See crug on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for crug meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "crug (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1820-23, Charles Lamb, Essays of Elia\nHe had his tea and hot rolls in a morning, while we were battening upon our quarter-of-a-penny loaf — our crug — moistened with attenuated small beer, in wooden piggings, smacking of the pitched leathern jack it was poured from."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bread."
],
"id": "en-crug-en-noun-fx0WdVTj",
"links": [
[
"Bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) Bread."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "круг",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian круг (krug)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "круг"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian круг (krug)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "crâng"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crâng",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian круг (krug). Doublet of crâng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crugul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crugului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "crug n (plural cruguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "crugurilor",
"gpi": "cruguri",
"gsd": "crugului",
"gsi": "crug",
"n": "",
"npd": "crugurile",
"npi": "cruguri",
"nsd": "crugul",
"nsi": "crug",
"vp": "crugurilor",
"vs": "crugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"orbit"
],
"id": "en-crug-ro-noun-T6GhOsRo",
"links": [
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) orbit"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruɡ/"
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "diminutive form",
"word": "crugen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "diminutive form",
"word": "crugyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cruc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*krowkos",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewH-",
"t": "to heap up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hraukaz",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kruvà",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crúach",
"t": "stack; mountain, hill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh cruc, from Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”). Cognate with Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crugiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crugiau"
},
"expansion": "crug m (plural crugiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 41 13 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hillock, knoll"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-4Q6cAGZG",
"links": [
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
],
[
"knoll",
"knoll"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bryncyn"
},
{
"word": "twmpath"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 41 13 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tumulus, barrow"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-9h3BbBtj",
"links": [
[
"tumulus",
"tumulus"
],
[
"barrow",
"barrow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carnedd"
},
{
"word": "tomen"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 41 13 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-EDo2DyhR",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pentwr"
},
{
"word": "twr"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-6rGlE7QZ",
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lliaws"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abscess, boil, blister"
],
"id": "en-crug-cy-noun-1RiUPnkv",
"links": [
[
"abscess",
"abscess"
],
[
"boil",
"boil"
],
[
"blister",
"blister"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cornwyd"
},
{
"word": "ploryn"
},
{
"word": "pothell"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cryg (“hoarse, stammering”)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "crug (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1820-23, Charles Lamb, Essays of Elia\nHe had his tea and hot rolls in a morning, while we were battening upon our quarter-of-a-penny loaf — our crug — moistened with attenuated small beer, in wooden piggings, smacking of the pitched leathern jack it was poured from."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bread."
],
"links": [
[
"Bread",
"bread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, obsolete) Bread."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "круг",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian круг (krug)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "круг"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian круг (krug)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "crâng"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of crâng",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian круг (krug). Doublet of crâng.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cruguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crugul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui crug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crugului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor cruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "crugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "crug n (plural cruguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "crugurilor",
"gpi": "cruguri",
"gsd": "crugului",
"gsi": "crug",
"n": "",
"npd": "crugurile",
"npi": "cruguri",
"nsd": "crugul",
"nsi": "crug",
"vp": "crugurilor",
"vs": "crugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian dated terms",
"Romanian doublets",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Romanian terms derived from Russian",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"orbit"
],
"links": [
[
"orbit",
"orbit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) orbit"
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruɡ/"
}
],
"word": "crug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ",
"Rhymes:Welsh/ɨːɡ/1 syllable",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms inherited from Old Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Welsh terms with homophones"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "diminutive form",
"word": "crugen"
},
{
"english": "diminutive form",
"word": "crugyn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "owl",
"3": "cruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh cruc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*krowkos",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krewH-",
"t": "to heap up"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hraukaz",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kruvà",
"t": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "crúach",
"t": "stack; mountain, hill"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh cruc, from Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”). Cognate with Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crugiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "grug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chrug",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crugiau"
},
"expansion": "crug m (plural crugiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hillock, knoll"
],
"links": [
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
],
[
"knoll",
"knoll"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bryncyn"
},
{
"word": "twmpath"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tumulus, barrow"
],
"links": [
[
"tumulus",
"tumulus"
],
[
"barrow",
"barrow"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carnedd"
},
{
"word": "tomen"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heap"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pentwr"
},
{
"word": "twr"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"multitude"
],
"links": [
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lliaws"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"abscess, boil, blister"
],
"links": [
[
"abscess",
"abscess"
],
[
"boil",
"boil"
],
[
"blister",
"blister"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cornwyd"
},
{
"word": "ploryn"
},
{
"word": "pothell"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɨːɡ/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kriːɡ/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
},
{
"homophone": "cryg (“hoarse, stammering”)"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨːɡ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "crug"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.