See fouler on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fouler meaning in All languages combined (15.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "foul + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foulers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler (plural foulers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Saleem Mustafa, Rossita Shapawi, Aquaculture Ecosystems: Adaptability and Sustainability, page 119",
"text": "For example, several species of hydroids and bryozoans are important foulers of salmon cages in Australia (Hodson et al., 2000) and Norway (Guenther et al., 2010).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who fouls."
],
"id": "en-fouler-en-noun-DjmhKNH0",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "foul + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "more foul",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative form of foul: more foul"
],
"id": "en-fouler-en-adj-nc-ClpCG",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foule"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fouller",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*fullāre",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "fuller"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“fuller”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”), from Latin fullō (“fuller”). More at full.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fouler",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "foulant",
"ipa": "/fu.lɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulé",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulait",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulaient",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulai",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulas",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foula",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâmes",
"ipa": "/fu.lam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâtes",
"ipa": "/fu.lat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulèrent",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerai",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleras",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulera",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerons",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerez",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleront",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerait",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerions",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleriez",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleraient",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasse",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasses",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulât",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassions",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassiez",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassent",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-qfGyTn28",
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
],
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-ALXvmJoV",
"links": [
[
"walk",
"walk"
],
[
"tread",
"tread"
],
[
"trample",
"trample"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fouler aux pieds",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-JeIbXnuZ",
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"mistreat",
"mistreat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 10 24 36 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 10 23 30 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-zvFqVC0P",
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"dint",
"dint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I sprained my ankle playing rugby.",
"text": "Je me suis foulé la cheville en jouant au rugby",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sprain"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-5lKMuezd",
"links": [
[
"sprain",
"sprain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to sprain"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French negative polarity items",
"parents": [
"Negative polarity items",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 14 20 15 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -er",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ne pas se fouler ― not to overdo it",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"id": "en-fouler-fr-verb-GdDQklX1",
"links": [
[
"wear oneself out",
"wear out"
],
[
"overdo",
"overdo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(takes a reflexive pronoun, chiefly in the negative, colloquial) to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative",
"takes a reflexive pronoun"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fu.le/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-e"
},
{
"homophone": "foulai"
},
{
"homophone": "foulé"
},
{
"homophone": "foulée"
},
{
"homophone": "foulées"
},
{
"homophone": "foulés"
},
{
"homophone": "foulez"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English comparative adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "foul + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foulers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler (plural foulers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2015, Saleem Mustafa, Rossita Shapawi, Aquaculture Ecosystems: Adaptability and Sustainability, page 119",
"text": "For example, several species of hydroids and bryozoans are important foulers of salmon cages in Australia (Hodson et al., 2000) and Norway (Guenther et al., 2010).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who fouls."
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English comparative adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "foul",
"3": "er"
},
"expansion": "foul + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "foul + -er.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comparative adjective"
},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English comparative adjectives"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "more foul",
"word": "foul"
}
],
"glosses": [
"comparative form of foul: more foul"
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"comparative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfaʊl.ɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"homophone": "fowler"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg/En-us-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/En-us-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-fouler.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg/En-uk-fouler.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-uk-fouler.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones",
"French undefined derivations",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -er",
"Rhymes:French/e"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "foule"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fouller",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*fullāre",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "fuller"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“fuller”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French fouller (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Vulgar Latin *fullāre (“to trample, to full”), from Latin fullō (“fuller”). More at full.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fouler",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "foulant",
"ipa": "/fu.lɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulé",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulais",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulait",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulaient",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulai",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulas",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foula",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâmes",
"ipa": "/fu.lam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulâtes",
"ipa": "/fu.lat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulèrent",
"ipa": "/fu.lɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerai",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleras",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulera",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerons",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerez",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleront",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerais",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerait",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulerions",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleriez",
"ipa": "/fu.lə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fouleraient",
"ipa": "/ful.ʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foules",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulions",
"ipa": "/fu.ljɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "fouliez",
"ipa": "/fu.lje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulent",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasse",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulasses",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulât",
"ipa": "/fu.la/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassions",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassiez",
"ipa": "/fu.la.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foulassent",
"ipa": "/fu.las/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "foule",
"ipa": "/ful/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "foulons",
"ipa": "/fu.lɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foulez",
"ipa": "/fu.le/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fouler",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"links": [
[
"stamp",
"stamp"
],
[
"impress",
"impress"
],
[
"dent",
"dent"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to stamp, to impress, to dent; to mill"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"links": [
[
"walk",
"walk"
],
[
"tread",
"tread"
],
[
"trample",
"trample"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to walk on, to tread, to trample"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with collocations",
"French transitive verbs",
"Requests for translations of French usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "fouler aux pieds",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"links": [
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
],
[
"mistreat",
"mistreat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to oppress, to mistreat"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"dint",
"dint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to injure by knocking, bumping or dinting"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French reflexive verbs",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I sprained my ankle playing rugby.",
"text": "Je me suis foulé la cheville en jouant au rugby",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sprain"
],
"links": [
[
"sprain",
"sprain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive) to sprain"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French colloquialisms",
"French negative polarity items",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ne pas se fouler ― not to overdo it",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"links": [
[
"wear oneself out",
"wear out"
],
[
"overdo",
"overdo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(takes a reflexive pronoun, chiefly in the negative, colloquial) to wear oneself out, to overdo it"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative",
"takes a reflexive pronoun"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fu.le/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-e"
},
{
"homophone": "foulai"
},
{
"homophone": "foulé"
},
{
"homophone": "foulée"
},
{
"homophone": "foulées"
},
{
"homophone": "foulés"
},
{
"homophone": "foulez"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-fouler.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fouler"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.