See karst on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for karst meaning in All languages combined (21.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Karst"
},
"expansion": "German Karst",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sl",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Slovene",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*korsъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *korsъ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roa-itd"
},
"expansion": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "carso"
},
"expansion": "Italian carso",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ker-",
"t": "hard; rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard; rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesis"
},
"expansion": "metathesis",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Karst. The German term and the Slovene placename Kras (the Karst Plateau) are from Proto-Slavic *korsъ, from Italo-Dalmatian carsus (cf. Italian carso), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard; rock”). More at Karst.\nThe metathesis in the Slovene term precludes German borrowing from Slovene.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "karst (plural karsts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aragonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "karst spring"
},
{
"word": "karstic"
},
{
"word": "karstology"
},
{
"word": "thermokarst"
},
{
"word": "glaciokarst"
},
{
"word": "paleokarst"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, M. M. Sweeting, “The Karst of Kweilin, Southern China”, in The Geographical Journal, volume 144, number 2, page 200",
"text": "In the time available to us on our geomorphological tour we were not able to see the higher and younger karsts of Kweichow and Yunnan and Kunming.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009 May 29, “Katherine Harmon”, in Top 10 New Species Discovered in 2008",
"text": "The shells are just 0.04 inch (one millimeter) long and were found on a karst formation where conditions are damp, but the snails that inhabit them have yet to be observed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage."
],
"id": "en-karst-en-noun-QAFRetBp",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"formation",
"formation"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
],
[
"underground",
"underground"
],
[
"drainage",
"drainage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "կարստ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carst"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "巖溶"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngaam⁴ jung⁴",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "岩溶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánróng",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "岩溶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kāsītè",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "喀斯特"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kras"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karsto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karsti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Karst"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karszt"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carst"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boireann"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carso"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karusuto",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "カルスト"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "karstlandskap"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kras"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carste"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кр̏ш"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кра̏с"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏рст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȑš"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "krȁs"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁrst"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malpaís"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "các-xtơ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "các-tơ"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carst"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Karst Plateau (Italy-Slovenia)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑːst/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɹst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)st"
},
{
"homophone": "cast"
},
{
"homophone": "caste (in some non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-karst.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/En-au-karst.ogg/En-au-karst.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/En-au-karst.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "käst"
},
{
"enpr": "kärst"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Karst"
},
"expansion": "German Karst",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Karst.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "karst m (plural karsten)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"karst"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "nl:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "karstbron"
}
],
"glosses": [
"karst (terrain with caves formed by limestone dissolution by underground drainage)"
],
"id": "en-karst-nl-noun-lsHwpSKj",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst (terrain with caves formed by limestone dissolution by underground drainage)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑrst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑrst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-karst.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Nl-karst.ogg/Nl-karst.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Nl-karst.ogg"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "karst m (plural karsts)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "fr:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"karst"
],
"id": "en-karst-fr-noun-Gpr94Ljw",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:karst"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaʁst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-karst.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsts",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-n-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "karsts",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "no plural",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "karst n (genitive singular karsts, no plural)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "karsts",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "karst n (genitive singular karsts, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "a",
"3": "rst",
"pl": "-"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-n-s"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "körst",
"accpd": "körstin",
"accs": "karst",
"accsd": "karstið",
"datp": "körstum",
"datpd": "körstunum",
"dats": "karsti",
"datsd": "karstinu",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "karsta",
"genpd": "karstanna",
"gens": "karsts",
"gensd": "karstsins",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "körst",
"nompd": "körstin",
"noms": "karst",
"nomsd": "karstið",
"pl": "-",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accs": "karst",
"accsd": "karstið",
"dats": "karsti",
"datsd": "karstinu",
"gens": "karsts",
"gensd": "karstsins",
"noms": "karst",
"nomsd": "karstið"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sg"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "is",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "is:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"karst"
],
"id": "en-karst-is-noun-Gpr94Ljw",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-plural"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰar̥st/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ar̥st"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "karst"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: karst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: karst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Charst"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Charst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Charst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Kaasch",
"3": "Kaascht"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: Kaasch, Kaascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: Kaasch, Kaascht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Kaarscht"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Kaarscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Kaarscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Koascht",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Koascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moselle Franconian: Koascht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Karst",
"id": "hoe"
},
"expansion": "German: Karst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Karst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kaascht"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kaascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Kaascht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "Kaarsch",
"3": "Kaarscht"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian: Kaarsch, Kaarscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian: Kaarsch, Kaarscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pfl",
"2": "Kaarsch",
"3": "Kaarscht"
},
"expansion": "Palatine German: Kaarsch, Kaarscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Palatine German: Kaarsch, Kaarscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vmf",
"2": "Koascht",
"3": "Koaschd"
},
"expansion": "East Franconian: Koascht, Koaschd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Franconian: Koascht, Koaschd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karsk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karsk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karjaną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; perhaps from a Proto-West Germanic *karsk, *karst related to keren (“to sweep”), from Proto-Germanic *karjaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karstes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karstu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "karst m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "karst m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "karst"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mattock, hoe"
],
"id": "en-karst-goh-noun-QSKkJ426",
"links": [
[
"mattock",
"mattock"
],
[
"hoe",
"hoe"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carsc"
},
{
"word": "kars"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "de",
"3": "der",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German der",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "de",
"3": "der"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German der",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German der Karst, name of a limestone region in Slovenia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "karstes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "karstes"
},
"expansion": "karst m (plural karstes)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "es:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"karst"
],
"id": "en-karst-es-noun-Gpr94Ljw",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "malpaís"
},
{
"word": "carst"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "karstbron"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Karst"
},
"expansion": "German Karst",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Karst.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsten",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "karst m (plural karsten)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"karst"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms borrowed from German",
"Dutch terms derived from German",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑrst",
"nl:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"karst (terrain with caves formed by limestone dissolution by underground drainage)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst (terrain with caves formed by limestone dissolution by underground drainage)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑrst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑrst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-karst.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/Nl-karst.ogg/Nl-karst.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Nl-karst.ogg"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "karst spring"
},
{
"word": "karstic"
},
{
"word": "karstology"
},
{
"word": "thermokarst"
},
{
"word": "glaciokarst"
},
{
"word": "paleokarst"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Karst"
},
"expansion": "German Karst",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sl",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Slovene",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*korsъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *korsъ",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roa-itd"
},
"expansion": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "carso"
},
"expansion": "Italian carso",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ker-",
"t": "hard; rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard; rock”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "metathesis"
},
"expansion": "metathesis",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Karst. The German term and the Slovene placename Kras (the Karst Plateau) are from Proto-Slavic *korsъ, from Italo-Dalmatian carsus (cf. Italian carso), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“hard; rock”). More at Karst.\nThe metathesis in the Slovene term precludes German borrowing from Slovene.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "karst (plural karsts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms derived from Italo-Dalmatian languages",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"English terms derived from Slovene",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)st",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)st/1 syllable",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978, M. M. Sweeting, “The Karst of Kweilin, Southern China”, in The Geographical Journal, volume 144, number 2, page 200",
"text": "In the time available to us on our geomorphological tour we were not able to see the higher and younger karsts of Kweichow and Yunnan and Kunming.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009 May 29, “Katherine Harmon”, in Top 10 New Species Discovered in 2008",
"text": "The shells are just 0.04 inch (one millimeter) long and were found on a karst formation where conditions are damp, but the snails that inhabit them have yet to be observed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"formation",
"formation"
],
[
"cave",
"cave"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
],
[
"underground",
"underground"
],
[
"drainage",
"drainage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Karst Plateau (Italy-Slovenia)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑːst/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɹst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)st"
},
{
"homophone": "cast"
},
{
"homophone": "caste (in some non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-karst.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/En-au-karst.ogg/En-au-karst.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/En-au-karst.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "käst"
},
{
"enpr": "kärst"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "կարստ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carst"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "巖溶"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngaam⁴ jung⁴",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "岩溶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yánróng",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "岩溶"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kāsītè",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "喀斯特"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kras"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karsto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karsti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Karst"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karszt"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carst"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "boireann"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carso"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "karusuto",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "カルスト"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "karstlandskap"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kras"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carste"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karst",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "карст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кр̏ш"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "кра̏с"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏рст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȑš"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "krȁs"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁrst"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malpaís"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "karst"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "các-xtơ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"word": "các-tơ"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "type of land formation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carst"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "karst m (plural karsts)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms spelled with K",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"fr:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"karst"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:karst"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaʁst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-karst.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-karst.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "karsts",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-n-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstinu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstsins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "-",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "karsts",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "no plural",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "karst n (genitive singular karsts, no plural)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "karsts",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "karst n (genitive singular karsts, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "a",
"3": "rst",
"pl": "-"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-n-s"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accp": "körst",
"accpd": "körstin",
"accs": "karst",
"accsd": "karstið",
"datp": "körstum",
"datpd": "körstunum",
"dats": "karsti",
"datsd": "karstinu",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "karsta",
"genpd": "karstanna",
"gens": "karsts",
"gensd": "karstsins",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "körst",
"nompd": "körstin",
"noms": "karst",
"nomsd": "karstið",
"pl": "-",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n-s",
"accs": "karst",
"accsd": "karstið",
"dats": "karsti",
"datsd": "karstinu",
"gens": "karsts",
"gensd": "karstsins",
"noms": "karst",
"nomsd": "karstið"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sg"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic neuter nouns",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Icelandic uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ar̥st",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ar̥st/1 syllable",
"is:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"karst"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst"
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"no-plural"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kʰar̥st/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ar̥st"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "karst"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: karst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: karst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "Charst"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: Charst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: Charst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Kaasch",
"3": "Kaascht"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian: Kaasch, Kaascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Franconian: Kaasch, Kaascht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Kaarscht"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Kaarscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Kaarscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "Koascht",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Koascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moselle Franconian: Koascht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Karst",
"id": "hoe"
},
"expansion": "German: Karst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Karst"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Kaascht"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kaascht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Kaascht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-rfr",
"2": "Kaarsch",
"3": "Kaarscht"
},
"expansion": "Rhine Franconian: Kaarsch, Kaarscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Rhine Franconian: Kaarsch, Kaarscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pfl",
"2": "Kaarsch",
"3": "Kaarscht"
},
"expansion": "Palatine German: Kaarsch, Kaarscht",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Palatine German: Kaarsch, Kaarscht"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vmf",
"2": "Koascht",
"3": "Koaschd"
},
"expansion": "East Franconian: Koascht, Koaschd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "East Franconian: Koascht, Koaschd"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karsk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karsk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karjaną",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; perhaps from a Proto-West Germanic *karsk, *karst related to keren (“to sweep”), from Proto-Germanic *karjaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "goh-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karstes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karsto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "karstum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "karstu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "karst m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "karst m",
"name": "goh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "karst"
},
"name": "goh-decl-noun-a-m"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old High German a-stem nouns",
"Old High German entries with incorrect language header",
"Old High German lemmas",
"Old High German masculine nouns",
"Old High German nouns",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old High German terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"mattock, hoe"
],
"links": [
[
"mattock",
"mattock"
],
[
"hoe",
"hoe"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carsc"
},
{
"word": "kars"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "de",
"3": "der",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German der",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "de",
"3": "der"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German der",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German der Karst, name of a limestone region in Slovenia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "karstes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "karstes"
},
"expansion": "karst m (plural karstes)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from German",
"Spanish terms derived from German",
"Spanish terms spelled with K",
"es:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"karst"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"karst",
"karst#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) karst"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "malpaís"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carst"
}
],
"word": "karst"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Icelandic]; cleaned text: n-s",
"path": [
"karst"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "karst",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.