See guile on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for guile meaning in All languages combined (17.5kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "guile",
"4": "",
"5": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Old French guile (“deception”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*wigila",
"t": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *wigila (“ruse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wīlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wīlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wile",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "wile",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gile, from Anglo-Norman gile, from Old French guile (“deception”), from Frankish *wigila (“ruse”), from Proto-Germanic *wīlą, from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate via Proto-Germanic with wile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "guile (countable and uncountable, plural guiles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"guile"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 April 24, Phil Dawkes, “Barcelona 2-2 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "It was a result that owed a lot to a moment of guile from Ramires but more to a display of guts from the Brazilian and his team-mates after Terry's needless dismissal eight minutes before half-time for driving a knee into the back of Alexis Sanchez off the ball.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 November 11, Rory Houston, “Estonia 0-4 Republic of Ireland”, in RTE Sport",
"text": "Estonia were struggling to get to grips with the game while Ireland were showing a composure and guile that demonstrated their experience in play-off ties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Astuteness often marked by a certain sense of cunning or artful deception."
],
"id": "en-guile-en-noun-pj-dannD",
"links": [
[
"Astuteness",
"astuteness"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"artful",
"artful"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Astuteness often marked by a certain sense of cunning or artful deception."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hitrost",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хитрост"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astúcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "詭計"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guǐjì",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "诡计"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "slinksheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "valsheid"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "bedrog"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "juonikkuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "kavaluus"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "oveluus"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruse"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fourberie"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gerissenheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hinterhältigkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "vélabrögð"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kænska"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slægð"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "astutia"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meang"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "astuzia"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inganno"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frode"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "rauhanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "przebiegłość"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astúcia"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xítrostʹ",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́трость"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kovárstvo",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кова́рство"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astucia"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "list"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 55 3 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty."
],
"id": "en-guile-en-noun-9QeEj8db",
"links": [
[
"Deceptiveness",
"deceptiveness"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"duplicity",
"duplicity"
],
[
"dishonesty",
"dishonesty"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kovarstvo",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "коварство"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engany"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záludnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lstivost"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "úskočnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "misleiding"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "vilppi"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "petkutus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hinterlist"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Täuschung"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dolus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "māminga"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "whakaware"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "hīanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "compassement"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "compassyng"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obman",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "обман"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "verolomstvo",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "вероломство"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trampa"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engaño"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-guile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "guile",
"4": "",
"5": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Old French guile (“deception”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*wigila",
"t": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *wigila (“ruse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wīlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wīlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wile",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "wile",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gile, from Anglo-Norman gile, from Old French guile (“deception”), from Frankish *wigila (“ruse”), from Proto-Germanic *wīlą, from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate via Proto-Germanic with wile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "guiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "guiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "guiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "guile (third-person singular simple present guiles, present participle guiling, simple past and past participle guiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"guile"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "beguile"
},
{
"word": "guileful"
},
{
"word": "guileless"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deceive, beguile, bewile."
],
"id": "en-guile-en-verb-k-ALhQkD",
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"beguile",
"beguile"
],
[
"bewile",
"bewile"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "wile"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mamja",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "мамя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hitruvam",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "хитрувам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "enganyar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺騙"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīpiàn",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺骗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺瞞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīmán",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺瞒"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "juonia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "juonitella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "viekastella"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "tromper"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "entourlouper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "irreleiten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "irreführen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "véla"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "tæla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "ingannare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "turlupinare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "whakaware"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "hīanga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmányvatʹ",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обма́нывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmanútʹ",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обману́ть"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-guile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Variant forms.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "guile",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gold"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of gold."
],
"id": "en-guile-en-noun-tZw3l1KM",
"links": [
[
"gold",
"gold#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gyle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gyle"
],
"id": "en-guile-en-noun-OZbOqUUe",
"links": [
[
"gyle",
"gyle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guile"
},
"expansion": "English: guile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: guile"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*wigila"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *wigila",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wīlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wīlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Frankish *wigila, from Proto-Germanic *wīlą, from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guile oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guile",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "guile oblique singular, f (oblique plural guiles, nominative singular guile, nominative plural guiles)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he hid himself using this deception",
"ref": "c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès",
"text": "si se çoile par itel guile",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "You know very well how to use trickery",
"ref": "c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence li miracles que nostre Dame fist dou soucretain et d'une dame",
"text": "Moult saveiz bien servir de guile.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trickery; deception"
],
"id": "en-guile-fro-noun--jrw1RGJ",
"links": [
[
"trickery",
"trickery"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
]
]
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "guile",
"4": "",
"5": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Old French guile (“deception”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*wigila",
"t": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *wigila (“ruse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wīlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wīlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wile",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "wile",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gile, from Anglo-Norman gile, from Old French guile (“deception”), from Frankish *wigila (“ruse”), from Proto-Germanic *wīlą, from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate via Proto-Germanic with wile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "guile (countable and uncountable, plural guiles)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"guile"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012 April 24, Phil Dawkes, “Barcelona 2-2 Chelsea”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "It was a result that owed a lot to a moment of guile from Ramires but more to a display of guts from the Brazilian and his team-mates after Terry's needless dismissal eight minutes before half-time for driving a knee into the back of Alexis Sanchez off the ball.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 November 11, Rory Houston, “Estonia 0-4 Republic of Ireland”, in RTE Sport",
"text": "Estonia were struggling to get to grips with the game while Ireland were showing a composure and guile that demonstrated their experience in play-off ties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Astuteness often marked by a certain sense of cunning or artful deception."
],
"links": [
[
"Astuteness",
"astuteness"
],
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"artful",
"artful"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Astuteness often marked by a certain sense of cunning or artful deception."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty."
],
"links": [
[
"Deceptiveness",
"deceptiveness"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
],
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"duplicity",
"duplicity"
],
[
"dishonesty",
"dishonesty"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-guile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hitrost",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хитрост"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astúcia"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "詭計"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guǐjì",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "诡计"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "slinksheid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "valsheid"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "bedrog"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "juonikkuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "kavaluus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "oveluus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ruse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fourberie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gerissenheit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hinterhältigkeit"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "vélabrögð"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kænska"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slægð"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "astutia"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meang"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "astuzia"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "inganno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "frode"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"word": "rauhanga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "przebiegłość"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astúcia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xítrostʹ",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хи́трость"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kovárstvo",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кова́рство"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "astucia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "astuteness, cunning",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "list"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kovarstvo",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "коварство"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engany"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "záludnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lstivost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "úskočnost"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "misleiding"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "vilppi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "petkutus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "harhautus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hinterlist"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Täuschung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Betrug"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dolus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "māminga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "whakaware"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "hīanga"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "compassement"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "compassyng"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obman",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "обман"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "verolomstvo",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"word": "вероломство"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trampa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "deceptiveness, deceit, fraud, duplicity, dishonesty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "engaño"
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪl/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beguile"
},
{
"word": "guileful"
},
{
"word": "guileless"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gile",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "gile"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman gile",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "guile",
"4": "",
"5": "deception"
},
"expansion": "Old French guile (“deception”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*wigila",
"t": "ruse"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *wigila (“ruse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wīlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wīlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wile",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "wile",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gile, from Anglo-Norman gile, from Old French guile (“deception”), from Frankish *wigila (“ruse”), from Proto-Germanic *wīlą, from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate via Proto-Germanic with wile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "guiling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "guiled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "guiled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "guile (third-person singular simple present guiles, present participle guiling, simple past and past participle guiled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"guile"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "wile"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To deceive, beguile, bewile."
],
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"beguile",
"beguile"
],
[
"bewile",
"bewile"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaɪl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-guile.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-guile.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mamja",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "мамя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hitruvam",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "хитрувам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "enganyar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺騙"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīpiàn",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺骗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺瞞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qīmán",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "欺瞒"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "juonia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "juonitella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "viekastella"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "tromper"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "entourlouper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "irreleiten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "irreführen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "véla"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "tæla"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "ingannare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "turlupinare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "whakaware"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"word": "hīanga"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmányvatʹ",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обма́нывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obmanútʹ",
"sense": "to deceive, to beguile",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обману́ть"
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Variant forms.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "guile",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gold"
}
],
"categories": [
"English obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of gold."
],
"links": [
[
"gold",
"gold#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "gyle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of gyle"
],
"links": [
[
"gyle",
"gyle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "guile"
},
"expansion": "English: guile",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: guile"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*wigila"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *wigila",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wīlą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wīlą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wey-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Frankish *wigila, from Proto-Germanic *wīlą, from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "guile oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guile",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guiles",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "guile oblique singular, f (oblique plural guiles, nominative singular guile, nominative plural guiles)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he hid himself using this deception",
"ref": "c. 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès",
"text": "si se çoile par itel guile",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "You know very well how to use trickery",
"ref": "c. 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence li miracles que nostre Dame fist dou soucretain et d'une dame",
"text": "Moult saveiz bien servir de guile.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trickery; deception"
],
"links": [
[
"trickery",
"trickery"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
]
]
}
],
"word": "guile"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'guile oblique singular or', originally 'guile oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"guile"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "guile",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'guile oblique singular or', originally 'guile oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"guile"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "guile",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'guile oblique singular or' in 'guile oblique singular, f (oblique plural guiles, nominative singular guile, nominative plural guiles)'",
"path": [
"guile"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "guile",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.