See grug on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*gwrʉg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wroikos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wroikos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vřes"
},
"expansion": "Czech vřes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "virsis",
"3": "vìrsis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vìrsis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρείκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg, from Proto-Celtic *wroikos, from an unknown non-Indo-European source.\nCompare Czech vřes, Latvian vìrsis, Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grugow",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gruglon",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kw-mut-cons",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"unmutated"
]
},
{
"form": "wrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "krug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "hwrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-mixed"
]
},
{
"form": "wrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"after-th",
"mutation",
"mutation-mixed"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "grugow",
"5": "singulative",
"6": "gruglon",
"g": "m",
"g2": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "grug m or m pl (plural grugow, singulative gruglon)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gru",
"2": "g"
},
"name": "kw-mut-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cornish pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "kw",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "kw:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "68 1 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 1 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grugyar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heather"
],
"id": "en-grug-kw-noun-oLfCRfqz",
"links": [
[
"heather",
"heather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡryːɡ]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Middle-Cornish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡriːɡ]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Late-Cornish"
]
}
],
"word": "grug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "gwrug"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gwrug",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*gwrʉg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wroikos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wroikos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vřes"
},
"expansion": "Czech vřes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "virsis",
"3": "vìrsis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vìrsis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρείκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh gwrug, from Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg, from Proto-Celtic *wroikos, from an unknown non-Indo-European source.\nCompare Czech vřes, Latvian vìrsis, Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grugoedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grugyn",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "grugen",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "grugoedd",
"5": "singulative",
"6": "grugyn",
"7": "or",
"8": "grugen",
"g": "m",
"g2": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "grug m or m pl (plural grugoedd, singulative grugyn or grugen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh pluralia tantum",
"parents": [
"Pluralia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Heather family plants",
"orig": "cy:Heather family plants",
"parents": [
"Ericales order plants",
"Plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gruga"
},
{
"english": "to gather heather",
"word": "grugo"
},
{
"word": "grugog"
},
{
"english": "grouse",
"word": "grugiar"
},
{
"word": "grugle"
},
{
"english": "heath, moor",
"word": "grugos"
},
{
"english": "bilberries",
"word": "gruglus"
},
{
"english": "sweet broom",
"word": "gruglwyn"
},
{
"english": "heathery",
"word": "gruglyd"
},
{
"english": "to nestle in heather",
"word": "grugnythu"
},
{
"english": "cocksfoot",
"word": "grugwellt"
},
{
"english": "grouse",
"word": "iâr rug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heather"
],
"id": "en-grug-cy-noun-oLfCRfqz",
"links": [
[
"heather",
"heather#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "gwrug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Pembrokeshire"
],
"word": "gwrig"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"word": "grug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "grug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crug"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "hillock",
"word": "crug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of crug (“hillock”)."
],
"id": "en-grug-cy-noun-TNFw~CQQ",
"links": [
[
"crug",
"crug#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"word": "grug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"cy:Heather family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grugyar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*gwrʉg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wroikos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wroikos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vřes"
},
"expansion": "Czech vřes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "virsis",
"3": "vìrsis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vìrsis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρείκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg, from Proto-Celtic *wroikos, from an unknown non-Indo-European source.\nCompare Czech vřes, Latvian vìrsis, Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grugow",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gruglon",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kw-mut-cons",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"unmutated"
]
},
{
"form": "wrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "krug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "hwrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-mixed"
]
},
{
"form": "wrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"after-th",
"mutation",
"mutation-mixed"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "grugow",
"5": "singulative",
"6": "gruglon",
"g": "m",
"g2": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "grug m or m pl (plural grugow, singulative gruglon)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gru",
"2": "g"
},
"name": "kw-mut-cons"
}
],
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cornish entries with incorrect language header",
"Cornish lemmas",
"Cornish masculine nouns",
"Cornish nouns",
"Cornish pluralia tantum",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Cornish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Cornish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"kw:Plants"
],
"glosses": [
"heather"
],
"links": [
[
"heather",
"heather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɡryːɡ]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Middle-Cornish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡriːɡ]",
"tags": [
"Revived-Late-Cornish"
]
}
],
"word": "grug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ/1 syllable",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh pluralia tantum",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"cy:Heather family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gruga"
},
{
"english": "to gather heather",
"word": "grugo"
},
{
"word": "grugog"
},
{
"english": "grouse",
"word": "grugiar"
},
{
"word": "grugle"
},
{
"english": "heath, moor",
"word": "grugos"
},
{
"english": "bilberries",
"word": "gruglus"
},
{
"english": "sweet broom",
"word": "gruglwyn"
},
{
"english": "heathery",
"word": "gruglyd"
},
{
"english": "to nestle in heather",
"word": "grugnythu"
},
{
"english": "cocksfoot",
"word": "grugwellt"
},
{
"english": "grouse",
"word": "iâr rug"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "gwrug"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh gwrug",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*gwrʉg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wroikos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wroikos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vřes"
},
"expansion": "Czech vřes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "virsis",
"3": "vìrsis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vìrsis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρείκη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh gwrug, from Proto-Brythonic *gwrʉg, from Proto-Celtic *wroikos, from an unknown non-Indo-European source.\nCompare Czech vřes, Latvian vìrsis, Ancient Greek ἐρείκη (ereíkē).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grugoedd",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grugyn",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "grugen",
"tags": [
"singulative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "ngrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "grugoedd",
"5": "singulative",
"6": "grugyn",
"7": "or",
"8": "grugen",
"g": "m",
"g2": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "grug m or m pl (plural grugoedd, singulative grugyn or grugen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"heather"
],
"links": [
[
"heather",
"heather#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "gwrug"
},
{
"tags": [
"Pembrokeshire"
],
"word": "gwrig"
}
],
"word": "grug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ/1 syllable",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"cy:Heather family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "grug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crug"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "hillock",
"word": "crug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of crug (“hillock”)."
],
"links": [
[
"crug",
"crug#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡrɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"word": "grug"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grug meaning in All languages combined (7.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: grug/Cornish 'hard' base_tags={'mutation-soft', 'mutation-aspirate', 'unmutated', 'mutation'}",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Cornish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: rug, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: ngrug, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: crug, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: nghrug, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: chrug, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"grug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "grug",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.