See crug on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "crug (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1820-23, Charles Lamb, Essays of Elia\nHe had his tea and hot rolls in a morning, while we were battening upon our quarter-of-a-penny loaf — our crug — moistened with attenuated small beer, in wooden piggings, smacking of the pitched leathern jack it was poured from."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bread."
],
"id": "en-crug-en-noun-fx0WdVTj",
"links": [
[
"Bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) Bread."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "круг"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian круг (krug)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "crâng"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crâng",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "cruguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
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{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
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},
{
"form": "crugul",
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crugului",
"source": "declension",
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"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "crug n (plural cruguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "crugurilor",
"gpi": "cruguri",
"gsd": "crugului",
"gsi": "crug",
"n": "",
"npd": "crugurile",
"npi": "cruguri",
"nsd": "crugul",
"nsi": "crug",
"vp": "crugurilor",
"vs": "crugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"orbit"
],
"id": "en-crug-ro-noun-T6GhOsRo",
"links": [
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) orbit"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruɡ/"
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cruc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*krowkos",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewH-",
"t": "to heap up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hraukaz",
"t": "heap"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"t": "heap"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crúach",
"t": "stack; mountain, hill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh cruc, from Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”). Cognate with Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crugiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugyn",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "crugen",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crugiau",
"dim": "crugyn",
"dim2": "crugen"
},
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"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 15 33 3 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hillock, knoll"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-4Q6cAGZG",
"links": [
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
],
[
"knoll",
"knoll"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bryncyn"
},
{
"word": "twmpath"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 15 33 3 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tumulus, barrow"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-9h3BbBtj",
"links": [
[
"tumulus",
"tumulus"
],
[
"barrow",
"barrow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carnedd"
},
{
"word": "tomen"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-EDo2DyhR",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pentwr"
},
{
"word": "twr"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-6rGlE7QZ",
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lliaws"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 15 33 3 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abscess, boil, blister"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-1RiUPnkv",
"links": [
[
"abscess",
"abscess"
],
[
"boil",
"boil"
],
[
"blister",
"blister"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cornwyd"
},
{
"word": "ploryn"
},
{
"word": "pothell"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cryg (“hoarse, stammering”)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "crug (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
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"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1820-23, Charles Lamb, Essays of Elia\nHe had his tea and hot rolls in a morning, while we were battening upon our quarter-of-a-penny loaf — our crug — moistened with attenuated small beer, in wooden piggings, smacking of the pitched leathern jack it was poured from."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bread."
],
"links": [
[
"Bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) Bread."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "круг"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian круг (krug)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "crâng"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crâng",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian круг (krug). Doublet of crâng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crugul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crugului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "crug n (plural cruguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "crugurilor",
"gpi": "cruguri",
"gsd": "crugului",
"gsi": "crug",
"n": "",
"npd": "crugurile",
"npi": "cruguri",
"nsd": "crugul",
"nsi": "crug",
"vp": "crugurilor",
"vs": "crugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian dated terms",
"Romanian doublets",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Romanian terms derived from Russian"
],
"glosses": [
"orbit"
],
"links": [
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) orbit"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruɡ/"
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ/1 syllable",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms with homophones"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cruc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*krowkos",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewH-",
"t": "to heap up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hraukaz",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kruvà",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crúach",
"t": "stack; mountain, hill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh cruc, from Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”). Cognate with Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crugiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugyn",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "crugen",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crugiau",
"dim": "crugyn",
"dim2": "crugen"
},
"expansion": "crug m (plural crugiau, diminutive crugyn or crugen)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hillock, knoll"
],
"links": [
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
],
[
"knoll",
"knoll"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bryncyn"
},
{
"word": "twmpath"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tumulus, barrow"
],
"links": [
[
"tumulus",
"tumulus"
],
[
"barrow",
"barrow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carnedd"
},
{
"word": "tomen"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heap"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pentwr"
},
{
"word": "twr"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lliaws"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abscess, boil, blister"
],
"links": [
[
"abscess",
"abscess"
],
[
"boil",
"boil"
],
[
"blister",
"blister"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cornwyd"
},
{
"word": "ploryn"
},
{
"word": "pothell"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cryg (“hoarse, stammering”)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "crug"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crug meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"crug"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: crug/Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"crug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: crug/Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"crug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: crug/Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"crug"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "crug",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.