See lupus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf",
"translation": "to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf",
"word": "agnum lupō ēripere velle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "homō hominī lupus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lupa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lupārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lupātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "lupellus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Lupercus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lupīnus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lupulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lupus in fābulā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lupus in sermōne"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "lupo"
},
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "lupu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupu"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lupo"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "luv"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "luv"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "*lūpum"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lúpus"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Anarhichas lupus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-sbl"
},
"expansion": "Osco-Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/p/"
},
"expansion": "/p/",
"name": "ic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Ulpius"
},
"expansion": "Latin Ulpius",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*wl̥p /*lup-",
"t": "marten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥p /*lup- (“marten”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulpēs",
"t": "fox"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulpēs (“fox”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृक (vṛka)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old English wulf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "влькъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lycos",
"3": "Lycus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lycos and Lycus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wĺ̥kʷos\nUncertain.\n* Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). The term may have undergone metathesis to Proto-Italic *lukʷos, which then may have entered Latin via a Osco-Umbrian language, where the change of *kʷ to /p/ is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna. According to the linguist Stefan Höfler, a non-metathesized Italic form may be reflected in Latin Ulpius.\n* Since Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos) may showcase similar metathesis, the linguist Simon Esposito argues that the term was borrowed from a Sabellic language that itself may have borrowed the term from Greek at an early date.\n* De Vaan alternatively suggests a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥p /*lup- (“marten”), which is perhaps also continued by Latin vulpēs (“fox”). According to de Vaan, such a development may have occurred due to the tabooistic replacement of the word for “wolf.” However, de Vaan notes that this theory requires an explanation for the term’s continuance as vulpēs. This etymology also requires a somewhat tenuous semantic development from “marten” > “fox” > “wolf.”\nPossible cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lupī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lupa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lupus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lupī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lupus<2>",
"f": "lupa"
},
"expansion": "lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lupus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 14 14 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 3 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 11 11 11 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Wolves",
"orig": "la:Wolves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "A man [is] a wolf to [another] man.",
"text": "Homō hominī lupus.",
"translation": "A man [is] a wolf to [another] man.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf (Canis lupus)"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-rzjn3J9B",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"Canis lupus",
"Canis lupus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "la:Zoology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 11 5 17 17 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 12 5 16 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 16 16 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 14 14 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 15 15 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 3 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
"pike (Esocidae)"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-q28r4xB7",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
],
[
"Esocidae",
"Esocidae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
"pike (Esocidae)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "la:Zoology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 11 5 17 17 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 12 5 16 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 16 16 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 14 14 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 15 15 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 3 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-chqePbpX",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"wolffish",
"wolffish"
],
[
"Anarhichadidae",
"Anarhichadidae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "la:Zoology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 16 16 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 6 6 57 7 7 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
"an uncertain kind of spider"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-DSOyZy6m",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"uncertain",
"uncertain"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"spider",
"spider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
"an uncertain kind of spider"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Carpentry",
"orig": "la:Carpentry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 11 5 17 17 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 12 5 16 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 16 16 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 14 14 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 15 15 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 3 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
"a kind of bit"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-WQCT5QlT",
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
"a kind of bit"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Carpentry",
"orig": "la:Carpentry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 11 5 17 17 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 12 5 16 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 16 16 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 14 14 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 15 15 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 3 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
"a kind of handsaw"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-vpGtv~yd",
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"handsaw",
"handsaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
"a kind of handsaw"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Carpentry",
"orig": "la:Carpentry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 11 5 17 17 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 12 5 16 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 16 16 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 14 14 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 15 15 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 3 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-Wm4oFk~u",
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"hook",
"hook"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"hoist",
"hoist"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 11 5 17 17 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 12 5 16 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 16 16 16 11 11 11 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 14 14 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 13 4 15 15 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 12 3 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hops (H. lupulus)"
],
"id": "en-lupus-la-noun-FdEyAc6K",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"hops",
"hops"
],
[
"H. lupulus",
"Humulus lupulus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) hops (H. lupulus)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫʊ.pʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluː.pus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hirpus"
}
],
"word": "lupus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin doublets",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wĺ̥kʷos",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with uncertain meaning",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Wolves"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf",
"translation": "to wish the impossible, literally: to wish to rescue a lamb from a wolf",
"word": "agnum lupō ēripere velle"
},
{
"word": "homō hominī lupus"
},
{
"word": "lupa"
},
{
"word": "lupārius"
},
{
"word": "lupātus"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "lupellus"
},
{
"word": "Lupercus"
},
{
"word": "lupīnus"
},
{
"word": "lupulus"
},
{
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"word": "lupus in fābulā"
},
{
"word": "lupus in sermōne"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "lupo"
},
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "lupu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupu"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lupo"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "luv"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "luv"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "*lūpum"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lúpus"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lupus"
},
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Anarhichas lupus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-sbl"
},
"expansion": "Osco-Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "/p/"
},
"expansion": "/p/",
"name": "ic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Ulpius"
},
"expansion": "Latin Ulpius",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*wl̥p /*lup-",
"t": "marten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wl̥p /*lup- (“marten”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulpēs",
"t": "fox"
},
"expansion": "Latin vulpēs (“fox”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λύκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृक (vṛka)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old English wulf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "влькъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lycos",
"3": "Lycus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lycos and Lycus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wĺ̥kʷos\nUncertain.\n* Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”). The term may have undergone metathesis to Proto-Italic *lukʷos, which then may have entered Latin via a Osco-Umbrian language, where the change of *kʷ to /p/ is regular. Another example of a borrowing with that shift is popīna. According to the linguist Stefan Höfler, a non-metathesized Italic form may be reflected in Latin Ulpius.\n* Since Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos) may showcase similar metathesis, the linguist Simon Esposito argues that the term was borrowed from a Sabellic language that itself may have borrowed the term from Greek at an early date.\n* De Vaan alternatively suggests a possible derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥p /*lup- (“marten”), which is perhaps also continued by Latin vulpēs (“fox”). According to de Vaan, such a development may have occurred due to the tabooistic replacement of the word for “wolf.” However, de Vaan notes that this theory requires an explanation for the term’s continuance as vulpēs. This etymology also requires a somewhat tenuous semantic development from “marten” > “fox” > “wolf.”\nPossible cognates include Ancient Greek λύκος (lúkos), Sanskrit वृक (vṛka), Old English wulf, and Old Church Slavonic влькъ (vlĭkŭ). Doublet of lycos and Lycus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lupī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lupa",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lupus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lupī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lupus<2>",
"f": "lupa"
},
"expansion": "lupus m (genitive lupī, feminine lupa); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lupus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"english": "A man [is] a wolf to [another] man.",
"text": "Homō hominī lupus.",
"translation": "A man [is] a wolf to [another] man.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf (Canis lupus)"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"Canis lupus",
"Canis lupus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
"pike (Esocidae)"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"pike",
"pike"
],
[
"Esocidae",
"Esocidae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
"pike (Esocidae)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"wolffish",
"wolffish"
],
[
"Anarhichadidae",
"Anarhichadidae#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
"wolffish (Anarhichadidae)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf",
"an uncertain kind of spider"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"savage",
"savage"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"uncertain",
"uncertain"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"spider",
"spider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) an animal which acts in the savage manner of a wolf, particularly:",
"an uncertain kind of spider"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Carpentry"
],
"glosses": [
"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
"a kind of bit"
],
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
"a kind of bit"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Carpentry"
],
"glosses": [
"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
"a kind of handsaw"
],
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"handsaw",
"handsaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
"a kind of handsaw"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Carpentry"
],
"glosses": [
"a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth",
"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
],
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"hook",
"hook"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"hoist",
"hoist"
],
[
"object",
"object"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) a tool which is shaped like a wolf's tooth, particularly:",
"a kind of hook used for hoisting objects"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"hops (H. lupulus)"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"hops",
"hops"
],
[
"H. lupulus",
"Humulus lupulus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) hops (H. lupulus)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫʊ.pʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluː.pus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hirpus"
}
],
"word": "lupus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lupus meaning in Latin (11.5kB)
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"lupus",
"Template:bor",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:borrowed()"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "",
"title": "lupus",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 129900024<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Thu, 12 Feb 2026 14:58:18 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.