See gurdus on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gurdōnicus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "gordu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: gordu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: gordu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gord"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gord",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gord"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gourd"
},
"expansion": "French: gourd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gourd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "gordo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: gordo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: gordo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gourd"
},
"expansion": "Norman: gourd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: gourd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gordo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gordo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gordo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gordo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: gordo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: gordo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷordos",
"t": "stubborn, heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷordos (“stubborn, heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷr̥dus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥dus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xib",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Iberian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gurdùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gurdùs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gur̃ds",
"t": "tired"
},
"expansion": "Latvian gur̃ds (“tired”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъ̑rdъ",
"t": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gъ̑rdъ (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βραδύς",
"t": "slow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *gʷordos (“stubborn, heavy”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥dus, *gʷrd-o- (“slow, heavy, tired”), though de Vaan acknowledges that the root is an o-stem instead of a u-stem. Quintilian called it a Spanish (possibly Iberian) word. Compare Lithuanian gurdùs, Latvian gur̃ds (“tired”), Proto-Slavic *gъ̑rdъ (“proud”), Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gurdī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gurdus<2>"
},
"expansion": "gurdus m (genitive gurdī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "derogatory"
},
"expansion": "(derogatory)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gurdus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And in (Laberius') The Forgetful Man: This is that dolt (gurdus) who, when two months ago from Africa I came, did meet me here, as I did say.",
"ref": "c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 16.7.8",
"text": "Item in Cacomnemone: Hic est (inquit) ille gurdus, quem ego me abhinc menses duos ex Africa venientem excepisse tibi narravi."
},
{
"english": "While I have heard that gurdus, which is colloquially used in the sense of “stupid,” is derived from Spain.",
"ref": "c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.5.57",
"text": "Et gurdos, quos pro stolidis accipit vulgus, ex Hispania duxisse originem audivi."
}
],
"glosses": [
"dolt, numbskull, blockhead, dullard"
],
"id": "en-gurdus-la-noun-RY5MSjpB",
"links": [
[
"dolt",
"dolt"
],
[
"numbskull",
"numbskull"
],
[
"blockhead",
"blockhead"
],
[
"dullard",
"dullard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "homo stultus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"derogatory",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "People",
"orig": "la:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oaf, lout"
],
"id": "en-gurdus-la-noun-IKpK7dyq",
"links": [
[
"oaf",
"oaf#English"
],
[
"lout",
"lout#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"derogatory",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡur.dus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡʊrd̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡur.dus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡurd̪us]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "caudex"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Quintilian"
],
"word": "gurdus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin derogatory terms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Iberian",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gurdōnicus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "gordu"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: gordu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: gordu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "gord"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: gord",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: gord"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gourd"
},
"expansion": "French: gourd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gourd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "gordo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: gordo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: gordo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gourd"
},
"expansion": "Norman: gourd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: gourd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gordo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: gordo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: gordo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gordo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: gordo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: gordo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷordos",
"t": "stubborn, heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷordos (“stubborn, heavy”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷr̥dus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥dus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "xib",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Iberian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gurdùs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gurdùs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gur̃ds",
"t": "tired"
},
"expansion": "Latvian gur̃ds (“tired”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъ̑rdъ",
"t": "proud"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gъ̑rdъ (“proud”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βραδύς",
"t": "slow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *gʷordos (“stubborn, heavy”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷr̥dus, *gʷrd-o- (“slow, heavy, tired”), though de Vaan acknowledges that the root is an o-stem instead of a u-stem. Quintilian called it a Spanish (possibly Iberian) word. Compare Lithuanian gurdùs, Latvian gur̃ds (“tired”), Proto-Slavic *gъ̑rdъ (“proud”), Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradús, “slow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gurdī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gurde",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gurdī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gurdus<2>"
},
"expansion": "gurdus m (genitive gurdī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "derogatory"
},
"expansion": "(derogatory)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gurdus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "And in (Laberius') The Forgetful Man: This is that dolt (gurdus) who, when two months ago from Africa I came, did meet me here, as I did say.",
"ref": "c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 16.7.8",
"text": "Item in Cacomnemone: Hic est (inquit) ille gurdus, quem ego me abhinc menses duos ex Africa venientem excepisse tibi narravi."
},
{
"english": "While I have heard that gurdus, which is colloquially used in the sense of “stupid,” is derived from Spain.",
"ref": "c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.5.57",
"text": "Et gurdos, quos pro stolidis accipit vulgus, ex Hispania duxisse originem audivi."
}
],
"glosses": [
"dolt, numbskull, blockhead, dullard"
],
"links": [
[
"dolt",
"dolt"
],
[
"numbskull",
"numbskull"
],
[
"blockhead",
"blockhead"
],
[
"dullard",
"dullard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "homo stultus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"derogatory",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"oaf, lout"
],
"links": [
[
"oaf",
"oaf#English"
],
[
"lout",
"lout#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"derogatory",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡur.dus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡʊrd̪ʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡur.dus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡurd̪us]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "caudex"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Quintilian"
],
"word": "gurdus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gurdus meaning in All languages combined (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "linkages/371",
"msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (dolt, jolterhead, numskull, blockhead, oaf, dullard, lout): caudex desc=dolt, jolterhead, numskull, blockhead, oaf, dullard, lout rest=caudex cls=romanization cls2=romanization e1=False e2=True",
"path": [
"gurdus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gurdus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.