See cambium on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pericambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "procambium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium",
"t": "a change"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambium (“a change”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "change"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of change",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cambia"
},
"expansion": "cambium (plural cambiums or cambia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 29 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 37 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 25 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 40 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: meristem"
},
{
"ref": "1863, Harland Coultas, What may be learned from a tree:",
"text": "During winter we perceive no change in the cells of the cambium layer, which are filled with nutritive matter […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"id": "en-cambium-en-noun-LrBeTzPr",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"xylem",
"xylem"
],
[
"phloem",
"phloem"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jälsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kámvio",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κάμβιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jäns"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "câmbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kámbij",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́мбий"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhing suson"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 33 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 29 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 37 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 25 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 41 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 40 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 42 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 46 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 46 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 41 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 47 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 44 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 40 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 42 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 41 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 40 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 40 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"id": "en-cambium-en-noun-JWClFK~h",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"Periosteum",
"periosteum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 29 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 37 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 25 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 40 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147",
"text": "The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"id": "en-cambium-en-noun-DBVAlyNx",
"links": [
[
"humours",
"humours"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkambɪəm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæm.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æmbiəm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cambium"
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "English cambium",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; see English cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cambia",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (plural cambia)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch internationalisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "nl:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Plant tissues",
"orig": "nl:Plant tissues",
"parents": [
"Tissues",
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-nl-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-cambium.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg/Nl-cambium.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-fr-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.bjɔm/"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cambiō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "câmbio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: câmbio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: câmbio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cambio",
"3": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "cambion"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish cambion",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kambos",
"t": "twisted, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱh₂mbós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂em-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καμπή",
"3": "",
"4": "winding, bending; turn, change"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκαμβός",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "camm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish camm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cam",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cam (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kamm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Breton kamm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skimph",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, amusement, pastime"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skumpa",
"3": "",
"4": "to limp"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skumpa (“to limp”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish cambion, from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).\nCompare Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”), Old Irish camm (“crooked”), Welsh cam (“crooked”), Breton kamm (“crooked”), Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”), Swedish skumpa (“to limp”). More at change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (genitive cambiī or cambī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 25 25 29 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 18 27 36 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a change"
],
"id": "en-cambium-la-noun-rrMD8kNz",
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) a change"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-la-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, New Latin) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkam.bi.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkämbium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cambiu"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cambiu"
],
"id": "en-cambium-ro-noun-b0Aw1Kcp",
"links": [
[
"cambiu",
"cambiu#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "es:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"id": "en-cambium-es-noun-x85nx2RX",
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cambiar"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "English cambium",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; see English cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "cambia",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (plural cambia)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch internationalisms",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nl:Botany",
"nl:Plant tissues"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-cambium.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg/Nl-cambium.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Nl-cambium.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/æmbiəm",
"Rhymes:English/æmbiəm/3 syllables",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pericambium"
},
{
"word": "procambium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium",
"t": "a change"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin cambium (“a change”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "change"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of change",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "cambia"
},
"expansion": "cambium (plural cambiums or cambia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: meristem"
},
{
"ref": "1863, Harland Coultas, What may be learned from a tree:",
"text": "During winter we perceive no change in the cells of the cambium layer, which are filled with nutritive matter […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"xylem",
"xylem"
],
[
"phloem",
"phloem"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
],
[
"root",
"root"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"Periosteum",
"periosteum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": ", Bk.I, New York, 2001, p.147",
"text": "The radical or innate is daily supplied by nourishment, which some call cambium, and make those secondary humours of ros and gluten to maintain it […]."
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"links": [
[
"humours",
"humours"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) One of the humours formerly believed to nourish the bodily organs."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkambɪəm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkæm.biˌəm/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æmbiəm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jälsi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kámvio",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κάμβιο"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "jäns"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "câmbio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cambiu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kámbij",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка́мбий"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kambium"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "cambium"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhing suson"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "botanical cell layer",
"word": "bayluhan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cambium"
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɑ̃.bjɔm/"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation only",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Botany"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cambiō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: cambium"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "cambio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: cambio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: cambio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "câmbio"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: câmbio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: câmbio"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cambio",
"3": "cambium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cambio, cambium"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "cambion"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish cambion",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kambos",
"t": "twisted, crooked"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱh₂mbós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kh₂em-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "καμπή",
"3": "",
"4": "winding, bending; turn, change"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σκαμβός",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "camm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish camm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cam",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cam (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kamm",
"3": "",
"4": "crooked"
},
"expansion": "Breton kamm (“crooked”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "skimph",
"3": "",
"4": "joke, amusement, pastime"
},
"expansion": "Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skumpa",
"3": "",
"4": "to limp"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skumpa (“to limp”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Gaulish cambion, from Proto-Celtic *kambos (“twisted, crooked”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱh₂mbós, *(s)kh₂mbós (“crooked”), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to bend, curve”).\nCompare Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ, “winding, bending; turn, change”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σκαμβός (skambós, “crooked”), Old Irish camm (“crooked”), Welsh cam (“crooked”), Breton kamm (“crooked”), Old High German skimph (“joke, amusement, pastime”), Swedish skumpa (“to limp”). More at change.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cambiīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cambium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cambia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (genitive cambiī or cambī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cambium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a change"
],
"links": [
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) a change"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin",
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, New Latin) cambium"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkam.bi.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkämbium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cambium n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "cambiu"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cambiu"
],
"links": [
[
"cambiu",
"cambiu#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "cambium"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin cambium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cambiums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cambium m (plural cambiums)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cambiar"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Late Latin",
"es:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"cambium"
],
"links": [
[
"cambium",
"cambium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cambium"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cambium meaning in All languages combined (14.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.