See dwingen on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dwingen meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dwang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dwingeland"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dwingend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dwingerig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "afdwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bedwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ongedwongen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dwing"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: dwing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: dwing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "twing",
"3": "dwing"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: twing, dwing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: twing, dwing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "dwengi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: dwengi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: dwengi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "dwinge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: dwinge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: dwinge (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "dwengi",
"3": "dwingi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: dwengi, dwingi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: dwengi, dwingi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "dwéngi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: dwéngi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: dwéngi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwinhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þwinganą"
},
"expansion": "*þwinganą",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch dwingen, from Old Dutch *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną, *þwinganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dwingen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dwin‧gen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwong",
"3": "dwongen",
"class": "3a"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The robbers tried to force the store clerk to open the safe.",
"text": "De overvallers probeerden de winkelbediende te dwingen de kluis te openen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I won't force you to come, but I would appreciate it.",
"text": "Ik zal je niet dwingen om te komen, maar ik zou het op prijs stellen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to force, coerce (someone)"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-nl-verb-pWpQwhrg",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"coerce",
"coerce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to force, coerce (someone)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forceren"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The law can constrain companies to take environmentally friendly measures.",
"text": "De wet kan bedrijven dwingen milieuvriendelijke maatregelen te nemen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The circumstances enforced us to make a decision.",
"text": "De omstandigheden dwongen ons om een beslissing te nemen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The market changes cause inevitably the company to adapt.",
"text": "De veranderingen in de markt dwingen het bedrijf om zich aan te passen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to constrain, enforce, cause inevitably"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-nl-verb-W1iM6a5w",
"links": [
[
"constrain",
"constrain"
],
[
"enforce",
"enforce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to constrain, enforce, cause inevitably"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 11 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to insist forcefully"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-nl-verb-cMlNjM-u",
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to insist forcefully"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʋɪŋə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋən"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-dwingen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-dwingen.ogg/Nl-dwingen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-dwingen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German dwingen, from Old Saxon *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dwingt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwings",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "edwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "dwingt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "dwung",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "dwingen (third-person singular simple present dwingt, past tense dwung, past participle dwungen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwing",
"3": "dwung",
"4": "dwung",
"5": "dwung",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "nds-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"10": "dwingt",
"11": "dwingen",
"12": "(e)dwungen, gedwungen",
"2": "dwings(t)",
"3": "dwing(t)",
"4": "dwingt, dwingen",
"5": "dwung",
"6": "dwungs(t)",
"7": "dwung",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "dwing",
"head": "dwingen (class 3 strong verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-nds-verb-PQyQS5XZ",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to necessitate; to call for"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-nds-verb--k89th68",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with \"to ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with \"to ...\""
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdvɪŋən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋŋ̩]"
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dwingen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dwingen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "dwinge"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: dwinge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: dwinge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *thwingan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwincs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinges",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwoncs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonges",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "dwingen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dwingen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwang",
"3": "dwong",
"4": "gedwongen",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "dum-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to press tight, to squeeze, to pinch"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-kXeCcRIc",
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze"
],
[
"pinch",
"pinch"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hurt, to torment"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-V3anbKCH",
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to pressure (mentally)"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-8rWJgOag",
"links": [
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 3 26 2 3 4 2 13 39 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to subdue, to impose one's will on, to have under one's control"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-owUN7Zq3",
"links": [
[
"subdue",
"subdue"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"control",
"control"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to force, to compel"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-dum-verb-XOM4PPsy",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch class 3a strong verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪŋən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪŋən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dwang"
},
{
"word": "dwingeland"
},
{
"word": "dwingend"
},
{
"word": "dwingerig"
},
{
"word": "afdwingen"
},
{
"word": "bedwingen"
},
{
"word": "ongedwongen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dwing"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: dwing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: dwing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "twing",
"3": "dwing"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: twing, dwing",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: twing, dwing"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "djk",
"2": "dwengi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Aukan: dwengi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Aukan: dwengi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "dwinge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: dwinge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: dwinge (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "srn",
"2": "dwengi",
"3": "dwingi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sranan Tongo: dwengi, dwingi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sranan Tongo: dwengi, dwingi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jvn",
"2": "dwéngi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Caribbean Javanese: dwéngi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Caribbean Javanese: dwéngi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch dwingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þwinhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þwinganą"
},
"expansion": "*þwinganą",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch dwingen, from Old Dutch *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinhaną, *þwinganą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingend",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dwingen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"dwin‧gen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwong",
"3": "dwongen",
"class": "3a"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The robbers tried to force the store clerk to open the safe.",
"text": "De overvallers probeerden de winkelbediende te dwingen de kluis te openen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I won't force you to come, but I would appreciate it.",
"text": "Ik zal je niet dwingen om te komen, maar ik zou het op prijs stellen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to force, coerce (someone)"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"coerce",
"coerce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to force, coerce (someone)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "forceren"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The law can constrain companies to take environmentally friendly measures.",
"text": "De wet kan bedrijven dwingen milieuvriendelijke maatregelen te nemen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The circumstances enforced us to make a decision.",
"text": "De omstandigheden dwongen ons om een beslissing te nemen.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The market changes cause inevitably the company to adapt.",
"text": "De veranderingen in de markt dwingen het bedrijf om zich aan te passen.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to constrain, enforce, cause inevitably"
],
"links": [
[
"constrain",
"constrain"
],
[
"enforce",
"enforce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to constrain, enforce, cause inevitably"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to insist forcefully"
],
"links": [
[
"insist",
"insist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to insist forcefully"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdʋɪŋə(n)/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋən"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-dwingen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/Nl-dwingen.ogg/Nl-dwingen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Nl-dwingen.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German class 3 strong verbs",
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Low German verbs",
"Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German dwingen, from Old Saxon *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dwingt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwings",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "edwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "dwingt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "dwung",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "dwingen (third-person singular simple present dwingt, past tense dwung, past participle dwungen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwing",
"3": "dwung",
"4": "dwung",
"5": "dwung",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "nds-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"10": "dwingt",
"11": "dwingen",
"12": "(e)dwungen, gedwungen",
"2": "dwings(t)",
"3": "dwing(t)",
"4": "dwingt, dwingen",
"5": "dwung",
"6": "dwungs(t)",
"7": "dwung",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "dwing",
"head": "dwingen (class 3 strong verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Low German reflexive verbs",
"Low German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Low German intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to necessitate; to call for"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with \"to ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with \"to ...\""
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdvɪŋən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋŋ̩]"
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: dwingen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: dwingen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "dwinge"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: dwinge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: dwinge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *thwingan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwincs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinges",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwoncs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonges",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwanc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwonge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinge",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwinget",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwongen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "dwingen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "dwingen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwang",
"3": "dwong",
"4": "gedwongen",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "dum-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to press tight, to squeeze, to pinch"
],
"links": [
[
"press",
"press"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze"
],
[
"pinch",
"pinch"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hurt, to torment"
],
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to pressure (mentally)"
],
"links": [
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to subdue, to impose one's will on, to have under one's control"
],
"links": [
[
"subdue",
"subdue"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"control",
"control"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to force, to compel"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
]
]
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.