See irk on Wiktionary
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"word": "irritere"
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"word": "plage"
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"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "irken",
"4": "",
"5": "to tire, grow weary"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "yrkja",
"4": "",
"5": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse yrkja (“to work”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wurkijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "yrkja",
"3": "",
"4": "to compose"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic yrkja (“to compose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "yrka",
"3": "",
"4": "to urge, argue"
},
"expansion": "Swedish yrka (“to urge, argue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wyrċan",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrċan (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "work"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of work",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”), from Old Norse yrkja (“to work”), from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”). Cognate with Icelandic yrkja (“to compose”), Swedish yrka (“to urge, argue”), Old English wyrċan (“to work”). Doublet of work.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "irking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "irked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "irk (third-person singular simple present irks, present participle irking, simple past and past participle irked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"text": "It irks me doing all this work and have someone wreck it.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
84,
87
]
],
"ref": "1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Let no man pray to Māna-Yood-Sushāī, for who shall trouble Māna with mortal woes or irk him with the sorrows of all the houses of Earth?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to irritate; annoy; bother"
],
"links": [
[
"irritate",
"irritate"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"bother",
"bother"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to irritate; annoy; bother"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-irk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-irk.ogg/En-us-irk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-irk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "bezpokoja",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "безпокоя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "smuštavam",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "смущавам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dosaždam",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "досаждам"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "veksya"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rozčilovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "štvát"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "dopalovat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "ärsyttää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "agacer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "irriter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "ärgern"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "bosszant"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "infastidire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "irritare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "seccare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "piget"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "taedet"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "hakirara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "whakahōhā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "whakakūrakuraku"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "rangirangi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "whakatōwenewene"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "irritere"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "plage"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "drażnić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "aborrecer"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "razdražátʹ",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "раздража́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "fastidiar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "molestar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to irritate; annoy; bother",
"word": "irritar"
}
],
"word": "irk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "irken",
"4": "",
"5": "to tire, grow weary",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "irken",
"4": "",
"5": "to tire, grow weary"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "yrkja",
"4": "",
"5": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse yrkja (“to work”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wurkijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "yrkja",
"3": "",
"4": "to compose"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic yrkja (“to compose”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "yrka",
"3": "",
"4": "to urge, argue"
},
"expansion": "Swedish yrka (“to urge, argue”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wyrċan",
"3": "",
"4": "to work"
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrċan (“to work”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "work"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of work",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English irken (“to tire, grow weary”), from Old Norse yrkja (“to work”), from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną (“to work”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to work”). Cognate with Icelandic yrkja (“to compose”), Swedish yrka (“to urge, argue”), Old English wyrċan (“to work”). Doublet of work.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "irk (plural irks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2022, Philipp Hennig, Michael A. Osborne, Hans P. Kersting, Probabilistic Numerics (page 13)",
"text": "The trade-off between computation cost and precision results in tuning parameters […] being exposed to the user, a major irk to practitioners of data science."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An annoyance."
],
"links": [
[
"annoyance",
"annoyance"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-irk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ca/En-us-irk.ogg/En-us-irk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/En-us-irk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
}
],
"word": "irk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "irk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"Manx non-lemma forms",
"Manx noun forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ark"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of ark"
],
"links": [
[
"ark",
"ark#Manx"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "irk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Latn",
"name": "mul-symbol/script"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"10": "",
"2": "symbol",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "or",
"8": "",
"9": "or",
"cat2": "",
"f1lang": "en",
"f1nolink": "",
"f2lang": "en",
"f2nolink": "",
"f3lang": "en",
"f3nolink": "",
"f4lang": "en",
"f4nolink": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"image": "",
"nolinkhead": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "irk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "irk",
"name": "mul-symbol"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Iraqw terms"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ISO 639-3",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"ISO 639-3 language code for Iraqw."
],
"links": [
[
"language code",
"language code"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Iraqw."
]
}
],
"word": "irk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for irk meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.