See foule on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for foule meaning in All languages combined (13.1kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "more foule",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most foule",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foule (comparative more foule, superlative most foule)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "foul"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of foul."
],
"id": "en-foule-en-adj-3fCGLSAN",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "etymologically unrelated",
"word": "foule mudammas"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bain de foule"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "group of men, people collectively",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "group of men, people collectively"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "act of treading"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“act of treading”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foulc",
"4": "",
"5": "people, multitude, crowd, troop"
},
"expansion": "Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "fulcus"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin fulcus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*folk",
"4": "*folc"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *folc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*folk",
"3": "*fulc",
"t": "crowd, multitude, people"
},
"expansion": "*fulc (“crowd, multitude, people”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką",
"4": "",
"5": "collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "folc",
"3": "",
"4": "people collectively, nation"
},
"expansion": "Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "folc",
"3": "",
"4": "common people, troop, multitude"
},
"expansion": "Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "folk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mareschal"
},
"expansion": "Old French mareschal",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "seneschal",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”), alteration (due to Middle French foule (“act of treading”)) of Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Early Medieval Latin fulcus, from Frankish *folc, *fulc (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”), Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”). More at folk.\nFor the loss of c after l, compare Old French mareschal, seneschal, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Social Psychologists have developed several theories to explain the way in which the psychology of a crowd differs and interacts with that of the individuals within it.",
"text": "Les psychologues sociaux ont développé plusieurs théories afin d’expliquer la façon dont la psychologie d’une foule diffère et interagit avec celle des individus en son sein.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"id": "en-foule-fr-noun-W0U1vdef",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the thronging of a crowd"
],
"id": "en-foule-fr-noun-G49fklUy",
"links": [
[
"thronging",
"thronging"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a great number, multitude, mass; host"
],
"id": "en-foule-fr-noun-JB05PtQE",
"links": [
[
"number",
"number"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"host",
"host"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of milling clothes or hats"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fouler",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the act or process of treading or milling"
],
"id": "en-foule-fr-noun-k~gJ~1nZ",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"treading",
"treading"
],
[
"milling",
"milling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"oppression, vexation"
],
"id": "en-foule-fr-noun-QxzQv~Kw",
"links": [
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
],
[
"vexation",
"vexation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of milling clothes or hats"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fouler",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foule",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 4 1 4 2 63 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fouler:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-foule-fr-verb-CTy4D61B",
"links": [
[
"fouler",
"fouler#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of fouler:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-foule-fr-verb-Nt86Yygv",
"links": [
[
"fouler",
"fouler#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foule",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n## first-person singular present\n## first/third-person singular subjunctive I\n## singular imperative",
"first-person singular present"
],
"id": "en-foule-de-verb-bYhheWal",
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n## first-person singular present\n## first/third-person singular subjunctive I\n## singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular subjunctive I"
],
"id": "en-foule-de-verb-V4GwYH5O",
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n## first-person singular present\n## first/third-person singular subjunctive I\n## singular imperative",
"singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-foule-de-verb-G540xfS9",
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/De-foule.ogg/De-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/De-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foulc",
"4": "",
"5": "people, multitude, crowd, troop"
},
"expansion": "Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*folk",
"4": "",
"5": "crowd, multitude, people"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką",
"4": "",
"5": "collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Vulgar Latin, from Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "foules",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Jersey Norman",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"id": "en-foule-nrm-noun-W0U1vdef",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) crowd"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fliotchet"
}
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "more foule",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most foule",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "foule (comparative more foule, superlative most foule)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"english": "etymologically unrelated",
"word": "foule mudammas"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "foul"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of foul."
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones",
"French verb forms",
"Rhymes:French/ul"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bain de foule"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "group of men, people collectively",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "group of men, people collectively"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "act of treading"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“act of treading”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foulc",
"4": "",
"5": "people, multitude, crowd, troop"
},
"expansion": "Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "fulcus"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin fulcus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*folk",
"4": "*folc"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *folc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*folk",
"3": "*fulc",
"t": "crowd, multitude, people"
},
"expansion": "*fulc (“crowd, multitude, people”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką",
"4": "",
"5": "collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "folc",
"3": "",
"4": "people collectively, nation"
},
"expansion": "Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "folc",
"3": "",
"4": "common people, troop, multitude"
},
"expansion": "Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "folk"
},
"expansion": "folk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "mareschal"
},
"expansion": "Old French mareschal",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "seneschal"
},
"expansion": "seneschal",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French foule (“group of men, people collectively”), alteration (due to Middle French foule (“act of treading”)) of Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Early Medieval Latin fulcus, from Frankish *folc, *fulc (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Cognate with Old High German folc (“people collectively, nation”), Old English folc (“common people, troop, multitude”). More at folk.\nFor the loss of c after l, compare Old French mareschal, seneschal, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Social Psychologists have developed several theories to explain the way in which the psychology of a crowd differs and interacts with that of the individuals within it.",
"text": "Les psychologues sociaux ont développé plusieurs théories afin d’expliquer la façon dont la psychologie d’une foule diffère et interagit avec celle des individus en son sein.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the thronging of a crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"thronging",
"thronging"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a great number, multitude, mass; host"
],
"links": [
[
"number",
"number"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"host",
"host"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones",
"French verb forms",
"Rhymes:French/ul"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of milling clothes or hats"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fouler",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the act or process of treading or milling"
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"treading",
"treading"
],
[
"milling",
"milling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"oppression, vexation"
],
"links": [
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
],
[
"vexation",
"vexation"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones",
"French verb forms",
"Rhymes:French/ul"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "foule",
"4": "",
"5": "the act of milling clothes or hats"
},
"expansion": "Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fouler",
"3": "",
"4": "to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat"
},
"expansion": "fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foler",
"4": "",
"5": "to crush, act wickedly"
},
"expansion": "Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "fullō",
"4": "",
"5": "to trample, to full"
},
"expansion": "Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French foule (“the act of milling clothes or hats”) and fouler (“to trample, mill, fordo, mistreat”), from Old French foler (“to crush, act wickedly”), from Latin fullō (“to trample, to full”). More at full.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foule",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of fouler:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"fouler",
"fouler#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of fouler:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"fouler",
"fouler#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ful/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ul"
},
{
"homophone": "foulent"
},
{
"homophone": "foules"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg/Fr-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Fr-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms with audio links",
"German verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foule",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n## first-person singular present\n## first/third-person singular subjunctive I\n## singular imperative",
"first-person singular present"
],
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n## first-person singular present\n## first/third-person singular subjunctive I\n## singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular subjunctive I"
],
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "foulen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n## first-person singular present\n## first/third-person singular subjunctive I\n## singular imperative",
"singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"foulen",
"foulen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of foulen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-foule.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/De-foule.ogg/De-foule.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/De-foule.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "fro",
"3": "foulc",
"4": "",
"5": "people, multitude, crowd, troop"
},
"expansion": "Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*folk",
"4": "",
"5": "crowd, multitude, people"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*fulką",
"4": "",
"5": "collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pleh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to fill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French foulc (“people, multitude, crowd, troop”), from Vulgar Latin, from Frankish *folk (“crowd, multitude, people”), from Proto-Germanic *fulką (“collection or class of people, multitude; host of warriors”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foules",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "foules",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "foule f (plural foules)",
"name": "nrf-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Jersey Norman",
"Norman entries with incorrect language header",
"Norman feminine nouns",
"Norman lemmas",
"Norman nouns",
"Norman terms derived from Frankish",
"Norman terms derived from Old French",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norman terms derived from Vulgar Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Jersey) crowd"
],
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fliotchet"
}
],
"word": "foule"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.