See lup on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "lup"
},
"expansion": "Romanian lup",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. Compare Romanian lup.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "luchi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "equivalent lupoanji",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "lupoanje",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "lupã",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "lup m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "rup",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "rup:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lupsã"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-lup-rup-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lupu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lupъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lupъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lupъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lupъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lupъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "lup m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plunder, spoil"
],
"id": "en-lup-cs-noun-MIJNcRSX",
"links": [
[
"plunder",
"plunder"
],
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "loupit"
},
{
"word": "lupič"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlup]"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "lup",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌋𐌖𐌐"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Etruscan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Etruscan romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Etruscan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌋𐌖𐌐"
],
"id": "en-lup-ett-romanization-bGkFDHZq",
"links": [
[
"𐌋𐌖𐌐",
"𐌋𐌖𐌐#Etruscan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "loep",
"t": "magnifying glass"
},
"expansion": "Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "loupe",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "French loupe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fro",
"3": "loupe",
"4": "",
"5": "sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal"
},
"expansion": "Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*luppa",
"4": "",
"5": "something pendulous"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubbǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "that which hangs or dangles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lep-",
"4": "",
"5": "to peel, skin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”), from French loupe, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lup-lup",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "lup (plural lup-lup)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lup"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Optics",
"orig": "id:Optics",
"parents": [
"Physics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"magnifying glass."
],
"id": "en-lup-id-noun-xJRkI~Uy",
"links": [
[
"optics",
"optics"
],
[
"magnifying glass",
"magnifying glass#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(optics) magnifying glass."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaca pembesar"
},
{
"word": "suryakanta"
}
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"optics",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:lup"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʊp̚]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lʊp"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊp"
},
{
"rhymes": "-p"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lupi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupu",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "lupi",
"5": "definite singular",
"6": "lupu",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "lup m (plural lupi, definite singular lupu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Istro-Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-lup-ruo-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lup]"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lupus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "lup m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Megleno-Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-lup-ruq-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "lup f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lup"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lupa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of lupa"
],
"id": "en-lup-pl-noun-fEj7CIMx",
"links": [
[
"lupa",
"lupa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "lub"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin lupus",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lupi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lupilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lupi"
},
"expansion": "lup m (plural lupi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lup"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "lupilor",
"gpi": "lupi",
"gsd": "lupului",
"gsi": "lup",
"n": "",
"npd": "lupii",
"npi": "lupi",
"nsd": "lupul",
"nsi": "lup",
"vp": "lupilor",
"vs": "lupule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Canids",
"orig": "ro:Canids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"id": "en-lup-ro-noun-92thuWLb",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "lupan"
},
{
"word": "lupare"
},
{
"word": "lupărie"
},
{
"word": "lupei"
},
{
"word": "lupesc"
},
{
"word": "lupoaică"
},
{
"word": "lupoaie"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "post-1930s Cyrillic spelling",
"roman": "lup",
"word": "луп"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-lup.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-lup.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-lup.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-lup.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus (lupus > lup; cf. French: loup, Italian: lupo, Esperanto: lupo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lups",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lups",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o lup!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o lups!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lupu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "lups",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lup (nominative plural lups)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lup (nominative plural lups)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "vo",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "vo:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "vo",
"name": "Canids",
"orig": "vo:Canids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "vo",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "vo:Mammals",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lupadog"
},
{
"word": "lupik"
},
{
"word": "lupiknibaträp"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wolf (family Canidae)"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "follögaf"
},
{
"word": "nim"
},
{
"word": "sügaf"
},
{
"word": "süganim"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "he-wolf",
"word": "hilup"
},
{
"english": "she-wolf",
"word": "jilup"
},
{
"word": "lelup"
},
{
"word": "lupil"
},
{
"english": "wolf cub",
"word": "lupül"
}
],
"id": "en-lup-vo-noun-PmOC7Fve",
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"Canidae",
"Canidae#Translingual"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "bear",
"word": "ber"
},
{
"english": "dog",
"word": "dog"
},
{
"english": "cat",
"word": "kat"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "older term",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ludog"
}
]
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "lupsã"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "lup"
},
"expansion": "Romanian lup",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. Compare Romanian lup.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "luchi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "equivalent lupoanji",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "lupoanje",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "lupã",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "lup m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Aromanian lemmas",
"Aromanian masculine nouns",
"Aromanian nouns",
"Aromanian terms derived from Latin",
"Aromanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Aromanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Aromanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"rup:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lupu"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lupъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lupъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lupъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lupъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lupъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "lup m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "loupit"
},
{
"word": "lupič"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"plunder, spoil"
],
"links": [
[
"plunder",
"plunder"
],
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlup]"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "romanization"
},
"expansion": "lup",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Etruscan",
"lang_code": "ett",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌋𐌖𐌐"
}
],
"categories": [
"Etruscan entries with incorrect language header",
"Etruscan non-lemma forms",
"Etruscan romanizations",
"Etruscan terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌋𐌖𐌐"
],
"links": [
[
"𐌋𐌖𐌐",
"𐌋𐌖𐌐#Etruscan"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "loep",
"t": "magnifying glass"
},
"expansion": "Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fr",
"3": "loupe",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "French loupe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "fro",
"3": "loupe",
"4": "",
"5": "sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal"
},
"expansion": "Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*luppa",
"4": "",
"5": "something pendulous"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubbǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "that which hangs or dangles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lep-",
"4": "",
"5": "to peel, skin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch loep (“magnifying glass”), from French loupe, from Old French loupe (“sapphire lens, imperfect gem, mass of hot metal”), from Frankish *luppa (“something pendulous”), from Proto-Germanic *lubbǭ (“that which hangs or dangles”), *lub- (“to peel, hang”), from Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel, skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lup-lup",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "duplication"
},
"expansion": "lup (plural lup-lup)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lup"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Frankish",
"Indonesian terms derived from French",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old French",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/lʊp",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/lʊp/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/p",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/p/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/ʊp",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/ʊp/1 syllable",
"id:Optics"
],
"glosses": [
"magnifying glass."
],
"links": [
[
"optics",
"optics"
],
[
"magnifying glass",
"magnifying glass#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(optics) magnifying glass."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaca pembesar"
},
{
"word": "suryakanta"
}
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"optics",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:lup"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʊp̚]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lʊp"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊp"
},
{
"rhymes": "-p"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lupi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupu",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "lupi",
"5": "definite singular",
"6": "lupu",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "lup m (plural lupi, definite singular lupu)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Istro-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Istro-Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Istro-Romanian lemmas",
"Istro-Romanian masculine nouns",
"Istro-Romanian nouns",
"Istro-Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Istro-Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Istro-Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Istro-Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lup]"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lupus.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "lup m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Megleno-Romanian",
"lang_code": "ruq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Megleno-Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Megleno-Romanian lemmas",
"Megleno-Romanian masculine nouns",
"Megleno-Romanian nouns",
"Megleno-Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Megleno-Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "lup f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lup"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/up",
"Rhymes:Polish/up/1 syllable"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lupa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of lupa"
],
"links": [
[
"lupa",
"lupa#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
},
{
"homophone": "lub"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin lupus",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*lukʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *lukʷos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin lupus, from an Osco-Umbrian language, from Proto-Italic *lukʷos, metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lupi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lupilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lupi"
},
"expansion": "lup m (plural lupi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lup"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "lupilor",
"gpi": "lupi",
"gsd": "lupului",
"gsi": "lup",
"n": "",
"npd": "lupii",
"npi": "lupi",
"nsd": "lupul",
"nsi": "lup",
"vp": "lupilor",
"vs": "lupule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lupan"
},
{
"word": "lupare"
},
{
"word": "lupărie"
},
{
"word": "lupei"
},
{
"word": "lupesc"
},
{
"word": "lupoaică"
},
{
"word": "lupoaie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Romanian/up",
"Rhymes:Romanian/up/1 syllable",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"ro:Canids"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlup/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Filosoful-lup.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-lup.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-lup.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-lup.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Filosoful-lup.wav.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7913 (ron)-Andreea Teodoraa-lup.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-lup.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-lup.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-lup.wav/LL-Q7913_%28ron%29-Andreea_Teodoraa-lup.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-up"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "post-1930s Cyrillic spelling",
"roman": "lup",
"word": "луп"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "lupadog"
},
{
"word": "lupik"
},
{
"word": "lupiknibaträp"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "la",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lupus (lupus > lup; cf. French: loup, Italian: lupo, Esperanto: lupo).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lups",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lups",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lupi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "o lup!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "o lups!",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lupu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lupus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "lups",
"f1accel-form": "nom|p",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lup (nominative plural lups)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lup (nominative plural lups)",
"name": "vo-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "follögaf"
},
{
"word": "nim"
},
{
"word": "sügaf"
},
{
"word": "süganim"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"english": "he-wolf",
"word": "hilup"
},
{
"english": "she-wolf",
"word": "jilup"
},
{
"word": "lelup"
},
{
"word": "lupil"
},
{
"english": "wolf cub",
"word": "lupül"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "bear",
"word": "ber"
},
{
"english": "dog",
"word": "dog"
},
{
"english": "cat",
"word": "kat"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük lemmas",
"Volapük nouns",
"Volapük terms borrowed from Latin",
"Volapük terms derived from Latin",
"vo:Animals",
"vo:Canids",
"vo:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"wolf (family Canidae)"
],
"links": [
[
"wolf",
"wolf"
],
[
"Canidae",
"Canidae#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "older term",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ludog"
}
],
"word": "lup"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lup meaning in All languages combined (15.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"lup"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lup",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/20250113b",
"msg": "Rowspan 999 over 30, set to 1",
"path": [
"lup"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lup",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.