"zoology\", \"zoology\"], [\"animal\", \"animal\"], [\"act\", \"act\"], [\"savage\", \"savage\"], [\"manner\", \"manner\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"uncertain\", \"uncertain\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"spider\", \"spider\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:\", \"an uncertain kind of spider\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"natural-sciences\", \"zoology\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Carpentry\"], \"glosses\": [\"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth\", \"a kind of bit\"], \"links\": [[\"carpentry\", \"carpentry\"], [\"tool\", \"tool\"], [\"shape\", \"shape\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"tooth\", \"tooth\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"bit\", \"bit\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:\", \"a kind of bit\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"carpentry\", \"construction\", \"manufacturing\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Carpentry\"], \"glosses\": [\"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth\", \"a kind of handsaw\"], \"links\": [[\"carpentry\", \"carpentry\"], [\"tool\", \"tool\"], [\"shape\", \"shape\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"tooth\", \"tooth\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"handsaw\", \"handsaw\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:\", \"a kind of handsaw\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"carpentry\", \"construction\", \"manufacturing\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Carpentry\"], \"glosses\": [\"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth\", \"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects\"], \"links\": [[\"carpentry\", \"carpentry\"], [\"tool\", \"tool\"], [\"shape\", \"shape\"], [\"wolf\", \"wolf\"], [\"tooth\", \"tooth\"], [\"particularly\", \"particularly\"], [\"kind\", \"kind\"], [\"hook\", \"hook\"], [\"use\", \"use\"], [\"hoist\", \"hoist\"], [\"object\", \"object\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:\", \"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"business\", \"carpentry\", \"construction\", \"manufacturing\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"la:Botany\"], \"glosses\": [\"hops (H. lupulus)\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"hops\", \"hops\"], [\"H. lupulus\", \"Humulus lupulus\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) hops (H. lupulus)\"], \"tags\": [\"declension-2\", \"masculine\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈlu.pus/\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˈɫ̪ʊpʊs̠]\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Latin\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈlu.pus/\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}, {\"ipa\": \"[ˈluːpus]\", \"note\": \"modern Italianate Ecclesiastical\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"hirpus\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"la:lupus\"], \"word\": \"lupus\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "Latin",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "lupus",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.