See cambium on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cambium meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium",
"t": "a change"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambium (“a change”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "change"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of change",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cambia"
},
"expansion": "cambium (plural cambiums or cambia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: meristem"
},
{
"ref": "1863, Harland Coultas, What may be learned from a tree",
"text": "During winter we perceive no change in the cells of the cambium layer, which are filled with nutritive matter […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"id": "en-cambium-en-noun-LrBeTzPr",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"xylem",
"xylem"
],
[
"phloem",
"phloem"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jälsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kámvio",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κάμβιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jäns"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "câmbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kámbij",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́мбий"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhing suson"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 28 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 54 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"id": "en-cambium-en-noun-JWClFK~h",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"Periosteum",
"periosteum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147",
"text": "The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"id": "en-cambium-en-noun-DBVAlyNx",
"links": [
[
"humours",
"humours"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkambɪəm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæm.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cambium"
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "English cambium",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; see English cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cambia",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (plural cambia)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch internationalisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "nl:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Plant tissues",
"orig": "nl:Plant tissues",
"parents": [
"Tissues",
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-nl-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cambium",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-cambium.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg/Nl-cambium.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-fr-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.bjɔm/"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cambiō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "câmbio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: câmbio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: câmbio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cambio",
"3": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "cambion"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish cambion",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*kambyom",
"t": "change"
},
"expansion": "*kambyom (“change”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kambos",
"t": "twisted, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱh₂mbós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kh₂mbós",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂em-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καμπή",
"3": "",
"4": "winding, bending; turn, change"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκαμβός",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "camm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish camm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cam",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cam (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kamm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Breton kamm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skimph",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, amusement, pastime"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skumpa",
"3": "",
"4": "to limp"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skumpa (“to limp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "change"
},
"expansion": "change",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish cambion, *kambyom (“change”), from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).\nCompare Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”), Old Irish camm (“crooked”), Welsh cam (“crooked”), Breton kamm (“crooked”), Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”), Swedish skumpa (“to limp”). More at change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (genitive cambiī or cambī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a change"
],
"id": "en-cambium-la-noun-rrMD8kNz",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) a change"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-la-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, New Latin) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkam.bi.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkämbium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cambiu"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cambiu"
],
"id": "en-cambium-ro-noun-b0Aw1Kcp",
"links": [
[
"cambiu",
"cambiu#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambium",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "es:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-es-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cambiar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "English cambium",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; see English cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cambia",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (plural cambia)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch internationalisms",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"nl:Botany",
"nl:Plant tissues"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cambium",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-cambium.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg/Nl-cambium.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium",
"t": "a change"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambium (“a change”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "change"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of change",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cambia"
},
"expansion": "cambium (plural cambiums or cambia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: meristem"
},
{
"ref": "1863, Harland Coultas, What may be learned from a tree",
"text": "During winter we perceive no change in the cells of the cambium layer, which are filled with nutritive matter […].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"xylem",
"xylem"
],
[
"phloem",
"phloem"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"Periosteum",
"periosteum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147",
"text": "The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"links": [
[
"humours",
"humours"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkambɪəm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæm.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jälsi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kámvio",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κάμβιο"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jäns"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "câmbio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambiu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kámbij",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́мбий"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhing suson"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cambium"
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.bjɔm/"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation only",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Botany"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cambiō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "câmbio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: câmbio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: câmbio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cambio",
"3": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "cambion"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish cambion",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*kambyom",
"t": "change"
},
"expansion": "*kambyom (“change”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kambos",
"t": "twisted, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱh₂mbós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)kh₂mbós",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "*(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂em-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καμπή",
"3": "",
"4": "winding, bending; turn, change"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκαμβός",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "camm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish camm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cam",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cam (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kamm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Breton kamm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skimph",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, amusement, pastime"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skumpa",
"3": "",
"4": "to limp"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skumpa (“to limp”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "change"
},
"expansion": "change",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish cambion, *kambyom (“change”), from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).\nCompare Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”), Old Irish camm (“crooked”), Welsh cam (“crooked”), Breton kamm (“crooked”), Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”), Swedish skumpa (“to limp”). More at change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (genitive cambiī or cambī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a change"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) a change"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin",
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, New Latin) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkam.bi.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkämbium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cambiu"
}
],
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cambiu"
],
"links": [
[
"cambiu",
"cambiu#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambium",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cambiar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Late Latin",
"es:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.