See chochoł on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-17",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołk"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołk)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-17"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 7 5 13 1 25 7 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "dsb:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mound"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-dsb:mound",
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:mound"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hill, elevation"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-hzQQD0Lw",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kopcyk"
},
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, top of the hill"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-8k5k-fwA",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 7 5 13 1 25 7 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "dsb:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any rounded surface"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-7axhC~zq",
"links": [
[
"rounded",
"rounded"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"short, thick hair"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-DBUaE98E",
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "dsb:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 1 23 1 37 12 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 7 1 14 4 6 1 2 4 2 2 4 5 5 10 1 2 2 1 6 12 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 10 0 17 4 6 1 1 4 1 1 4 3 6 11 1 1 1 0 4 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 1 13 14 37 14 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "dsb:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 7 5 13 1 25 7 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "dsb:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-dsb:hair",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"hooves",
"hooves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:hair"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "dsb:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cap"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-RehGNbxI",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"cap",
"cap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) cap"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "dsb:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 7 5 13 1 25 7 13",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "dsb:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-dsb-noun-dsb:crest",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:crest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chochołaty"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chochołek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chochoł",
"alts": "1",
"id": "upper part or straw"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chochoł, chochół, chochol (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chochoł, chochół, chochol (Middle Polish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1440"
},
"expansion": "1440",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1440"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1440",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ. First attested in 1440.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochoł m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [1463], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 12:",
"text": "Chochol caput",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top, surface"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-zlw-opl-noun-Z8JrxZ5r",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1440, rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza z rękopisu znajdującego się w zbiorach Biblioteki Klasztornej oo. Paulinów na Jasnej Górze pod sygn. II 25 z r. 1444, page 149r:",
"text": "Lerepipium id est liripipium vlg. chochol",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 63v:",
"text": "Capucipendium id est cauda capucii proprie chochol lliripium aliud",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[XV p. post.], rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza w rkpsie Biblioteki Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich we Lwowie, obecnie we Wrocławiu, o sygn. 381, z r. 1457, page 45ra:",
"text": "Capucipendium id est cauda capucii proprie chochol liripicium aliud",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1463, Wokabularz petersburski VII, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.I.100, page 12:",
"text": "*Caput chochol",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanging decoration of a hood"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-zlw-opl-noun-CAK0kEkN",
"links": [
[
"hanging",
"hanging"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
],
[
"hood",
"hood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔ(ː)ɫ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxoɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "upper part or straw"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "straw man",
"senseid": "straw man"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English straw man",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English straw man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochół",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołek"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "After a two-year hiatus, yesterday, in Rydlówka, a rose bush was ceremonially covered with straw lagging again.",
"ref": "1998 November 20, “Stawianie chochoła”, in Dziennik Polski, Kraków, →ISSN:",
"text": "Po dwuletniej przerwie wczoraj, w Rydlówce znowu uroczyście osłonięto słomianym chochołem krzak róży.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"jacket, lagging (straw covering of garden trees and shrubs for the winter)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:straw_covering",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"jacket",
"jacket"
],
[
"lagging",
"lagging"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw covering"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "otulina"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There are 14 sheaves going into the mendel […] which are covered with a chachoł […] a sheaf splayed and lowered into the eaves like a canopy.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), →ISBN, pages 597–598:",
"text": "W mendel idzie 14 snopków […], które się przykrywają chachołem […] snopem rozczapierzonym i opuszczonym w okap niby daszkiem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"sheaf covering from above stacked sheaves or beehives"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:sheaf_covering",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"stacked",
"stacked"
],
[
"sheaves",
"sheaves"
],
[
"beehive",
"beehive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:sheaf covering"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-TlLNuDEZ",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shepherds",
"shepherds"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(obsolete) straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"potato mound (hole covered with straw in a mound where potatoes are stored)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-Mrc4QLQp",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"potato",
"potato"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(obsolete) potato mound (hole covered with straw in a mound where potatoes are stored)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "pl:Logic",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Philosophy",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 8 39 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 25 4 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hundreds of thousands of debunked and derided chips in vaccines were apparently needed for something. They pile up a monstrous straw man, which then has to be refuted only to be built anew.",
"ref": "2021 December 28, Jan Maciejewski, “Chochoł antyszczepionkowca”, in Rzeczpospolita, →ISSN:",
"text": "Setki tysięcy zdementowanych i obśmianych chipów w szczepionkach było widać do czegoś potrzebnych. Usypuje się z nich monstrualnych rozmiarów chochoła, którego następnie trzeba obalić tylko po to, żeby zbudować go od nowa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw man argument"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:straw_man",
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"straw man",
"straw man"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, logic) straw man argument"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw man"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sofizmat rozszerzenia"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-oqa7MVc7",
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 10 0 17 4 6 1 1 4 1 1 4 3 6 11 1 1 1 0 4 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 2 4 7 10 26 1 2 2 1 4 20 2 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "pl:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)",
"bun (feminine hairstyle in the form of a twisted braid or hair, piled up and tapering upwards)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-iTlYUXHM",
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
],
[
"bun",
"bun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)",
"(Middle Polish) bun (feminine hairstyle in the form of a twisted braid or hair, piled up and tapering upwards)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kok"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "pl:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"peak (sharply ended roof on a belfry, tower, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-39Udki20",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, architecture) peak (sharply ended roof on a belfry, tower, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Przemyśl Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top sheaf (highest sheaf in a pile of fifteen sheaves (mendel))"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-k~~7GUY9",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"mendel",
"mendel#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialectal, Przemyśl) top sheaf (highest sheaf in a pile of fifteen sheaves (mendel))"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pzo1DUn0",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"gale",
"gale"
],
[
"hurricane",
"hurricane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"tip"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-lzgBh6h4",
"links": [
[
"tip",
"tip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) tip"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czub"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fishing",
"orig": "pl:Fishing",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bait grain (bundle of grain for bait)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-8wpUxKkS",
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"bait",
"bait"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, fishing) bait grain (bundle of grain for bait)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxɔ.xɔɫ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "khokhol"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "orv",
"3": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "хохо́л"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chachoł"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chachoł",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól). Doublet of chachoł.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "chochoły",
"accp": "chochoły"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish ethnic slurs",
"parents": [
"Ethnic slurs",
"Offensive terms",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 7 1 14 4 6 1 2 4 2 2 4 5 5 10 1 2 2 1 6 12 1 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 0 10 0 17 4 6 1 1 4 1 1 4 3 6 11 1 1 1 0 4 15 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 3 6 16 7 14 1 2 2 0 6 23 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 2 4 17 5 11 1 2 3 0 5 23 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 7 2 4 14 5 13 1 3 2 0 5 29 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 2 4 14 5 13 1 3 2 0 5 27 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 2 6 7 6 16 2 4 2 1 5 33 2 7",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Ukraine",
"orig": "pl:Ukraine",
"parents": [
"Countries",
"Countries in Europe",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Europe",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 2 6 8 8 17 1 1 1 1 6 28 3 8",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Soricomorphs",
"orig": "pl:Soricomorphs",
"parents": [
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who is this mysterious khokhol? He is a Ukrainian, but completely Russified. He speaks Ukrainian very well, often mutilates Russian mercilessly, but prefers not to admit that he is Ukrainian. He prefers to call himself and be called a khokhol.",
"ref": "1976, Władysław Bukowiński, “Wspomnienia przyjaciół”, in Kultura, volume 11, →ISSN:",
"text": "Któż to jest ów zagadkowy chochoł? Jest to Ukrainiec, ale całkowicie zruszczony. Mówi on bardzo dobrze po ukraińsku, często niemiłosiernie kaleczy język rosyjski, ale woli się nie przyznawać do tego, że jest Ukraińcem. Woli się sam nazywać i być nazywanym chochołem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-bdf4njdp",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"khokhol",
"khokhol"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, ethnic slur) khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chachoł"
},
{
"word": "ukr"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"masculine",
"person",
"slur"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The columnists drew up a work plan for themselves: […] to mock Zionism, to mock shirkers and men from under the beer stall.",
"ref": "2004 January 29, Maciej Radwan-Rybiński, “Kto z kim, kiedy i dlaczego?”, in Dziennik Polski - Magazyn:",
"text": "Felietoniści sporządzali sobie plan pracy: […] pognębić syjonizm, wyszydzać bumelantów i chochołów spod budki z piwem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jerk (man for whom the speaker feels contempt or disdain)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-388-If2J",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"jerk",
"jerk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) jerk (man for whom the speaker feels contempt or disdain)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxɔ.xɔɫ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "desman"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вы́хухоль"
},
"expansion": "Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"desman (any insectivore of the tribe Desmanini)"
],
"id": "en-chochoł-pl-noun-pl:desman",
"links": [
[
"desman",
"desman"
],
[
"Desmanini",
"Wikispecies:Desmanini"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:desman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "desman"
},
{
"word": "wychuchol"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxɔ.xɔɫ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian inanimate nouns",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian masculine nouns",
"Lower Sorbian nouns",
"Lower Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Lower Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"dsb:Hair",
"dsb:Landforms",
"pl:Hair",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołk",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-17",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołk"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołk)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-17"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mound"
],
"links": [
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:mound"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hill, elevation"
],
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kopcyk"
},
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, top of the hill"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any rounded surface"
],
"links": [
[
"rounded",
"rounded"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"short, thick hair"
],
"links": [
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"dsb:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"hooves",
"hooves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) long hair above the hooves of the horse's front legs"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:hair"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"dsb:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"cap"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"cap",
"cap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) cap"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"dsb:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) crest, feathers protruding from the bird's head"
],
"senseid": [
"dsb:crest"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chochołk"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with homophones",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"pl:Hair",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chochołaty"
},
{
"word": "chochołek"
},
{
"word": "Chochoł"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chochoł",
"alts": "1",
"id": "upper part or straw"
},
"expansion": "Polish: chochoł, chochół, chochol (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: chochoł, chochół, chochol (Middle Polish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xoxolъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1440"
},
"expansion": "1440",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1440"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1440",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xoxolъ. First attested in 1440.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochoł m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1885-2024 [1463], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors, Prace Filologiczne, volume V, page 12:",
"text": "Chochol caput",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top, surface"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1440, rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza z rękopisu znajdującego się w zbiorach Biblioteki Klasztornej oo. Paulinów na Jasnej Górze pod sygn. II 25 z r. 1444, page 149r:",
"text": "Lerepipium id est liripipium vlg. chochol",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1442, Wokabularz Raczyńskich, Biblioteki Raczyńskich w Poznaniu, sygn. 1360/I, page 63v:",
"text": "Capucipendium id est cauda capucii proprie chochol lliripium aliud",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[XV p. post.], rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza w rkpsie Biblioteki Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossolińskich we Lwowie, obecnie we Wrocławiu, o sygn. 381, z r. 1457, page 45ra:",
"text": "Capucipendium id est cauda capucii proprie chochol liripicium aliud",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1463, Wokabularz petersburski VII, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.I.100, page 12:",
"text": "*Caput chochol",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hanging decoration of a hood"
],
"links": [
[
"hanging",
"hanging"
],
[
"decoration",
"decoration"
],
[
"hood",
"hood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔ(ː)ɫ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxɔɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/xɔxoɫ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish semantic loans from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw/2 syllables",
"pl:Hair",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "upper part or straw"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "chochoł"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "straw man",
"senseid": "straw man"
},
"expansion": "Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English straw man",
"name": "sl"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish chochoł. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English straw man.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chochołek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochół",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochol",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "chochołek"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m inan (diminutive chochołek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "a"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "After a two-year hiatus, yesterday, in Rydlówka, a rose bush was ceremonially covered with straw lagging again.",
"ref": "1998 November 20, “Stawianie chochoła”, in Dziennik Polski, Kraków, →ISSN:",
"text": "Po dwuletniej przerwie wczoraj, w Rydlówce znowu uroczyście osłonięto słomianym chochołem krzak róży.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"jacket, lagging (straw covering of garden trees and shrubs for the winter)"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"jacket",
"jacket"
],
[
"lagging",
"lagging"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw covering"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "otulina"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There are 14 sheaves going into the mendel […] which are covered with a chachoł […] a sheaf splayed and lowered into the eaves like a canopy.",
"ref": "1991, Jerzy Reichan, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Słownik gwar polskich, volume 3 (9), →ISBN, pages 597–598:",
"text": "W mendel idzie 14 snopków […], które się przykrywają chachołem […] snopem rozczapierzonym i opuszczonym w okap niby daszkiem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"sheaf covering from above stacked sheaves or beehives"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"stacked",
"stacked"
],
[
"sheaves",
"sheaves"
],
[
"beehive",
"beehive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:sheaf covering"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"shepherds",
"shepherds"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(obsolete) straw covering used by shepherds"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"straw construction",
"potato mound (hole covered with straw in a mound where potatoes are stored)"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"construction",
"construction"
],
[
"potato",
"potato"
],
[
"mound",
"mound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"straw construction",
"(obsolete) potato mound (hole covered with straw in a mound where potatoes are stored)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations",
"pl:Logic"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Hundreds of thousands of debunked and derided chips in vaccines were apparently needed for something. They pile up a monstrous straw man, which then has to be refuted only to be built anew.",
"ref": "2021 December 28, Jan Maciejewski, “Chochoł antyszczepionkowca”, in Rzeczpospolita, →ISSN:",
"text": "Setki tysięcy zdementowanych i obśmianych chipów w szczepionkach było widać do czegoś potrzebnych. Usypuje się z nich monstrualnych rozmiarów chochoła, którego następnie trzeba obalić tylko po to, żeby zbudować go od nowa.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"straw man argument"
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"straw man",
"straw man"
],
[
"argument",
"argument"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, logic) straw man argument"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:straw man"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sofizmat rozszerzenia"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)"
],
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)",
"bun (feminine hairstyle in the form of a twisted braid or hair, piled up and tapering upwards)"
],
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
],
[
"bun",
"bun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) tuft (protruding tuft of hair or feathers on the head; lock of hair, tall hairstyle)",
"(Middle Polish) bun (feminine hairstyle in the form of a twisted braid or hair, piled up and tapering upwards)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kok"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Architecture"
],
"glosses": [
"peak (sharply ended roof on a belfry, tower, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, architecture) peak (sharply ended roof on a belfry, tower, etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Przemyśl Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"top sheaf (highest sheaf in a pile of fifteen sheaves (mendel))"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"sheaf",
"sheaf"
],
[
"mendel",
"mendel#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or dialectal, Przemyśl) top sheaf (highest sheaf in a pile of fifteen sheaves (mendel))"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"gale",
"gale"
],
[
"hurricane",
"hurricane"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) strong wind, gale, hurricane"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"tip"
],
"links": [
[
"tip",
"tip"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) tip"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "czub"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Fishing"
],
"glosses": [
"bait grain (bundle of grain for bait)"
],
"links": [
[
"fishing",
"fishing#Noun"
],
[
"bait",
"bait"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, fishing) bait grain (bundle of grain for bait)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"fishing",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxɔ.xɔɫ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Polish terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Russian",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw/2 syllables",
"pl:Hair",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "khokhol"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "orv",
"3": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ru",
"3": "хохо́л"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chachoł"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of chachoł",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian хохо́л (xoxól). Doublet of chachoł.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chocho",
"2": "ł",
"3": "chochoły",
"accp": "chochoły"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish ethnic slurs",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Who is this mysterious khokhol? He is a Ukrainian, but completely Russified. He speaks Ukrainian very well, often mutilates Russian mercilessly, but prefers not to admit that he is Ukrainian. He prefers to call himself and be called a khokhol.",
"ref": "1976, Władysław Bukowiński, “Wspomnienia przyjaciół”, in Kultura, volume 11, →ISSN:",
"text": "Któż to jest ów zagadkowy chochoł? Jest to Ukrainiec, ale całkowicie zruszczony. Mówi on bardzo dobrze po ukraińsku, często niemiłosiernie kaleczy język rosyjski, ale woli się nie przyznawać do tego, że jest Ukraińcem. Woli się sam nazywać i być nazywanym chochołem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"khokhol",
"khokhol"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, ethnic slur) khokhol (Ukrainian person)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chachoł"
},
{
"word": "ukr"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"ethnic",
"masculine",
"person",
"slur"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish derogatory terms",
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The columnists drew up a work plan for themselves: […] to mock Zionism, to mock shirkers and men from under the beer stall.",
"ref": "2004 January 29, Maciej Radwan-Rybiński, “Kto z kim, kiedy i dlaczego?”, in Dziennik Polski - Magazyn:",
"text": "Felietoniści sporządzali sobie plan pracy: […] pognębić syjonizm, wyszydzać bumelantów i chochołów spod budki z piwem.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"jerk (man for whom the speaker feels contempt or disdain)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"jerk",
"jerk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory) jerk (man for whom the speaker feels contempt or disdain)"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxɔ.xɔɫ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔxɔw/2 syllables",
"pl:Hair",
"pl:People",
"pl:Soricomorphs",
"pl:Ukraine"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "desman"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "вы́хухоль"
},
"expansion": "Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Russian вы́хухоль (výxuxolʹ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoła",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chochołach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chochole",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "chochoły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "chochoł m animal",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cho‧choł"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (tribe)"
],
"glosses": [
"desman (any insectivore of the tribe Desmanini)"
],
"links": [
[
"desman",
"desman"
],
[
"Desmanini",
"Wikispecies:Desmanini"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pl:desman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "desman"
},
{
"word": "wychuchol"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xɔɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈxɔ.xoɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈxɔ.xɔɫ]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔxɔw"
},
{
"homophone": "Chochoł"
}
],
"word": "chochoł"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chochoł meaning in All languages combined (26.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'chochoł m animacy unattested' in 'chochoł m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"chochoł"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chochoł",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: obsolete or dialectal, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"chochoł"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chochoł",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: obsolete or dialectal, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"chochoł"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chochoł",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.