See kolk on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kolk meaning in All languages combined (12.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kolk",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch kolk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kolks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kolk (plural kolks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An underwater vortex similar to a whirlwind, capable of dislodging, picking up, and moving boulders."
],
"id": "en-kolk-en-noun-A2VgcJwz",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"vortex",
"vortex"
],
[
"whirlwind",
"whirlwind"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) An underwater vortex similar to a whirlwind, capable of dislodging, picking up, and moving boulders."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"kolk (vortex)"
]
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "draaikolk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kolkdijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kolksloot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "molenkolk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rioolkolk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sluiskolk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "straatkolk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kolk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Afrikaans: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Afrikaans: kolk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "colc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch colc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kolk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kolk",
"t": "hollow, pit, gully"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kolk (“hollow, pit, gully”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kulukaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kulukaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kelǭ",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "*kelǭ (“throat”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch colc, from Old Dutch *kolk, from Proto-West Germanic *kolk (“hollow, pit, gully”), from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz, an extension of *kelǭ (“throat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kolken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "kolkje",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "kolk f or m (plural kolken, diminutive kolkje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kolk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vortex, maelstrom"
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-noun-3WJWkHKx",
"links": [
[
"vortex",
"vortex"
],
[
"maelstrom",
"maelstrom"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "draaikolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A drain that is part a sewer system."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 83 3 1 1 4 4",
"sense": "drain of a sewer system",
"word": "put"
}
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-noun-qlu2sA3k",
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"sewer",
"sewer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "put"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small waterway connected to one or several windmills that control the water level in a polder, serving as a conduit to remove surplus water."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 66 14 2 8 3",
"sense": "small waterway connected to windmills in a polder",
"word": "sloot"
}
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-noun-Wv8vUmDE",
"links": [
[
"waterway",
"waterway"
],
[
"windmill",
"windmill"
],
[
"polder",
"polder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "boezemsloot"
},
{
"word": "kolksloot"
},
{
"word": "molenkolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dyke beside such a waterway."
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-noun-WIu3LpdZ",
"links": [
[
"waterway",
"waterway"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kolkdijk"
},
{
"word": "molenkolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stagnant pool or lake resulting from the vortex of e.g. a breached dyke."
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-noun-PVnQ4v7g",
"links": [
[
"pool",
"pool"
],
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"dyke",
"dyke"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The body of water between sluice gates."
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-noun-D0X6Vwwz",
"links": [
[
"sluice",
"sluice"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sluiskolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 13 12 9 11 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with f+m gender",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dug watering hole."
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-noun-m5R8zRx5",
"links": [
[
"dug",
"dug"
],
[
"watering hole",
"watering hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔlk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kolk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg/Nl-kolk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kolk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kolk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 2 5 1 6 26 1 38 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kolken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-verb-EqQJ3mg4",
"links": [
[
"kolken",
"kolken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kolken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-kolk-nl-verb-LUjlwsq2",
"links": [
[
"kolken",
"kolken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔlk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kolk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg/Nl-kolk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*colc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kolk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kolk",
"3": "kulk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kolk, kulk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kolk, kulk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kolk"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Kolk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kolc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: kolc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: kolc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kolk"
},
"expansion": "German: Kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kolk"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kolken",
"3": "kölken",
"4": "kolksen",
"der": "1",
"q2": "dialectal",
"t": "to gulp",
"t3": "to vomit"
},
"expansion": "⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kulke",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1",
"t": "to swallow, gulp"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "colc",
"3": "culc",
"4": "colck"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: colc, culc, colck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: colc, culc, colck"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kolk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kolken",
"der": "1",
"t": "to belch"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*koluk"
},
"expansion": "*koluk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kulukaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kulukaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *koluk, from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kolk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kolk m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kolk",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kolk",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kelā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "keluk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a depression, hollow, well"
],
"id": "en-kolk-gmw-pro-noun-AKGHxSzV",
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the pit of the stomach, gullet"
],
"id": "en-kolk-gmw-pro-noun-~FMExFA5",
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"gullet",
"gullet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) the pit of the stomach, gullet"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with f+m gender",
"Dutch nouns with multiple genders",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlk",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlk/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "draaikolk"
},
{
"word": "kolkdijk"
},
{
"word": "kolksloot"
},
{
"word": "molenkolk"
},
{
"word": "rioolkolk"
},
{
"word": "sluiskolk"
},
{
"word": "straatkolk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kolk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Afrikaans: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Afrikaans: kolk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "colc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch colc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kolk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kolk",
"t": "hollow, pit, gully"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kolk (“hollow, pit, gully”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kulukaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kulukaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kelǭ",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "*kelǭ (“throat”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch colc, from Old Dutch *kolk, from Proto-West Germanic *kolk (“hollow, pit, gully”), from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz, an extension of *kelǭ (“throat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kolken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "kolkje",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "kolk f or m (plural kolken, diminutive kolkje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense": "drain of a sewer system",
"word": "put"
},
{
"sense": "small waterway connected to windmills in a polder",
"word": "sloot"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kolk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vortex, maelstrom"
],
"links": [
[
"vortex",
"vortex"
],
[
"maelstrom",
"maelstrom"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "draaikolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A drain that is part a sewer system."
],
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"sewer",
"sewer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "put"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small waterway connected to one or several windmills that control the water level in a polder, serving as a conduit to remove surplus water."
],
"links": [
[
"waterway",
"waterway"
],
[
"windmill",
"windmill"
],
[
"polder",
"polder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "boezemsloot"
},
{
"word": "kolksloot"
},
{
"word": "molenkolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dyke beside such a waterway."
],
"links": [
[
"waterway",
"waterway"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kolkdijk"
},
{
"word": "molenkolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A stagnant pool or lake resulting from the vortex of e.g. a breached dyke."
],
"links": [
[
"pool",
"pool"
],
[
"lake",
"lake"
],
[
"breach",
"breach"
],
[
"dyke",
"dyke"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The body of water between sluice gates."
],
"links": [
[
"sluice",
"sluice"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sluiskolk"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dug watering hole."
],
"links": [
[
"dug",
"dug"
],
[
"watering hole",
"watering hole"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔlk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kolk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg/Nl-kolk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlk",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɔlk/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kolk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kolk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kolken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"kolken",
"kolken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kolken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"kolken",
"kolken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of kolken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔlk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔlk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kolk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg/Nl-kolk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Nl-kolk.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kolk",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch kolk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kolks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kolk (plural kolks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Dutch",
"English terms derived from Dutch",
"en:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"An underwater vortex similar to a whirlwind, capable of dislodging, picking up, and moving boulders."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"vortex",
"vortex"
],
[
"whirlwind",
"whirlwind"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) An underwater vortex similar to a whirlwind, capable of dislodging, picking up, and moving boulders."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"kolk (vortex)"
]
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*colc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *colc\n>? Middle English: colk\n>? English: coke\n⇒? Middle English: colkenen (“to gasp, gulp”)\n>? Scots: cowk (“to retch, vomit”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kolk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kolk",
"3": "kulk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: kolk, kulk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: kolk, kulk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Kolk"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Kolk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kolc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle High German: kolc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle High German: kolc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kolk"
},
"expansion": "German: Kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Kolk"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kolken",
"3": "kölken",
"4": "kolksen",
"der": "1",
"q2": "dialectal",
"t": "to gulp",
"t3": "to vomit"
},
"expansion": "⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ German: kolken (“to gulp”), (dialectal) kölken, kolksen (“to vomit”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kulke",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1",
"t": "to swallow, gulp"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Danish: kulke (“to swallow, gulp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kolk"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kolk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "colc",
"3": "culc",
"4": "colck"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: colc, culc, colck",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: colc, culc, colck"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kolk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kolk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kolk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kolk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kolken",
"der": "1",
"t": "to belch"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Dutch: kolken (“to belch”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*koluk"
},
"expansion": "*koluk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kulukaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kulukaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *koluk, from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kolk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kolku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kolkum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*kolk m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kolk",
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kolk",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kelā"
},
{
"word": "keluk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a depression, hollow, well"
],
"links": [
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"hollow",
"hollow"
],
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the pit of the stomach, gullet"
],
"links": [
[
"pit",
"pit"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"gullet",
"gullet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) the pit of the stomach, gullet"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kolk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.