See chiaroscuro on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chiaroscuro meaning in All languages combined (26.0kB)
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "contrast"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chiaroscurist"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "chiaroscuro"
},
"expansion": "Italian chiaroscuro",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "chiaro",
"t": "clear, bright"
},
"expansion": "chiaro (“clear, bright”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "oscuro",
"t": "dark, obscure"
},
"expansion": "oscuro (“dark, obscure”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-17th century, borrowed from Italian chiaroscuro, from chiaro (“clear, bright”) + oscuro (“dark, obscure”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chiaroscuros",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chiaroscuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "s",
"3": "chiaroscuri"
},
"expansion": "chiaroscuro (countable and uncountable, plural chiaroscuros or chiaroscuri)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Painting",
"orig": "en:Painting",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 26 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume."
],
"id": "en-chiaroscuro-en-noun-2S4pCSHc",
"links": [
[
"painting",
"painting#Noun"
],
[
"technique",
"technique"
],
[
"Renaissance",
"Renaissance"
],
[
"contrast",
"contrast"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
]
],
"qualifier": "painting",
"raw_glosses": [
"(painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-jalaʔ waalqutma",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اَلْجَلْاَء وَاَلْقُتْمَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lusastver",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "լուսաստվեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarescuru"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "argi-ilun"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "svjatlacjénʹ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "святлаце́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sklêrijenn deñval"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sklaer-ha-teñval"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svétlosjánka",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "све́тлося́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarobscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "明暗對照法"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míng'àn duìzhào fǎ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "明暗对照法"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šerosvit"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clair-obscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "klarobskuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "valohämy"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clair-obscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clâr e scûr"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarescuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šukčrdili",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "შუქჩრდილი"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Helldunkelmalerei"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Clair-obscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fotoskíasi",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φωτοσκίαση"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skiofotismós",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκιοφωτισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kiaroskoúro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κιαροσκούρο"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kiyaroskúro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קִיָארוֹסְקָוּרוֹ"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "klar-obskuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gealdorcha"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiarosukūro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "キアロスクーロ"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"alt": "めいあんほう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meianhō",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "明暗法"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"alt": "いんえいほう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "in'eihō",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "陰影法"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "säule men köleñke",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "сәуле мен көлеңке"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kiaroseukuro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "키아로스쿠로"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "myeong'ambeop",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "명암법"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "rohn û tarîtî"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiaroskuras"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kjellerlys"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clair-obscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarescur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâye-rowšan",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "سایهروشن"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kiyâroskuro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "کیاروسکورو"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ciàir-ëscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "światłocień"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "claro-escuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fuscalvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clarobscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clar-obscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kʹjaroskúro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кьяроску́ро"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svetoténʹ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "светоте́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "киароскуро"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kjaroskuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscúro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "claroscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klärobskyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "clairobscur"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ljusdunkel"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "klaroskuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "rüšnoyiyu tiragī",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "рӯшноию тирагӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "ciyārōskiyūrō",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "சியாரோஸ்கியூரோ"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kâa-dtàang-sɛ̌ɛng",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "ค่าต่างแสง"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "ışık gölge"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "aşık koyu"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "ýagtylyk-kölege"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 17 16 20",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "svitlotínʹ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "світлоті́нь"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Painting",
"orig": "en:Painting",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 26 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A monochrome picture made by using several different shades of the same color."
],
"id": "en-chiaroscuro-en-noun-BdIehQ0p",
"links": [
[
"painting",
"painting#Noun"
],
[
"monochrome",
"monochrome"
],
[
"shade",
"shade"
]
],
"qualifier": "painting",
"raw_glosses": [
"(painting) A monochrome picture made by using several different shades of the same color."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "en:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woodcut technique in which several woodcut blocks are used to print different shades of a color, or a woodcut print made by this technique."
],
"id": "en-chiaroscuro-en-noun-2VT1rJTB",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"woodcut",
"woodcut"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(art) A woodcut technique in which several woodcut blocks are used to print different shades of a color, or a woodcut print made by this technique."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Photography",
"orig": "en:Photography",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Human activity",
"Media",
"Culture",
"Human behaviour",
"Communication",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 26 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A photographic technique in which one side of the subject, for example a face, is well lit and the other is in shadow."
],
"id": "en-chiaroscuro-en-noun-7MT9jur4",
"links": [
[
"photography",
"photography"
],
[
"lit",
"lit"
],
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(photography) A photographic technique in which one side of the subject, for example a face, is well lit and the other is in shadow."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Rembrandt lighting"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"photography"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɪˌɑːɹəˈskʊəɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkjɑɹəˈsk(j)ʊɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"other": "/ˌkjɒɹəˈskuɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊəɹəʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊɹəʊ"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg",
"audio-ipa": "/ˌkjɒɹəˈskuɹoʊ/",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg/En-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chiaro-oscuro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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"ref": "1913, The Saturday Evening Post - Volume 185, Issue 7, page 21",
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"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1962, Charles Neider, The frozen sea: a study of Franz Kafka, page 90",
"text": "It is cruder than the others, more graphic, less chiaroscuro.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Archeologia classica - Volumes 22-23, page 56",
"text": "A somewhat \" chiaroscuro \" effect, which imparts a strong feeling of rotundity to the bronze helmet, is achieved by the artist's bold use of broad hatching along its upper contours.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983 -, Max Davidson, The Wolf, page 68",
"text": "'Rome's a very chiaroscuro city, I've always thought,' said Tom Richardson eventually, sensing that the lull in the conversation was going to be a protracted one.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1984, Francesca Stanfill, Shadows and light",
"text": "I heard them discussing painting, and the two pictures Veronique had purchased from Allegra's sale: a haunting nude, very chiaroscuro, and another — more colorful and enigmatic — of a woman before a screen, holding an Oriental mask.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, American Cinematographer - Volume 74, page 55",
"text": "To minimize the problem, we used dark skies, very chiaroscuro lighting, and decided that the whole film would take place at night.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, The Absolute Sound - Volume 19, Issues 95-98, page 111",
"text": "HP, however, preferred the more chiaroscuro quality of the original CD.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, Frank Waters, The Lizard Woman, page 3",
"text": "A very chiaroscuro sort of man he was, arm on balcony, staring down into the dusty street below.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Gerd Gemünden, Mary R. Desjardins, Dietrich Icon, page 265",
"text": "At times the image is so chiaroscuro as to be nearly illegible, such that one can only imagine the discussions between Lang and the Technicolor advisors.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, P.L. Hawks, I Love Paris",
"text": "The shooting bright light from the outside contrasted sharply from the coal black shadows of the interior giving the compound a very chiaroscuro quality.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 November, N. K. Jemisin, Mac Walters, chapter 15, in Mass Effect Andromeda: Initiation, 1st edition (Science Fiction), Titan Books, →OCLC, page 275",
"text": "Overhead lights swung wildly around the hole that it had burned through the ceiling. The very walls were warping from heat near the craft, metal panels peeling apart and some of the exposed wiring smoldering or outright aflame. Heat-waves rippled around the room’s camera array, and the white-hot gas that curled up from underneath the shuttle made shadows in the darkened, fiery chamber flicker in stark chiaroscuro.",
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{
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"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-jalaʔ waalqutma",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اَلْجَلْاَء وَاَلْقُتْمَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "lusastver",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "լուսաստվեր"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarescuru"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "argi-ilun"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "svjatlacjénʹ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "святлаце́нь"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sklêrijenn deñval"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sklaer-ha-teñval"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svétlosjánka",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "све́тлося́нка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarobscur"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "明暗對照法"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míng'àn duìzhào fǎ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "明暗对照法"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šerosvit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clair-obscur"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "klarobskuro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "valohämy"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clair-obscur"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clâr e scûr"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarescuro"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šukčrdili",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "შუქჩრდილი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Helldunkelmalerei"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Clair-obscur"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "fotoskíasi",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φωτοσκίαση"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skiofotismós",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "σκιοφωτισμός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kiaroskoúro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κιαροσκούρο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kiyaroskúro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קִיָארוֹסְקָוּרוֹ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "klar-obskuro"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gealdorcha"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kiarosukūro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "キアロスクーロ"
},
{
"alt": "めいあんほう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meianhō",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "明暗法"
},
{
"alt": "いんえいほう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "in'eihō",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "陰影法"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "säule men köleñke",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "сәуле мен көлеңке"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kiaroseukuro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "키아로스쿠로"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "myeong'ambeop",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "명암법"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "rohn û tarîtî"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kiaroskuras"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kjellerlys"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clair-obscur"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clarescur"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâye-rowšan",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "سایهروشن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kiyâroskuro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "کیاروسکورو"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ciàir-ëscur"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "światłocień"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "claro-escuro"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fuscalvo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clarobscur"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "clar-obscur"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kʹjaroskúro",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "кьяроску́ро"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svetoténʹ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "светоте́нь"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "киароскуро"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kjaroskuro"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiaroscúro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "claroscuro"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klärobskyr"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "clairobscur"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ljusdunkel"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "klaroskuro"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "rüšnoyiyu tiragī",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "рӯшноию тирагӣ"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "ciyārōskiyūrō",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "சியாரோஸ்கியூரோ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kâa-dtàang-sɛ̌ɛng",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "ค่าต่างแสง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "ışık gölge"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "aşık koyu"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"word": "ýagtylyk-kölege"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "svitlotínʹ",
"sense": "artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "світлоті́нь"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chiaroscuro"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English 5-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Italian",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəʊ",
"Rhymes:English/ʊəɹəʊ/5 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʊɹəʊ",
"Rhymes:English/ʊɹəʊ/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "chiaroscuro"
},
"expansion": "Italian chiaroscuro",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "chiaro",
"t": "clear, bright"
},
"expansion": "chiaro (“clear, bright”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "oscuro",
"t": "dark, obscure"
},
"expansion": "oscuro (“dark, obscure”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Mid-17th century, borrowed from Italian chiaroscuro, from chiaro (“clear, bright”) + oscuro (“dark, obscure”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more chiaroscuro",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most chiaroscuro",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chiaroscuro (comparative more chiaroscuro, superlative most chiaroscuro)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1913, The Saturday Evening Post - Volume 185, Issue 7, page 21",
"text": "It has been a very chiaroscuro day—lots of sunlight and shadow.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1962, Charles Neider, The frozen sea: a study of Franz Kafka, page 90",
"text": "It is cruder than the others, more graphic, less chiaroscuro.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1970, Archeologia classica - Volumes 22-23, page 56",
"text": "A somewhat \" chiaroscuro \" effect, which imparts a strong feeling of rotundity to the bronze helmet, is achieved by the artist's bold use of broad hatching along its upper contours.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983 -, Max Davidson, The Wolf, page 68",
"text": "'Rome's a very chiaroscuro city, I've always thought,' said Tom Richardson eventually, sensing that the lull in the conversation was going to be a protracted one.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1984, Francesca Stanfill, Shadows and light",
"text": "I heard them discussing painting, and the two pictures Veronique had purchased from Allegra's sale: a haunting nude, very chiaroscuro, and another — more colorful and enigmatic — of a woman before a screen, holding an Oriental mask.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, American Cinematographer - Volume 74, page 55",
"text": "To minimize the problem, we used dark skies, very chiaroscuro lighting, and decided that the whole film would take place at night.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1994, The Absolute Sound - Volume 19, Issues 95-98, page 111",
"text": "HP, however, preferred the more chiaroscuro quality of the original CD.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1995, Frank Waters, The Lizard Woman, page 3",
"text": "A very chiaroscuro sort of man he was, arm on balcony, staring down into the dusty street below.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Gerd Gemünden, Mary R. Desjardins, Dietrich Icon, page 265",
"text": "At times the image is so chiaroscuro as to be nearly illegible, such that one can only imagine the discussions between Lang and the Technicolor advisors.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017, P.L. Hawks, I Love Paris",
"text": "The shooting bright light from the outside contrasted sharply from the coal black shadows of the interior giving the compound a very chiaroscuro quality.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2017 November, N. K. Jemisin, Mac Walters, chapter 15, in Mass Effect Andromeda: Initiation, 1st edition (Science Fiction), Titan Books, →OCLC, page 275",
"text": "Overhead lights swung wildly around the hole that it had burned through the ceiling. The very walls were warping from heat near the craft, metal panels peeling apart and some of the exposed wiring smoldering or outright aflame. Heat-waves rippled around the room’s camera array, and the white-hot gas that curled up from underneath the shuttle made shadows in the darkened, fiery chamber flicker in stark chiaroscuro.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Possessing the qualities of a work of chiaroscuro."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Possessing the qualities of a work of chiaroscuro."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɪˌɑːɹəˈskʊəɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌkjɑɹəˈsk(j)ʊɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"other": "/ˌkjɒɹəˈskuɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"Canada"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊəɹəʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊɹəʊ"
},
{
"audio": "en-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg",
"audio-ipa": "/ˌkjɒɹəˈskuɹoʊ/",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/En-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg/En-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/En-ca-chiaroscuro.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chiaro-oscuro"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "claro-obscuro"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "chiaro-scuro"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"chiaroscuro"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 4-syllable words",
"Italian compound terms",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/uro",
"Rhymes:Italian/uro/4 syllables"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "contrasto"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chiaroscurale"
},
{
"word": "chiaroscurare"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "chiaro",
"3": "oscuro",
"t1": "clear, bright",
"t2": "dark, obscure"
},
"expansion": "chiaro (“clear, bright”) + oscuro (“dark, obscure”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From chiaro (“clear, bright”) + oscuro (“dark, obscure”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chiaroscuri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "chiaroscuro m (plural chiaroscuri)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"chia‧ro‧scù‧ro"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"it:Art",
"it:Painting"
],
"glosses": [
"chiaroscuro (artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts)"
],
"links": [
[
"painting",
"painting#Noun"
],
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"chiaroscuro",
"chiaroscuro#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "painting",
"raw_glosses": [
"(painting, art) chiaroscuro (artistic technique using exaggerated light contrasts)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"contrasts, ups and downs"
],
"links": [
[
"contrasts",
"contrasts"
],
[
"ups and downs",
"ups and downs"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) contrasts, ups and downs"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkja.roˈsku.ro/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uro"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:chiaroscuro"
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 4-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Rhymes:Italian/uro",
"Rhymes:Italian/uro/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "chiaroscuro",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"chia‧ro‧scù‧ro"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "chiaroscurare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of chiaroscurare"
],
"links": [
[
"chiaroscurare",
"chiaroscurare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkja.roˈsku.ro/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uro"
}
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "it",
"3": "chiaroscuro"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Italian chiaroscuro",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Italian chiaroscuro.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chiaroscuros",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "chiaroscuro m (plural chiaroscuros)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Italian",
"Portuguese terms derived from Italian",
"Portuguese unadapted borrowings from Italian"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of claro-escuro"
],
"links": [
[
"claro-escuro",
"claro-escuro#Portuguese"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "claro-escuro"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pt:chiaroscuro"
]
}
],
"word": "chiaroscuro"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.