See chochoł on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chochoł meaning in All languages combined (31.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-17",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołk"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołk)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-17"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 8 6 12 1 20 7 12",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "dsb:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mound"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-dsb:mound",
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:mound"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hill, elevation"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-hzQQD0Lw",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kopcyk"
},
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, top of the hill"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-8k5k-fwA",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any rounded surface"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-7axhC~zq",
"links": [
[
"rounded",
"rounded"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"short, thick hair"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-DBUaE98E",
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "dsb:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 1 27 1 37 11 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 2 1 12 15 30 13 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "dsb:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-dsb:hair",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"hooves",
"hooves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:hair"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "dsb:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cap"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-RehGNbxI",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"cap",
"cap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) cap"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "dsb:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-dsb:crest",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:crest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chochoł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chochoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochoł m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!",
"dim": "chochołek"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animacy unattested (diminutive chochołek)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top, surface"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-zlw-opl-noun-Z8JrxZ5r",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chochołaty"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔ(ː)ɫ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxoɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "straw man",
"senseid": "straw man"
},
"expansion": "Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł, from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołek"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top, surface"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-Z8JrxZ5r",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) top, surface"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"high hairstyle, bun"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-jd6LFSR~",
"links": [
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"hairstyle",
"hairstyle"
],
[
"bun",
"bun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) high hairstyle, bun"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998 November 20, “Stawianie chochoła”, in Dziennik Polski, Kraków, →ISSN",
"roman": "After a two-year hiatus, yesterday, in Rydlówka, a rose bush was ceremonially covered with straw lagging again.",
"text": "Po dwuletniej przerwie wczoraj, w Rydlówce znowu uroczyście osłonięto słomianym chochołem krzak róży.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"jacket, lagging (straw covering of garden trees and shrubs for the winter)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:straw_covering",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"jacket",
"jacket"
],
[
"lagging",
"lagging"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw covering"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "otulina"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "W mendel idzie 14 snopków […], które się przykrywają chachołem […] snopem rozczapierzonym i opuszczonym w okap niby daszkiem.\nThere are 14 sheaves going into the mendel […] which are covered with a chachoł […] a sheaf splayed and lowered into the eaves like a canopy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"a sheaf covering from above stacked sheaves or beehives"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:sheaf_covering",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"stacked",
"stacked"
],
[
"sheaves",
"sheaves"
],
[
"beehive",
"beehive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:sheaf covering"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the last century, there were constant rains, the shepherds had straw covering on their heads instead of an umbrella.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "W zeszłym stuleciu były deszcze stałe, pastuchy miały chochoły ze słomy na głowach zamiast parasola.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-TlLNuDEZ",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shepherds",
"shepherds"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(regional) straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Ziemniaki, buraki […] obkładają równą słomą naokoło wbitego drąga, zostawiając z góry „chochu”, tj. otwór z równej słomy.\nPotatoes, beets […] cover with even straw around the driven pole, leaving a „chochu” in the top, i.e. a hole made of even straw.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"straw covered potato mound"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun--OBrcJbZ",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"covered",
"covered"
],
[
"potato",
"potato"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(regional) straw covered potato mound"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Scarecrow is made of straw and put in the field to make the birds afraid.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Chochoł to się robi ze słomy i stawia się w polu, żeby ptaki się bały.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"scarecrow"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-VZ3xwdrg",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"scarecrow",
"scarecrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(regional) scarecrow"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "pl:Logic",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Philosophy",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 3 2 6 16 25 0 1 0 0 7 0 0 14 0 16 0 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 5 3 8 12 19 3 3 1 1 7 3 1 10 2 9 1 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Thinking",
"orig": "pl:Thinking",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hundreds of thousands of debunked and derided chips in vaccines were apparently needed for something. They pile up a monstrous straw man, which then has to be refuted only to be built anew.",
"ref": "2021 December 28, Jan Maciejewski, “Chochoł antyszczepionkowca”, in Rzeczpospolita, →ISSN",
"text": "Setki tysięcy zdementowanych i obśmianych chipów w szczepionkach było widać do czegoś potrzebnych. Usypuje się z nich monstrualnych rozmiarów chochoła, którego następnie trzeba obalić tylko po to, żeby zbudować go od nowa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw man argument"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:straw_man",
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"straw man",
"straw man"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, logic) straw man argument"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw man"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sofizmat rozszerzenia"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tip, peak, summit"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-k2hzC2jq",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) tip, peak, summit"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top of a tied bag"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-HsRo6bB6",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"tied",
"tied"
],
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) top of a tied bag"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Cabbage often has empty heads or grows into bunch",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Kapusta często ma puste głowy albo wyrasta w chochoły",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mohawk (spiky hair)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-0cNQHrL-",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"mohawk",
"mohawk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) mohawk (spiky hair)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sukmana had a red collar.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Sukmana miała czerwony chachoł.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collar"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-ikaFSSbl",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"collar",
"collar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) collar"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"specter, phantom"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-3VB4WxuU",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"specter",
"specter"
],
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) specter, phantom"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pzo1DUn0",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"gale",
"gale"
],
[
"hurricane",
"hurricane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whirlwind"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-8hBaJwCo",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"whirlwind",
"whirlwind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) whirlwind"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"big snowflake"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-fLaG6Cqf",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"snowflake",
"snowflake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) big snowflake"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chochół"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "chochol"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "straw man",
"senseid": "straw man"
},
"expansion": "Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł, from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"roman": "In the past, some wrapped themselves in straw, and these were called chochoły.",
"text": "Dawniej owijali się niektórzy w słomę i tych zwano chochołami.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masquerader wrapped in straw during Shrovetide"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-KthKyi-j",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"masquerader",
"masquerader"
],
[
"wrapped",
"wrapped"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"during",
"during"
],
[
"Shrovetide",
"Shrovetide"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) masquerader wrapped in straw during Shrovetide"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chochłaty"
},
{
"word": "chocholi"
},
{
"word": "chochołaty"
},
{
"word": "Chocholec"
},
{
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chochół"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "chochol"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "orv",
"3": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "хохо́л",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian хохо́л (xoxól)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "хохо́л",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chachoł"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chachoł",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól). Doublet of chachoł.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "chochoły",
"accp": "chochoły"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish ethnic slurs",
"parents": [
"Ethnic slurs",
"Offensive terms",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 4 3 2 2 2 13 2 1 8 0 4 2 1 4 8 16 0 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 4 3 2 2 5 15 3 2 5 0 4 2 1 4 6 20 0 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 4 3 2 2 3 12 2 1 7 0 4 2 1 4 7 22 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 4 3 2 2 3 12 2 1 7 0 4 2 1 4 7 21 0 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 0 3",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ukraine",
"orig": "pl:Ukraine",
"parents": [
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 4 2 2 2 3 9 1 2 10 1 4 1 1 3 9 14 1 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Soricomorphs",
"orig": "pl:Soricomorphs",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who is this mysterious khokhol? He is a Ukrainian, but completely Russified. He speaks Ukrainian very well, often mutilates Russian mercilessly, but prefers not to admit that he is Ukrainian. He prefers to call himself and be called a khokhol.",
"ref": "1976, Władysław Bukowiński, “Wspomnienia przyjaciół”, in Kultura, volume 11, →ISSN",
"text": "Któż to jest ów zagadkowy chochoł? Jest to Ukrainiec, ale całkowicie zruszczony. Mówi on bardzo dobrze po ukraińsku, często niemiłosiernie kaleczy język rosyjski, ale woli się nie przyznawać do tego, że jest Ukraińcem. Woli się sam nazywać i być nazywanym chochołem.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-bdf4njdp",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"khokhol",
"khokhol"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, ethnic slur) khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chachoł"
},
{
"word": "ukr"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"masculine",
"person",
"slur"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The columnists drew up a work plan for themselves: […] to mock Zionism, to mock shirkers and men from under the beer stall.",
"ref": "2004 January 29, Maciej Radwan-Rybiński, “Kto z kim, kiedy i dlaczego?”, in Dziennik Polski - Magazyn",
"text": "Felietoniści sporządzali sobie plan pracy: […] pognębić syjonizm, wyszydzać bumelantów i chochołów spod budki z piwem.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-SLZ24rEH",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) man"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вы́хухоль"
},
"expansion": "Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"desman (any insectivore of the tribe Desmanini)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:desman",
"links": [
[
"desman",
"desman"
],
[
"Desmanini",
"Desmanini#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:desman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "desman"
},
{
"word": "wychuchol"
},
{
"word": "chochuł"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian inanimate nouns",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian masculine nouns",
"Lower Sorbian nouns",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"dsb:Hair",
"dsb:Landforms",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Thinking",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-17",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołk"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołk)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-17"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mound"
],
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:mound"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hill, elevation"
],
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kopcyk"
},
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, top of the hill"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any rounded surface"
],
"links": [
[
"rounded",
"rounded"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"short, thick hair"
],
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"dsb:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"hooves",
"hooves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:hair"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"dsb:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"cap"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"cap",
"cap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) cap"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"dsb:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:crest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Thinking",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chochoł",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chochoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochoł m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!",
"dim": "chochołek"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animacy unattested (diminutive chochołek)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chochołaty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"top, surface"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔ(ː)ɫ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxoɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish semantic loans from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw/2 syllables",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Thinking",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "straw man",
"senseid": "straw man"
},
"expansion": "Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł, from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołek"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"top, surface"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) top, surface"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"high hairstyle, bun"
],
"links": [
[
"high",
"high"
],
[
"hairstyle",
"hairstyle"
],
[
"bun",
"bun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) high hairstyle, bun"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998 November 20, “Stawianie chochoła”, in Dziennik Polski, Kraków, →ISSN",
"roman": "After a two-year hiatus, yesterday, in Rydlówka, a rose bush was ceremonially covered with straw lagging again.",
"text": "Po dwuletniej przerwie wczoraj, w Rydlówce znowu uroczyście osłonięto słomianym chochołem krzak róży.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"jacket, lagging (straw covering of garden trees and shrubs for the winter)"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"jacket",
"jacket"
],
[
"lagging",
"lagging"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw covering"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "otulina"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "W mendel idzie 14 snopków […], które się przykrywają chachołem […] snopem rozczapierzonym i opuszczonym w okap niby daszkiem.\nThere are 14 sheaves going into the mendel […] which are covered with a chachoł […] a sheaf splayed and lowered into the eaves like a canopy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"a sheaf covering from above stacked sheaves or beehives"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"stacked",
"stacked"
],
[
"sheaves",
"sheaves"
],
[
"beehive",
"beehive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:sheaf covering"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Regional Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In the last century, there were constant rains, the shepherds had straw covering on their heads instead of an umbrella.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "W zeszłym stuleciu były deszcze stałe, pastuchy miały chochoły ze słomy na głowach zamiast parasola.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shepherds",
"shepherds"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(regional) straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Regional Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Ziemniaki, buraki […] obkładają równą słomą naokoło wbitego drąga, zostawiając z góry „chochu”, tj. otwór z równej słomy.\nPotatoes, beets […] cover with even straw around the driven pole, leaving a „chochu” in the top, i.e. a hole made of even straw.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"straw covered potato mound"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"covered",
"covered"
],
[
"potato",
"potato"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(regional) straw covered potato mound"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Regional Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Scarecrow is made of straw and put in the field to make the birds afraid.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Chochoł to się robi ze słomy i stawia się w polu, żeby ptaki się bały.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"scarecrow"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"scarecrow",
"scarecrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(regional) scarecrow"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"pl:Logic"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hundreds of thousands of debunked and derided chips in vaccines were apparently needed for something. They pile up a monstrous straw man, which then has to be refuted only to be built anew.",
"ref": "2021 December 28, Jan Maciejewski, “Chochoł antyszczepionkowca”, in Rzeczpospolita, →ISSN",
"text": "Setki tysięcy zdementowanych i obśmianych chipów w szczepionkach było widać do czegoś potrzebnych. Usypuje się z nich monstrualnych rozmiarów chochoła, którego następnie trzeba obalić tylko po to, żeby zbudować go od nowa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw man argument"
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"straw man",
"straw man"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, logic) straw man argument"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw man"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sofizmat rozszerzenia"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"tip, peak, summit"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) tip, peak, summit"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"top of a tied bag"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"tied",
"tied"
],
[
"bag",
"bag"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) top of a tied bag"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Regional Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Cabbage often has empty heads or grows into bunch",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Kapusta często ma puste głowy albo wyrasta w chochoły",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mohawk (spiky hair)"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"mohawk",
"mohawk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) mohawk (spiky hair)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Regional Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The sukmana had a red collar.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"text": "Sukmana miała czerwony chachoł.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"collar"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"collar",
"collar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) collar"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"specter, phantom"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"specter",
"specter"
],
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) specter, phantom"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"gale",
"gale"
],
[
"hurricane",
"hurricane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"whirlwind"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"whirlwind",
"whirlwind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) whirlwind"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"big snowflake"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"snowflake",
"snowflake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) big snowflake"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chochół"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "chochol"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish semantic loans from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw/2 syllables",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Thinking",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "straw man",
"senseid": "straw man"
},
"expansion": "Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł, from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from English straw man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chochłaty"
},
{
"word": "chocholi"
},
{
"word": "chochołaty"
},
{
"word": "Chocholec"
},
{
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Regional Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), pages 597–598",
"roman": "In the past, some wrapped themselves in straw, and these were called chochoły.",
"text": "Dawniej owijali się niektórzy w słomę i tych zwano chochołami.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masquerader wrapped in straw during Shrovetide"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"masquerader",
"masquerader"
],
[
"wrapped",
"wrapped"
],
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"during",
"during"
],
[
"Shrovetide",
"Shrovetide"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) masquerader wrapped in straw during Shrovetide"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chochół"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "chochol"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Polish terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Russian",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw/2 syllables",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Thinking",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "orv",
"3": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "хохо́л",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian хохо́л (xoxól)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "хохо́л",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chachoł"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chachoł",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól). Doublet of chachoł.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "chochoły",
"accp": "chochoły"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish ethnic slurs",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who is this mysterious khokhol? He is a Ukrainian, but completely Russified. He speaks Ukrainian very well, often mutilates Russian mercilessly, but prefers not to admit that he is Ukrainian. He prefers to call himself and be called a khokhol.",
"ref": "1976, Władysław Bukowiński, “Wspomnienia przyjaciół”, in Kultura, volume 11, →ISSN",
"text": "Któż to jest ów zagadkowy chochoł? Jest to Ukrainiec, ale całkowicie zruszczony. Mówi on bardzo dobrze po ukraińsku, często niemiłosiernie kaleczy język rosyjski, ale woli się nie przyznawać do tego, że jest Ukraińcem. Woli się sam nazywać i być nazywanym chochołem.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"khokhol",
"khokhol"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, ethnic slur) khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chachoł"
},
{
"word": "ukr"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"masculine",
"person",
"slur"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The columnists drew up a work plan for themselves: […] to mock Zionism, to mock shirkers and men from under the beer stall.",
"ref": "2004 January 29, Maciej Radwan-Rybiński, “Kto z kim, kiedy i dlaczego?”, in Dziennik Polski - Magazyn",
"text": "Felietoniści sporządzali sobie plan pracy: […] pognębić syjonizm, wyszydzać bumelantów i chochołów spod budki z piwem.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"man",
"man"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) man"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw/2 syllables",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Thinking",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вы́хухоль"
},
"expansion": "Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"desman (any insectivore of the tribe Desmanini)"
],
"links": [
[
"desman",
"desman"
],
[
"Desmanini",
"Desmanini#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:desman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "desman"
},
{
"word": "wychuchol"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chochuł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.