See grum on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grumly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grumness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grom"
},
"expansion": "Old English grom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gramaz",
"4": "",
"5": "angry, bearing a grudge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gramaz (“angry, bearing a grudge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to thunder, rub, tear, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder, rub, tear, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grum",
"3": "",
"4": "cruel, atrocious, fell"
},
"expansion": "Danish grum (“cruel, atrocious, fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grym",
"3": "",
"4": "cruel, furious, terrible"
},
"expansion": "Swedish grym (“cruel, furious, terrible”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grom, from Old English grom, gram (“angry, wrathful”), from Proto-Germanic *gramaz (“angry, bearing a grudge”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder, rub, tear, scratch”). Probably influenced in form by glum. Compare also Danish grum (“cruel, atrocious, fell”), Swedish grym (“cruel, furious, terrible”). See also grim, gram, grump.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grummer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "grummest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "grum (comparative grummer, superlative grummest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1836, Joanna Baillie, The Stripling, act 2:",
"text": "Look not so grum at me; there is something to make thee more cheerful. (Offering him money with one hand, while he receives the bag with the other.)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the \"Stranger Poeple's\" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 58:",
"text": "She cast a speculative look upon her husband, silent and grum as if he had been thus gruffly carved out of wood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Morose, stern, surly, sullen."
],
"id": "en-grum-en-adj-lrnFlLAG",
"links": [
[
"Morose",
"morose#English"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"surly",
"surly"
],
[
"sullen",
"sullen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 6 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 5 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a grum voice"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Low, deep in the throat; guttural"
],
"id": "en-grum-en-adj-y-OjknxS",
"links": [
[
"Low",
"low"
],
[
"guttural",
"guttural"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "glum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sour"
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "en",
"3": "groom"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English groom",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English groom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "grum m (plural grums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 11 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "ca:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bellhop"
],
"id": "en-grum-ca-noun-COiI0hMX",
"links": [
[
"bellhop",
"bellhop"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mosso d'equipatge"
},
{
"word": "mosso de pista"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "agrumar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grumejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grumoll"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "small heap",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin grūmus (“small heap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "small heap"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin grūmus (“small heap”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin grūmus (“small heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "grum m (plural grums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 43 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beeswax bleached white from exposure to sunlight"
],
"id": "en-grum-ca-noun-K1PUEWny",
"links": [
[
"beeswax",
"beeswax"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cera de grum"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 32 57",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Beekeeping",
"orig": "ca:Beekeeping",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lump"
],
"id": "en-grum-ca-noun-DzmRphJ~",
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grumoll"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "grumus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin grumus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "grumus"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin grumus",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gar-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin grumus, from Proto-Indo-European *gar-, *ger- (“to tie, bind together”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grumuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "grumuri"
},
"expansion": "grum n (plural grumuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pile, bundle, heap"
],
"id": "en-grum-ro-noun-vjBngTQ-",
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) pile, bundle, heap"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "grumaz"
},
{
"word": "grumura"
},
{
"word": "sugruma"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grămadă"
},
{
"word": "teanc"
},
{
"word": "stivă"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms borrowed from English",
"Catalan terms derived from English",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um/1 syllable",
"ca:Beekeeping",
"ca:Occupations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "en",
"3": "groom"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English groom",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English groom.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "grum m (plural grums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bellhop"
],
"links": [
[
"bellhop",
"bellhop"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mosso d'equipatge"
},
{
"word": "mosso de pista"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um",
"Rhymes:Catalan/um/1 syllable",
"ca:Beekeeping",
"ca:Occupations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agrumar"
},
{
"word": "grumejar"
},
{
"word": "grumoll"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "small heap",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin grūmus (“small heap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "grūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "small heap"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin grūmus (“small heap”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin grūmus (“small heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "grum m (plural grums)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beeswax bleached white from exposure to sunlight"
],
"links": [
[
"beeswax",
"beeswax"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cera de grum"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lump"
],
"links": [
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grumoll"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡɾum]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grumly"
},
{
"word": "grumness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "grom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English grom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grom"
},
"expansion": "Old English grom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gramaz",
"4": "",
"5": "angry, bearing a grudge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gramaz (“angry, bearing a grudge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰrem-",
"4": "",
"5": "to thunder, rub, tear, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder, rub, tear, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "grum",
"3": "",
"4": "cruel, atrocious, fell"
},
"expansion": "Danish grum (“cruel, atrocious, fell”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "grym",
"3": "",
"4": "cruel, furious, terrible"
},
"expansion": "Swedish grym (“cruel, furious, terrible”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English grom, from Old English grom, gram (“angry, wrathful”), from Proto-Germanic *gramaz (“angry, bearing a grudge”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem- (“to thunder, rub, tear, scratch”). Probably influenced in form by glum. Compare also Danish grum (“cruel, atrocious, fell”), Swedish grym (“cruel, furious, terrible”). See also grim, gram, grump.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grummer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "grummest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "grum (comparative grummer, superlative grummest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1836, Joanna Baillie, The Stripling, act 2:",
"text": "Look not so grum at me; there is something to make thee more cheerful. (Offering him money with one hand, while he receives the bag with the other.)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the \"Stranger Poeple's\" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 58:",
"text": "She cast a speculative look upon her husband, silent and grum as if he had been thus gruffly carved out of wood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Morose, stern, surly, sullen."
],
"links": [
[
"Morose",
"morose#English"
],
[
"stern",
"stern"
],
[
"surly",
"surly"
],
[
"sullen",
"sullen"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a grum voice"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Low, deep in the throat; guttural"
],
"links": [
[
"Low",
"low"
],
[
"guttural",
"guttural"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "glum"
},
{
"word": "grim"
},
{
"word": "sour"
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "grumus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin grumus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "grumus"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin grumus",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gar-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin grumus, from Proto-Indo-European *gar-, *ger- (“to tie, bind together”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grumuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "grumuri"
},
"expansion": "grum n (plural grumuri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "grumaz"
},
{
"word": "grumura"
},
{
"word": "sugruma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"pile, bundle, heap"
],
"links": [
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) pile, bundle, heap"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grămadă"
},
{
"word": "teanc"
},
{
"word": "stivă"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "grum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grum meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.