See lúa on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lũa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese lũa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lũa"
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"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lũa",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "lūna"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese lua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "luna"
},
"expansion": "Spanish luna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lũa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin lūna. Compare Portuguese lua and Spanish luna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lúas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lua",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lúa f (plural lúas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lú‧a"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "luar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lueiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Lúa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 36 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 17 6 41",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "gl:Astronomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Moon"
],
"id": "en-lúa-gl-noun-AhOBsBje",
"links": [
[
"Moon",
"Moon"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Lúa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 36 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "36 17 6 41",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "gl:Astronomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a moon or natural satellite of any planet"
],
"id": "en-lúa-gl-noun-2b9U976M",
"links": [
[
"moon",
"moon"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 36 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"moonlight"
],
"id": "en-lúa-gl-noun-oiklucOT",
"links": [
[
"moonlight",
"moonlight"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "luar"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 36 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "36 17 6 41",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "gl:Astronomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a lunar month"
],
"id": "en-lúa-gl-noun-y7oDba~v",
"links": [
[
"lunar month",
"lunar month"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lunación"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlua/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.ɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ua"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lúi"
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],
"glosses": [
"indefinite accusative singular of lúi"
],
"id": "en-lúa-is-noun-3qKFns1l",
"links": [
[
"lúi",
"lúi#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
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},
{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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{
"word": "lúi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite dative singular of lúi"
],
"id": "en-lúa-is-noun-wem8eTF8",
"links": [
[
"lúi",
"lúi#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
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{
"word": "lúi"
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],
"glosses": [
"indefinite genitive singular of lúi"
],
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"links": [
[
"lúi",
"lúi#Icelandic"
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],
"tags": [
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"genitive",
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"singular"
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}
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"forms": [
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"form": "lúas",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"name": "es-noun"
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],
"hyphenation": [
"lú‧a"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
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"parents": [],
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"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "es:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 3 2 1 1 1 46 15 15 1 3 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 2 1 1 1 1 39 21 21 1 2 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lee"
],
"id": "en-lúa-es-noun-FQi2l4la",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"lee",
"lee"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) lee"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlua/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ua"
}
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hai lúa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hết lúa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa cấy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa chét"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa Chiêm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa đông-xuân"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa hè-thu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa lốc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa ma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa má"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa mạch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa mì"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa mùa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa nếp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa nổi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa nước"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa nương"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa rẫy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa sạ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa sớm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa tẻ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa thu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa trời"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa xuân"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lúa xuân-hè"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "quạt lúa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thóc lúa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vựa lúa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "xôi lúa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-lɔʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"name": "cog"
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"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "*[l]ˤuʔ",
"name": "IPAfont"
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{
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"tr": "*lˤuʔ"
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"expansion": "稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"2": "*t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw()",
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"4": "taro"
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"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*k-lɔʔ"
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"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
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"4": "paddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”) (Ferlus, 2015). Cognate with Muong Bi lõ and Arem alɑːˀ.\nAccording to Ferlus, it is a loanword from Old Chinese 稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ) (B-S) (SV: đạo), in turn related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”). Ferlus reasons that the two different plants share the same ecological farming niche, thus facilitating semantic shift from \"taro\" to \"rice\". Shorto notes a dubious connection between Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ and Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”).\nThe verb sense comes from the name of the teacher Nguyễn Văn Lúa who taught French at the Pétrus Ký High School around 1955 in Saigon. He was known for his brutality when grading exams. Alternatively, it could have the same origin as the noun sense.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cây",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "穭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧀦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "魯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "ló",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "穭, 𧀦, 魯"
},
"expansion": "lúa • (穭, 𧀦, 魯)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "穭, 𧀦, 魯",
"cls": "cây"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cây) lúa • (穭, 𧀦, 魯)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cơm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gạo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nếp"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 13 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "vi:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 20 23 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "vi:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 16 16 0 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rice (with seed still in stalk)"
],
"id": "en-lúa-vi-noun-l21eHfa8",
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 20 13 29 2 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 13 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "vi:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 20 23 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "vi:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 16 16 0 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"paddy; unhusked rice"
],
"id": "en-lúa-vi-noun-t91CcKYa",
"links": [
[
"paddy",
"paddy"
],
[
"unhusked",
"unhusked"
],
[
"rice",
"rice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) paddy; unhusked rice"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thóc"
}
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "I'm broke this week, come back later if you want to borrow (some bucks).",
"text": "Tuần này hết lúa rồi, mượn gì thì để sau.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"money"
],
"id": "en-lúa-vi-noun-jSrItY6t",
"links": [
[
"money",
"money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) money"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[luə˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"French language",
"Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-lɔʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Arem",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"2": "och",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "*[l]ˤuʔ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "稻",
"tr": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
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"2": "*t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw()",
"3": "",
"4": "taro"
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"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*k-lɔʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "*s-ruʔ",
"4": "paddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”) (Ferlus, 2015). Cognate with Muong Bi lõ and Arem alɑːˀ.\nAccording to Ferlus, it is a loanword from Old Chinese 稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ) (B-S) (SV: đạo), in turn related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”). Ferlus reasons that the two different plants share the same ecological farming niche, thus facilitating semantic shift from \"taro\" to \"rice\". Shorto notes a dubious connection between Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ and Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”).\nThe verb sense comes from the name of the teacher Nguyễn Văn Lúa who taught French at the Pétrus Ký High School around 1955 in Saigon. He was known for his brutality when grading exams. Alternatively, it could have the same origin as the noun sense.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ló",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 37 7 6 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 13 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "vi:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 20 23 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "vi:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 16 16 0 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "It really does look shabby, but it's still selling wildly...",
"text": "Đúng là nhìn hơi lúa, mà vẫn bán hàng ầm ầm...",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
42,
47
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
31
]
],
"english": "The guy is thirty years old, looks rather plain, and promises not to let his girlfriend suffer.",
"text": "Chàng trai 30 tuổi nhìn hơi lúa hứa sẽ không để bạn gái chịu khổ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for hai lúa (“rustic; bumpkinish”).",
"unrefined; rather plain; shabby"
],
"id": "en-lúa-vi-adj-ICKFrB~r",
"links": [
[
"hai lúa",
"hai lúa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"shabby",
"shabby"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 37 7 6 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 13 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "vi:Foods",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 20 23 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "vi:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 16 16 0 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
59,
70
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
44
]
],
"english": "The cream is in a yellow pack, cheap plastic, looks rather low quality.",
"text": "Kem hộp màu vàng, nhựa rẻ tiền, nhìn hơi lúa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for hai lúa (“rustic; bumpkinish”).",
"rather cheap; low quality"
],
"id": "en-lúa-vi-adj-VN~sFZ~l",
"links": [
[
"hai lúa",
"hai lúa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[luə˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"French language",
"Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-lɔʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "och",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "*[l]ˤuʔ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "稻",
"tr": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw()",
"3": "",
"4": "taro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*k-lɔʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "*s-ruʔ",
"4": "paddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”) (Ferlus, 2015). Cognate with Muong Bi lõ and Arem alɑːˀ.\nAccording to Ferlus, it is a loanword from Old Chinese 稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ) (B-S) (SV: đạo), in turn related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”). Ferlus reasons that the two different plants share the same ecological farming niche, thus facilitating semantic shift from \"taro\" to \"rice\". Shorto notes a dubious connection between Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ and Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”).\nThe verb sense comes from the name of the teacher Nguyễn Văn Lúa who taught French at the Pétrus Ký High School around 1955 in Saigon. He was known for his brutality when grading exams. Alternatively, it could have the same origin as the noun sense.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ló",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 7 6 1 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 20 23 0 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "vi:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 16 16 0 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "That student has failed [the test]!",
"text": "Trò ấy lúa rồi!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Business is now screwed.",
"text": "Công việc lúa cả rồi!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
77,
87
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
43
]
],
"english": "How can his name so matching with his character. Meet him and your life will fall apart. He is infamous for being a devil who fails students. Yet he is respected by his colleagues.",
"ref": "2014 March 24, TranDuong, “Nhìn lại việc thi tú tài ở Việt Nam trước 1975”, in Vietnam Future:",
"text": "Tên sao trùng với người thế. Gặp ông là lúa đời rồi. Ông nổi tiếng hung thần đánh rớt học trò. Vậy mà được đồng nghiệp kính nể.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fail (a task or an academic examination)"
],
"id": "en-lúa-vi-verb-ciEogNVe",
"links": [
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"academic",
"academic"
],
[
"examination",
"examination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam, dated, slang, intransitive) to fail (a task or an academic examination)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam",
"dated",
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[luə˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"French language",
"Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date",
"Rhymes:Galician/ua",
"Rhymes:Galician/ua/2 syllables",
"gl:Astronomy",
"vi:Foods",
"vi:Grains",
"vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lũa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese lũa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lũa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lũa",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "lūna"
},
"expansion": "Latin lūna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese lua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "luna"
},
"expansion": "Spanish luna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lũa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin lūna. Compare Portuguese lua and Spanish luna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lúas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lua",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lúa f (plural lúas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lú‧a"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "luar"
},
{
"word": "lueiro"
},
{
"word": "Lúa"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the Moon"
],
"links": [
[
"Moon",
"Moon"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Lúa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a moon or natural satellite of any planet"
],
"links": [
[
"moon",
"moon"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"moonlight"
],
"links": [
[
"moonlight",
"moonlight"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "luar"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lunar month"
],
"links": [
[
"lunar month",
"lunar month"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lunación"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlua/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.ɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ua"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic non-lemma forms",
"Icelandic noun forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date",
"vi:Foods",
"vi:Grains",
"vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lúi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite accusative singular of lúi"
],
"links": [
[
"lúi",
"lúi#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lúi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite dative singular of lúi"
],
"links": [
[
"lúi",
"lúi#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lúi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite genitive singular of lúi"
],
"links": [
[
"lúi",
"lúi#Icelandic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date",
"vi:Foods",
"vi:Grains",
"vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "lúas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lúa f (plural lúas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lú‧a"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ua",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ua/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"es:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"lee"
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"lee",
"lee"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) lee"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlua/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.a]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ua"
}
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Old Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Foods",
"vi:Grains",
"vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hai lúa"
},
{
"word": "hết lúa"
},
{
"word": "lúa cấy"
},
{
"word": "lúa chét"
},
{
"word": "lúa Chiêm"
},
{
"word": "lúa đông-xuân"
},
{
"word": "lúa hè-thu"
},
{
"word": "lúa lốc"
},
{
"word": "lúa ma"
},
{
"word": "lúa má"
},
{
"word": "lúa mạch"
},
{
"word": "lúa mì"
},
{
"word": "lúa mùa"
},
{
"word": "lúa nếp"
},
{
"word": "lúa nổi"
},
{
"word": "lúa nước"
},
{
"word": "lúa nương"
},
{
"word": "lúa rẫy"
},
{
"word": "lúa sạ"
},
{
"word": "lúa sớm"
},
{
"word": "lúa tẻ"
},
{
"word": "lúa thu"
},
{
"word": "lúa trời"
},
{
"word": "lúa xuân"
},
{
"word": "lúa xuân-hè"
},
{
"word": "quạt lúa"
},
{
"word": "thóc lúa"
},
{
"word": "vựa lúa"
},
{
"word": "xôi lúa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-lɔʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "och",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "*[l]ˤuʔ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "稻",
"tr": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw()",
"3": "",
"4": "taro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*k-lɔʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "*s-ruʔ",
"4": "paddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”) (Ferlus, 2015). Cognate with Muong Bi lõ and Arem alɑːˀ.\nAccording to Ferlus, it is a loanword from Old Chinese 稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ) (B-S) (SV: đạo), in turn related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”). Ferlus reasons that the two different plants share the same ecological farming niche, thus facilitating semantic shift from \"taro\" to \"rice\". Shorto notes a dubious connection between Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ and Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”).\nThe verb sense comes from the name of the teacher Nguyễn Văn Lúa who taught French at the Pétrus Ký High School around 1955 in Saigon. He was known for his brutality when grading exams. Alternatively, it could have the same origin as the noun sense.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cây",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "穭",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𧀦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "魯",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "ló",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "穭, 𧀦, 魯"
},
"expansion": "lúa • (穭, 𧀦, 魯)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "穭, 𧀦, 魯",
"cls": "cây"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cây) lúa • (穭, 𧀦, 魯)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cơm"
},
{
"word": "gạo"
},
{
"word": "nếp"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rice (with seed still in stalk)"
],
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"stalk",
"stalk"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Central Vietnamese",
"Southern Vietnamese"
],
"glosses": [
"paddy; unhusked rice"
],
"links": [
[
"paddy",
"paddy"
],
[
"unhusked",
"unhusked"
],
[
"rice",
"rice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) paddy; unhusked rice"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thóc"
}
],
"tags": [
"Central",
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese slang",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "I'm broke this week, come back later if you want to borrow (some bucks).",
"text": "Tuần này hết lúa rồi, mượn gì thì để sau.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"money"
],
"links": [
[
"money",
"money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) money"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[luə˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"French language",
"Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Old Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Foods",
"vi:Grains",
"vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-lɔʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "och",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "*[l]ˤuʔ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "稻",
"tr": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw()",
"3": "",
"4": "taro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*k-lɔʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "*s-ruʔ",
"4": "paddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”) (Ferlus, 2015). Cognate with Muong Bi lõ and Arem alɑːˀ.\nAccording to Ferlus, it is a loanword from Old Chinese 稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ) (B-S) (SV: đạo), in turn related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”). Ferlus reasons that the two different plants share the same ecological farming niche, thus facilitating semantic shift from \"taro\" to \"rice\". Shorto notes a dubious connection between Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ and Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”).\nThe verb sense comes from the name of the teacher Nguyễn Văn Lúa who taught French at the Pétrus Ký High School around 1955 in Saigon. He was known for his brutality when grading exams. Alternatively, it could have the same origin as the noun sense.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ló",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese short forms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "It really does look shabby, but it's still selling wildly...",
"text": "Đúng là nhìn hơi lúa, mà vẫn bán hàng ầm ầm...",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
42,
47
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
28,
31
]
],
"english": "The guy is thirty years old, looks rather plain, and promises not to let his girlfriend suffer.",
"text": "Chàng trai 30 tuổi nhìn hơi lúa hứa sẽ không để bạn gái chịu khổ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for hai lúa (“rustic; bumpkinish”).",
"unrefined; rather plain; shabby"
],
"links": [
[
"hai lúa",
"hai lúa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"unrefined",
"unrefined"
],
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"shabby",
"shabby"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese short forms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
59,
70
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
44
]
],
"english": "The cream is in a yellow pack, cheap plastic, looks rather low quality.",
"text": "Kem hộp màu vàng, nhựa rẻ tiền, nhìn hơi lúa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for hai lúa (“rustic; bumpkinish”).",
"rather cheap; low quality"
],
"links": [
[
"hai lúa",
"hai lúa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
],
[
"quality",
"quality"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[luə˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"French language",
"Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for date",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cây",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Old Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"vi:Foods",
"vi:Grains",
"vi:Oryzeae tribe grasses"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-lɔʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "och",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "*[l]ˤuʔ",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "稻",
"tr": "*lˤuʔ"
},
"expansion": "稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "paddy rice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw()",
"3": "",
"4": "taro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*k-lɔʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*sruʔ",
"3": "*s-ruʔ",
"4": "paddy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ (“paddy rice”) (Ferlus, 2015). Cognate with Muong Bi lõ and Arem alɑːˀ.\nAccording to Ferlus, it is a loanword from Old Chinese 稻 (OC *[l]ˤuʔ) (B-S) (SV: đạo), in turn related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sruʔ (“paddy rice”) and Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₂rawʔ ~ *t₂raaw() (“taro”). Ferlus reasons that the two different plants share the same ecological farming niche, thus facilitating semantic shift from \"taro\" to \"rice\". Shorto notes a dubious connection between Proto-Vietic *k-lɔʔ and Proto-Mon-Khmer *s-ruʔ (“paddy”).\nThe verb sense comes from the name of the teacher Nguyễn Văn Lúa who taught French at the Pétrus Ký High School around 1955 in Saigon. He was known for his brutality when grading exams. Alternatively, it could have the same origin as the noun sense.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ló",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lúa",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Southern Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese dated terms",
"Vietnamese intransitive verbs",
"Vietnamese slang",
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"english": "That student has failed [the test]!",
"text": "Trò ấy lúa rồi!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Business is now screwed.",
"text": "Công việc lúa cả rồi!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
77,
87
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
43
]
],
"english": "How can his name so matching with his character. Meet him and your life will fall apart. He is infamous for being a devil who fails students. Yet he is respected by his colleagues.",
"ref": "2014 March 24, TranDuong, “Nhìn lại việc thi tú tài ở Việt Nam trước 1975”, in Vietnam Future:",
"text": "Tên sao trùng với người thế. Gặp ông là lúa đời rồi. Ông nổi tiếng hung thần đánh rớt học trò. Vậy mà được đồng nghiệp kính nể.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fail (a task or an academic examination)"
],
"links": [
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"academic",
"academic"
],
[
"examination",
"examination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam, dated, slang, intransitive) to fail (a task or an academic examination)"
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam",
"dated",
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[luə˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[luə˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"French language",
"Lê Hồng Phong High School for the Gifted"
],
"word": "lúa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lúa meaning in All languages combined (17.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (142890b and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.