See foule on Wiktionary
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"3": "fulcus"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin fulcus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*folk",
"4": "*folc"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *folc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką",
"4": "",
"5": "collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "folc",
"3": "",
"4": "people collectively, nation"
},
"expansion": "Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "folc",
"3": "",
"4": "common people, troop, multitude"
},
"expansion": "Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mareschal"
},
"expansion": "Old French mareschal",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”), alteration (due to Middle French foule (“act of treading”)) of Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Early Medieval Latin fulcus, from Frankish *folc, *fulc (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”), Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”). More at folk.\nFor the loss of c after l, compare Old French mareschal, seneschal, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
101,
106
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
110,
115
]
],
"english": "Social Psychologists have developed several theories to explain the way in which the psychology of a crowd differs and interacts with that of the individuals within it.",
"text": "Les psychologues sociaux ont développé plusieurs théories afin d’expliquer la façon dont la psychologie d’une foule diffère et interagit avec celle des individus en son sein.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the thronging of a crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"thronging",
"thronging"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a great number, multitude, mass; host"
],
"links": [
[
"number",
"number"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"host",
"host"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"French verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/ul"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of milling clothes or hats"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the act or process of treading or milling"
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"treading",
"treading"
],
[
"milling",
"milling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"oppression, vexation"
],
"links": [
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
],
[
"vexation",
"vexation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"French verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/ul"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of milling clothes or hats"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foule",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fouler"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fouler:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"fouler",
"fouler#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fouler"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fouler:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"fouler",
"fouler#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foule",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:",
"first-person singular present"
],
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:",
"first/third-person singular subjunctive I"
],
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:",
"singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/De-foule.ogg/De-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/De-foule.ogg"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foulc",
"4": "",
"5": "people, multitude, crowd, troop"
},
"expansion": "Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*folk",
"4": "",
"5": "crowd, multitude, people"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką",
"4": "",
"5": "collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Vulgar Latin, from Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "foules",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman feminine nouns",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman nouns",
"Norman terms derived from Frankish",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norman terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) crowd"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fliotchet"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
Download raw JSONL data for foule meaning in All languages combined (13.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.