"doven" meaning in All languages combined

See doven on Wiktionary

Adjective [Danish]

IPA: /ˈdɒwən/
Etymology: From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”). Etymology templates: {{der|da|non|dofinn||dead}} Old Norse dofinn (“dead”) Head templates: {{head|da|adjective||{{{1}}}||||{{{2}}}||||{{{3}}}||{{{comp2}}}||{{{4}}}||{{{sup2}}}||{{{5}}}|||f1accel-form=n|s|f3accel-form=e-form|f5accel-form=comd|f7accel-form=pred|supd|f9accel-form=attr|supd|head=|head2=|sort=}} doven, {{da-adj}} doven Inflection templates: {{da-infl-adj|dovn|est}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], doven [error-unrecognized-form, positive], dovnere [comparative, error-unrecognized-form], dovnest [error-unrecognized-form, superlative], dovent [error-unrecognized-form, positive], dovne [plural, positive], dovnere [comparative, plural], dovnest [plural, superlative], dovne [attributive, definite, positive], dovnere [attributive, comparative, definite], dovneste [attributive, definite, superlative]
  1. lazy (unwilling to work)
    Sense id: en-doven-da-adj-5Jnoy0w7
  2. stale (of beverages)
    Sense id: en-doven-da-adj-BVoauKVT Categories (other): Danish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Danish entries with incorrect language header: 38 62

Noun [Dutch]

IPA: /ˈdoːvə(n)/ Audio: Nl-doven.ogg
Rhymes: -oːvən Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|nl|noun form}} doven
  1. plural of dove Tags: form-of, plural Form of: dove
    Sense id: en-doven-nl-noun-V6oWIwnb
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Verb [Dutch]

IPA: /ˈdoːvə(n)/ Audio: Nl-doven.ogg
Rhymes: -oːvən Etymology: From Middle Dutch dôven, from Old Dutch *dōven, from Proto-West Germanic *daubijan, from Proto-Germanic *daubijaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|dôven}} Middle Dutch dôven, {{inh|nl|odt|*dōven}} Old Dutch *dōven, {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*daubijan}} Proto-West Germanic *daubijan, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*daubijaną}} Proto-Germanic *daubijaną Head templates: {{nl-verb}} doven Inflection templates: {{nl-conj-wk|doof|dove}} Forms: weak [table-tags], doven [infinitive], doven [gerund, neuter], doof [first-person, present, singular], doofde [first-person, past, singular], dooft [present, second-person, singular], doofde [past, second-person, singular], dooft [formal, present, second-person, singular], doofde [formal, past, second-person, singular], dooft [Flanders, colloquial, present, second-person, singular], dooft [archaic, formal, majestic, present, second-person, singular], doofde [Flanders, colloquial, past, second-person, singular], doofde [archaic, formal, majestic, past, second-person, singular], dooft [present, singular, third-person], doofde [past, singular, third-person], doven [plural, present], doofden [past, plural], dove [archaic, present, singular, subjunctive], doofde [archaic, past, singular, subjunctive], doven [archaic, plural, present, subjunctive], doofden [archaic, past, plural, subjunctive], doof [imperative, present, singular], dooft [archaic, imperative, plural, present], dovend [participle, present], gedoofd [participle, past]
  1. (ergative) to extinguish Tags: ergative
    Sense id: en-doven-nl-verb-0GaVqKCI
  2. to muffle, to deaden (a sound)
    Sense id: en-doven-nl-verb-TWzuB3tA Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 19 14 41 14 12
  3. (obsolete) to become deaf Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-doven-nl-verb-zJ5pgHD9
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: doofpot, uitdoven, verdoven
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Dutch]

IPA: /ˈdoːvə(n)/ Audio: Nl-doven.ogg
Rhymes: -oːvən Etymology: From Middle Dutch dôven, from Old Dutch *dōvon, from Proto-West Germanic *dobēn, from the same ultimate source as *daub (“deaf, stunned”). Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|dôven}} Middle Dutch dôven, {{inh|nl|odt|*dōvon}} Old Dutch *dōvon, {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*dobēn}} Proto-West Germanic *dobēn, {{m|gmw-pro|*daub|t=deaf, stunned}} *daub (“deaf, stunned”) Head templates: {{nl-verb}} doven
  1. (obsolete) to rage, to be crazy Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-doven-nl-verb-nA7ZBtsf
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [English]

Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} doven
  1. (dialectal) past participle of dive Tags: dialectal, form-of, participle, past Form of: dive
    Sense id: en-doven-en-verb-xCoHLsNa Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 69 31
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [English]

Forms: dovens [present, singular, third-person], dovening [participle, present], dovened [participle, past], dovened [past]
Head templates: {{en-verb}} doven (third-person singular simple present dovens, present participle dovening, simple past and past participle dovened)
  1. Alternative form of daven Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: daven
    Sense id: en-doven-en-verb-ODdWsJwq
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Adjective [Norwegian Bokmål]

Forms: dovent [neuter, singular], dovne [definite, plural, singular], dovnere [comparative], dovnest [indefinite, superlative], dovneste [definite, superlative]
Etymology: From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”). Etymology templates: {{der|nb|non|dofinn||dead}} Old Norse dofinn (“dead”) Head templates: {{head|nb|adjective|neuter singular|dovent|definite singular and plural|dovne|comparative|dovnere|indefinite superlative|dovnest|definite superlative|dovneste}} doven (neuter singular dovent, definite singular and plural dovne, comparative dovnere, indefinite superlative dovnest, definite superlative dovneste)
  1. lazy (unwilling to work)
    Sense id: en-doven-nb-adj-5Jnoy0w7
  2. flat (e.g. beer)
    Sense id: en-doven-nb-adj-XUIU2gjj
  3. numb (limbs)
    Sense id: en-doven-nb-adj-dWNq4eVj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: dovendyr

Adjective [Norwegian Nynorsk]

Forms: dove [neuter, singular], dovent [neuter, singular], dovne [definite, plural, singular], dovnare [comparative], dovnast [indefinite, superlative], dovnaste [definite, superlative]
Etymology: From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”). Etymology templates: {{der|nn|non|dofinn||dead}} Old Norse dofinn (“dead”) Head templates: {{head|nn|adjective|neuter singular|dove|or|dovent|definite singular and plural|dovne|comparative|dovnare|indefinite superlative|dovnast|definite superlative|dovnaste}} doven (neuter singular dove or dovent, definite singular and plural dovne, comparative dovnare, indefinite superlative dovnast, definite superlative dovnaste)
  1. lazy (unwilling to work)
    Sense id: en-doven-nn-adj-5Jnoy0w7
  2. flat (e.g. beer)
    Sense id: en-doven-nn-adj-XUIU2gjj
  3. numb (limbs)
    Sense id: en-doven-nn-adj-dWNq4eVj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: dovendyr

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for doven meaning in All languages combined (20.0kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "69 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870 August, “Bobbit’s Hotel”, in J[ohn] T[ownsend] Trowbridge, Lucy Larcom, editors, Our Young Folks. An Illustrated Magazine for Boys and Girls., volume IV, number VIII, Boston: Fields, Osgood, & Co., […], page 484",
          "text": "“Now,” said Bobbit, with an amazing chuckle for a boy who was going to give to-morrow’s dinner to another boy, “you walk right along as ef you was going to walk a mile, and when you see I ’ve doven — dive!” The next they knew after that, Bobbit had “doven” into the old engine boiler, and they after him.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1879, Josiah Allen’s Wife [pen name; Marietta Holley], “How Serepta Carried the Meetin’ House”, in Josiah Allen’s Wife as a P.A. and P.I. Samantha at the Centennial. […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, page 242",
          "text": "Knowin’ what I do know, divin’ deep into the heights and depths of men’s naters as I have doven, I knew that this would break Serepta’s chains.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1879, Josiah Allen’s Wife [pen name; Marietta Holley], “Tirzah Ann’s Summer Strip”, in Peterson’s Magazine, volume seventy-sixth, […] Illman Brothers, pages 40 (part I) and 120 (part II), column 2",
          "text": "I didn’t go onto the heights and depths of filosofy, on which I so many times had flew and doven;[…]But not studyin’ it out as I have, not divin’ into the subject so deep as I have doven, it galled Tirzah Ann to see Mrs. Skidmore put on such airs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1880, Josiah Allen’s Wife (Marietta Holley), My Wayward Pardner; or, My Trials with Josiah, America, The Widow Bump, and Etcetery, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, published 1882, pages 146, 177, 294, 298, and 301",
          "text": "Says I, feelin’ more and more eloquent as I dove further and further into the depths of the subject than I had doven—and the more I went on about it the more carried away I wuz and lost, till before I had gone on 2 minutes I was entirely by the side of myself, and carried completely out of Kellup Cobb’s presence, out of Josiah Allen’s kitchen, out into the mighty waste of mystery that floats all round Jonesville and the world:[…]I knew this, divin’ into the mysterious ingregiencies of men’s naters so deep as I had doven, I knew this great filisofical fact as well as I knew the dimensions of the nose on my pardner’s face.[…]But not bein’ jealous dispositioned by nater, and and havin’ so many other things to think of—soarin’ and divin’ so high and deep into curious and solemn subjects as I have soared and doven, I s’pose folks might feel milds and milds above me, and I not mistrust what they was a doin’; never find it out in the world unless I was told of it.[…]Says I, “You’ll find, as a general thing, that they are the very ones who do it. They are the very ones who put on the most airs, and they do it because they have to. Why,” says I, “divin’ so deep into filosify as I have doven, it is jest as plain to me as anything can be, that if anybody has got uncommon goodness, or intellect, or beauty, or wealth, and an assured position, they don’t have to put on the haughtiness and airs that them do that hain’t got nothin’.[…]I thought I wouldn’t go into the heights and depths of felosophy in which I had flew and doven—she had heard me time and agin, and eloquence is very tuckerin’ especially after you have been doin’ a hard day’s work—so I merely said:[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1911, Josiah Allen’s Wife (Marietta Holley), “In Which I Continue My Search for Josiah Through Dreamland, Huntin’ for Him in Vain, and Return to Bildad’s at Night, Weary and Despairin’”, in Samantha at Coney Island and a Thousand Other Islands, New York: The Christian Herald, […], page 283",
          "text": "But I sez, “Nobody can dive into deeper depths than I have doven to-day.” / “The ocean?” sez she. / “Oceans of anxiety,” sez I, “rivers of grief.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1914, Marietta Holley, “In Which I Resolve to Write a Book”, in Josiah Allen on the Woman Question, Fleming H. Revell Company, pages 16 and 20",
          "text": "And in divin’ back into history as fur as I’ve doven I want to give suitable credit to my chumb, Uncle Simon Bentley.[…]I wuz astounded to see how deep Uncle Sime had doven into the great mysteries of human existence, not but what I’d have thought it out myself, if I’d had time from fambly cares.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995 May 14, Jack Todd, “Crawford says Nordiques a victim of Rangers’ dirty ‘doven’”, in The Gazette, Montreal, Que., page D5, column 3",
          "text": "“These guys have diven – have ‘doven’ – the whole series,” Crawford told this reporter. “We’re not supposed to talk about the refs, but the league has a rule for this. It’s been a big factor in this series, the diving of Kovalev. He’s a gold medalist in diving.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Olin Thompson, The Long Ride (Dean and Egan, the Story of Two Families; first volume), Bookwarren, page 27",
          "text": "The last man out had grabbed a half empty bottle off the counter near the door, two cowboys there had doven under a table to escape the bullets from them two crazy shooters.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Isabel Cole, transl., The Thing Which Fell From the Heavens, Tredition, translation of original by Gerd Maximovič",
          "text": "As soon as he had doven into the planet he had learned how to multiply his strength.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, LT Wulf, The World King; Book I: The Reckoning",
          "text": "I peekt up and lookt over where Badr had doven and he was already looking my way.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "dive"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of dive"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-en-verb-xCoHLsNa",
      "links": [
        [
          "dive",
          "dive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) past participle of dive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dovens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven (third-person singular simple present dovens, present participle dovening, simple past and past participle dovened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "daven"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1967, “The Good-Good Culture”, in John Cohen, editor, The Essential Lenny Bruce, Panther Books Ltd, published 1975, page 267",
          "text": "I vatched through the portholes as they would doven and chant / ‘Hey, mein Liebe, heyyyy.’",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1974, Jewish Life, page 12, column 2",
          "text": "We played at this intelligence base, and then dovened Maariv, again word by word.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, William Novak, Moshe Waldoks, editors, The Big Book of Jewish Humor, Collins, page 233",
          "text": "THERE once was a king, old and a little crazy, who summoned the Chief Rabbi of his kingdom. “Rabbi,” he said, “there’s one thing I’d like to see. I want you to teach my pet monkey how to doven.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, “Joshua (Joe) Gershman”, in Seemah C. Berson, editor, I Have a Story to Tell You, Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, page 178",
          "text": "They knew how to doven, to pray, but they didn’t understand what the heck they were reading. And some of them couldn’t doven either!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of daven"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-en-verb-ODdWsJwq",
      "links": [
        [
          "daven",
          "daven#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "dofinn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dead"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse dofinn (“dead”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "da-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovent",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovneste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{3}}}",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{comp2}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{4}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{sup2}}}",
        "19": "",
        "2": "adjective",
        "20": "{{{5}}}",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{2}}}",
        "9": "",
        "f1accel-form": "n|s",
        "f3accel-form": "e-form",
        "f5accel-form": "comd",
        "f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
        "f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "da-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dovn",
        "2": "est"
      },
      "name": "da-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Danish",
  "lang_code": "da",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lazy (unwilling to work)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-da-adj-5Jnoy0w7",
      "links": [
        [
          "lazy",
          "lazy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 62",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stale (of beverages)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-da-adj-BVoauKVT",
      "links": [
        [
          "stale",
          "stale"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɒwən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "doofpot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "uitdoven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "verdoven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "dôven"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dôven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*dōven"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *dōven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*daubijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *daubijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*daubijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *daubijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch dôven, from Old Dutch *dōven, from Proto-West Germanic *daubijan, from Proto-Germanic *daubijaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dove",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gedoofd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "do‧ven"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "doof",
        "2": "dove"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to extinguish"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nl-verb-0GaVqKCI",
      "links": [
        [
          "extinguish",
          "extinguish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ergative) to extinguish"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 14 41 14 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to muffle, to deaden (a sound)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nl-verb-TWzuB3tA",
      "links": [
        [
          "muffle",
          "muffle"
        ],
        [
          "deaden",
          "deaden"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to become deaf"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nl-verb-zJ5pgHD9",
      "links": [
        [
          "deaf",
          "deaf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to become deaf"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdoːvə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-doven.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg/Nl-doven.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "dôven"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dôven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*dōvon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *dōvon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*dobēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dobēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*daub",
        "t": "deaf, stunned"
      },
      "expansion": "*daub (“deaf, stunned”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch dôven, from Old Dutch *dōvon, from Proto-West Germanic *dobēn, from the same ultimate source as *daub (“deaf, stunned”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "do‧ven"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to rage, to be crazy"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nl-verb-nA7ZBtsf",
      "links": [
        [
          "rage",
          "rage"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "crazy",
          "crazy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to rage, to be crazy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdoːvə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-doven.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg/Nl-doven.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "do‧ven"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "dove"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of dove"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nl-noun-V6oWIwnb",
      "links": [
        [
          "dove",
          "dove#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdoːvə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-doven.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg/Nl-doven.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dovendyr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "dofinn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dead"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse dofinn (“dead”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dovent",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnest",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovneste",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "10": "dovnest",
        "11": "definite superlative",
        "12": "dovneste",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "neuter singular",
        "4": "dovent",
        "5": "definite singular and plural",
        "6": "dovne",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "dovnere",
        "9": "indefinite superlative"
      },
      "expansion": "doven (neuter singular dovent, definite singular and plural dovne, comparative dovnere, indefinite superlative dovnest, definite superlative dovneste)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lazy (unwilling to work)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nb-adj-5Jnoy0w7",
      "links": [
        [
          "lazy",
          "lazy#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flat (e.g. beer)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nb-adj-XUIU2gjj",
      "links": [
        [
          "flat",
          "flat#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "numb (limbs)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nb-adj-dWNq4eVj",
      "links": [
        [
          "numb",
          "numb#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dovendyr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "dofinn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dead"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse dofinn (“dead”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dove",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovent",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnare",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnast",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnaste",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "10": "dovnare",
        "11": "indefinite superlative",
        "12": "dovnast",
        "13": "definite superlative",
        "14": "dovnaste",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "neuter singular",
        "4": "dove",
        "5": "or",
        "6": "dovent",
        "7": "definite singular and plural",
        "8": "dovne",
        "9": "comparative"
      },
      "expansion": "doven (neuter singular dove or dovent, definite singular and plural dovne, comparative dovnare, indefinite superlative dovnast, definite superlative dovnaste)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lazy (unwilling to work)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nn-adj-5Jnoy0w7",
      "links": [
        [
          "lazy",
          "lazy#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flat (e.g. beer)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nn-adj-XUIU2gjj",
      "links": [
        [
          "flat",
          "flat#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "numb (limbs)"
      ],
      "id": "en-doven-nn-adj-dWNq4eVj",
      "links": [
        [
          "numb",
          "numb#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Danish adjectives",
    "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Danish lemmas",
    "Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
    "Danish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "dofinn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dead"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse dofinn (“dead”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "da-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovent",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comparative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnest",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "definite",
        "positive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "comparative",
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovneste",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "attributive",
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{3}}}",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{comp2}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{4}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{sup2}}}",
        "19": "",
        "2": "adjective",
        "20": "{{{5}}}",
        "21": "",
        "22": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{2}}}",
        "9": "",
        "f1accel-form": "n|s",
        "f3accel-form": "e-form",
        "f5accel-form": "comd",
        "f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
        "f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "da-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dovn",
        "2": "est"
      },
      "name": "da-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Danish",
  "lang_code": "da",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lazy (unwilling to work)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lazy",
          "lazy"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stale (of beverages)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stale",
          "stale"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɒwən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch basic verbs",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch noun forms",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch verbs",
    "Dutch weak verbs",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːvən",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːvən/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "doofpot"
    },
    {
      "word": "uitdoven"
    },
    {
      "word": "verdoven"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "dôven"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dôven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*dōven"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *dōven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*daubijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *daubijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*daubijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *daubijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch dôven, from Old Dutch *dōven, from Proto-West Germanic *daubijan, from Proto-Germanic *daubijaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-wk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dove",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofde",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doven",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doofden",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "doof",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dooft",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovend",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gedoofd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "do‧ven"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "doof",
        "2": "dove"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch ergative verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to extinguish"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extinguish",
          "extinguish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ergative) to extinguish"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ergative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to muffle, to deaden (a sound)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "muffle",
          "muffle"
        ],
        [
          "deaden",
          "deaden"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to become deaf"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deaf",
          "deaf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to become deaf"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdoːvə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-doven.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg/Nl-doven.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch noun forms",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Dutch verbs",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːvən",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːvən/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "dôven"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch dôven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*dōvon"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *dōvon",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*dobēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dobēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*daub",
        "t": "deaf, stunned"
      },
      "expansion": "*daub (“deaf, stunned”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch dôven, from Old Dutch *dōvon, from Proto-West Germanic *dobēn, from the same ultimate source as *daub (“deaf, stunned”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "do‧ven"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to rage, to be crazy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rage",
          "rage"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "crazy",
          "crazy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) to rage, to be crazy"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdoːvə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-doven.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg/Nl-doven.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch noun forms",
    "Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Dutch terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːvən",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/oːvən/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "do‧ven"
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "dove"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural of dove"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dove",
          "dove#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdoːvə(n)/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oːvən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-doven.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg/Nl-doven.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Nl-doven.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English verb forms",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "doven",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870 August, “Bobbit’s Hotel”, in J[ohn] T[ownsend] Trowbridge, Lucy Larcom, editors, Our Young Folks. An Illustrated Magazine for Boys and Girls., volume IV, number VIII, Boston: Fields, Osgood, & Co., […], page 484",
          "text": "“Now,” said Bobbit, with an amazing chuckle for a boy who was going to give to-morrow’s dinner to another boy, “you walk right along as ef you was going to walk a mile, and when you see I ’ve doven — dive!” The next they knew after that, Bobbit had “doven” into the old engine boiler, and they after him.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1879, Josiah Allen’s Wife [pen name; Marietta Holley], “How Serepta Carried the Meetin’ House”, in Josiah Allen’s Wife as a P.A. and P.I. Samantha at the Centennial. […], Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, page 242",
          "text": "Knowin’ what I do know, divin’ deep into the heights and depths of men’s naters as I have doven, I knew that this would break Serepta’s chains.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1879, Josiah Allen’s Wife [pen name; Marietta Holley], “Tirzah Ann’s Summer Strip”, in Peterson’s Magazine, volume seventy-sixth, […] Illman Brothers, pages 40 (part I) and 120 (part II), column 2",
          "text": "I didn’t go onto the heights and depths of filosofy, on which I so many times had flew and doven;[…]But not studyin’ it out as I have, not divin’ into the subject so deep as I have doven, it galled Tirzah Ann to see Mrs. Skidmore put on such airs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1880, Josiah Allen’s Wife (Marietta Holley), My Wayward Pardner; or, My Trials with Josiah, America, The Widow Bump, and Etcetery, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company, published 1882, pages 146, 177, 294, 298, and 301",
          "text": "Says I, feelin’ more and more eloquent as I dove further and further into the depths of the subject than I had doven—and the more I went on about it the more carried away I wuz and lost, till before I had gone on 2 minutes I was entirely by the side of myself, and carried completely out of Kellup Cobb’s presence, out of Josiah Allen’s kitchen, out into the mighty waste of mystery that floats all round Jonesville and the world:[…]I knew this, divin’ into the mysterious ingregiencies of men’s naters so deep as I had doven, I knew this great filisofical fact as well as I knew the dimensions of the nose on my pardner’s face.[…]But not bein’ jealous dispositioned by nater, and and havin’ so many other things to think of—soarin’ and divin’ so high and deep into curious and solemn subjects as I have soared and doven, I s’pose folks might feel milds and milds above me, and I not mistrust what they was a doin’; never find it out in the world unless I was told of it.[…]Says I, “You’ll find, as a general thing, that they are the very ones who do it. They are the very ones who put on the most airs, and they do it because they have to. Why,” says I, “divin’ so deep into filosify as I have doven, it is jest as plain to me as anything can be, that if anybody has got uncommon goodness, or intellect, or beauty, or wealth, and an assured position, they don’t have to put on the haughtiness and airs that them do that hain’t got nothin’.[…]I thought I wouldn’t go into the heights and depths of felosophy in which I had flew and doven—she had heard me time and agin, and eloquence is very tuckerin’ especially after you have been doin’ a hard day’s work—so I merely said:[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1911, Josiah Allen’s Wife (Marietta Holley), “In Which I Continue My Search for Josiah Through Dreamland, Huntin’ for Him in Vain, and Return to Bildad’s at Night, Weary and Despairin’”, in Samantha at Coney Island and a Thousand Other Islands, New York: The Christian Herald, […], page 283",
          "text": "But I sez, “Nobody can dive into deeper depths than I have doven to-day.” / “The ocean?” sez she. / “Oceans of anxiety,” sez I, “rivers of grief.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1914, Marietta Holley, “In Which I Resolve to Write a Book”, in Josiah Allen on the Woman Question, Fleming H. Revell Company, pages 16 and 20",
          "text": "And in divin’ back into history as fur as I’ve doven I want to give suitable credit to my chumb, Uncle Simon Bentley.[…]I wuz astounded to see how deep Uncle Sime had doven into the great mysteries of human existence, not but what I’d have thought it out myself, if I’d had time from fambly cares.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995 May 14, Jack Todd, “Crawford says Nordiques a victim of Rangers’ dirty ‘doven’”, in The Gazette, Montreal, Que., page D5, column 3",
          "text": "“These guys have diven – have ‘doven’ – the whole series,” Crawford told this reporter. “We’re not supposed to talk about the refs, but the league has a rule for this. It’s been a big factor in this series, the diving of Kovalev. He’s a gold medalist in diving.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2005, Olin Thompson, The Long Ride (Dean and Egan, the Story of Two Families; first volume), Bookwarren, page 27",
          "text": "The last man out had grabbed a half empty bottle off the counter near the door, two cowboys there had doven under a table to escape the bullets from them two crazy shooters.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Isabel Cole, transl., The Thing Which Fell From the Heavens, Tredition, translation of original by Gerd Maximovič",
          "text": "As soon as he had doven into the planet he had learned how to multiply his strength.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2015, LT Wulf, The World King; Book I: The Reckoning",
          "text": "I peekt up and lookt over where Badr had doven and he was already looking my way.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "dive"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "past participle of dive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dive",
          "dive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) past participle of dive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dovens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "doven (third-person singular simple present dovens, present participle dovening, simple past and past participle dovened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "daven"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1967, “The Good-Good Culture”, in John Cohen, editor, The Essential Lenny Bruce, Panther Books Ltd, published 1975, page 267",
          "text": "I vatched through the portholes as they would doven and chant / ‘Hey, mein Liebe, heyyyy.’",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1974, Jewish Life, page 12, column 2",
          "text": "We played at this intelligence base, and then dovened Maariv, again word by word.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, William Novak, Moshe Waldoks, editors, The Big Book of Jewish Humor, Collins, page 233",
          "text": "THERE once was a king, old and a little crazy, who summoned the Chief Rabbi of his kingdom. “Rabbi,” he said, “there’s one thing I’d like to see. I want you to teach my pet monkey how to doven.”",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2010, “Joshua (Joe) Gershman”, in Seemah C. Berson, editor, I Have a Story to Tell You, Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, page 178",
          "text": "They knew how to doven, to pray, but they didn’t understand what the heck they were reading. And some of them couldn’t doven either!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of daven"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "daven",
          "daven#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "dovendyr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "dofinn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dead"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse dofinn (“dead”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dovent",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnere",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnest",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovneste",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nb",
        "10": "dovnest",
        "11": "definite superlative",
        "12": "dovneste",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "neuter singular",
        "4": "dovent",
        "5": "definite singular and plural",
        "6": "dovne",
        "7": "comparative",
        "8": "dovnere",
        "9": "indefinite superlative"
      },
      "expansion": "doven (neuter singular dovent, definite singular and plural dovne, comparative dovnere, indefinite superlative dovnest, definite superlative dovneste)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
  "lang_code": "nb",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lazy (unwilling to work)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lazy",
          "lazy#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flat (e.g. beer)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flat",
          "flat#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "numb (limbs)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "numb",
          "numb#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "dovendyr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "dofinn",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dead"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse dofinn (“dead”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Norse dofinn (“dead”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dove",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovent",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovne",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "plural",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnare",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnast",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dovnaste",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "10": "dovnare",
        "11": "indefinite superlative",
        "12": "dovnast",
        "13": "definite superlative",
        "14": "dovnaste",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "neuter singular",
        "4": "dove",
        "5": "or",
        "6": "dovent",
        "7": "definite singular and plural",
        "8": "dovne",
        "9": "comparative"
      },
      "expansion": "doven (neuter singular dove or dovent, definite singular and plural dovne, comparative dovnare, indefinite superlative dovnast, definite superlative dovnaste)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
  "lang_code": "nn",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "lazy (unwilling to work)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lazy",
          "lazy#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "flat (e.g. beer)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flat",
          "flat#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "numb (limbs)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "numb",
          "numb#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "doven"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.