See byname on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "by-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "by- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bijnaam",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Beiname",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname, epithet"
},
"expansion": "German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "binamn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish binamn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Danish binavn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål binavn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From by- + name. Cognate with Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”), German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”), Swedish binamn, Danish binavn and Norwegian Bokmål binavn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bynames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "byname (plural bynames)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "name"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 7 32 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 15 30 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 7 39 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 6 28 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 5 28 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 27 10 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 8 33 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 15 28 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 14 31 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 13 24 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 14 26 23 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 7 24 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 14 29 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A secondary name for a person or thing; a person's surname."
],
"id": "en-byname-en-noun-Sp4Djwec",
"links": [
[
"secondary",
"secondary"
],
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) A secondary name for a person or thing; a person's surname."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prezime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "презиме"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surname",
"word": "sukunimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prézime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́зиме"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "lakab",
"sense": "surname",
"word": "لقب"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apellido"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "släktnamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tillnamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "49 39 5 6",
"code": "sv",
"english": "last name",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "efternamn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 15 30 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A nickname."
],
"id": "en-byname-en-noun-fHgV-yNX",
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) A nickname."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prjakor",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прякор"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tilnavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nickname",
"word": "liikanimi"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alcume"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prékar",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пре́кар"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "lakab",
"sense": "nickname",
"word": "لقب"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apodo"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apelativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrenombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "binamn"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 77 3 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tillnamn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 15 30 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 7 39 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pseudonym; nom-de-plume."
],
"id": "en-byname-en-noun-shIHW74L",
"links": [
[
"pseudonym",
"pseudonym"
],
[
"nom-de-plume",
"nom-de-plume"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Scotland) A pseudonym; nom-de-plume."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Germanic paganism",
"orig": "en:Germanic paganism",
"parents": [
"Germanic mythology",
"Paganism",
"Mythology",
"Occult",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Forteana",
"Supernatural",
"Society",
"Pseudoscience",
"Folklore",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ritual title for a god or goddess used in Heathenry."
],
"id": "en-byname-en-noun-jSnbzm8Z",
"links": [
[
"Germanic",
"Germanic#Adjective"
],
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"Heathenry",
"Heathenry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Germanic paganism) A ritual title for a god or goddess used in Heathenry."
],
"tags": [
"Germanic"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sobriquet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "to-name"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by-name"
}
],
"word": "byname"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "by-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "by- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bijnaam",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Beiname",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname, epithet"
},
"expansion": "German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "binamn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish binamn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Danish binavn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål binavn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From by- + name. Cognate with Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”), German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”), Swedish binamn, Danish binavn and Norwegian Bokmål binavn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bynames",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bynaming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bynamed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bynamed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "byname (third-person singular simple present bynames, present participle bynaming, simple past and past participle bynamed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 15 30 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with by-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assign a byname to."
],
"id": "en-byname-en-verb-tE3XGCBY",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To assign a byname to."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "by-name"
}
],
"word": "byname"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with by-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "by-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "by- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bijnaam",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Beiname",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname, epithet"
},
"expansion": "German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "binamn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish binamn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Danish binavn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål binavn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From by- + name. Cognate with Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”), German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”), Swedish binamn, Danish binavn and Norwegian Bokmål binavn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bynames",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "byname (plural bynames)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "name"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A secondary name for a person or thing; a person's surname."
],
"links": [
[
"secondary",
"secondary"
],
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) A secondary name for a person or thing; a person's surname."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A nickname."
],
"links": [
[
"nickname",
"nickname"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, historical) A nickname."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A pseudonym; nom-de-plume."
],
"links": [
[
"pseudonym",
"pseudonym"
],
[
"nom-de-plume",
"nom-de-plume"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK dialectal, Scotland) A pseudonym; nom-de-plume."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"UK",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Germanic paganism"
],
"glosses": [
"A ritual title for a god or goddess used in Heathenry."
],
"links": [
[
"Germanic",
"Germanic#Adjective"
],
[
"paganism",
"paganism"
],
[
"Heathenry",
"Heathenry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Germanic paganism) A ritual title for a god or goddess used in Heathenry."
],
"tags": [
"Germanic"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"paganism",
"religion"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"word": "sobriquet"
},
{
"word": "to-name"
},
{
"word": "by-name"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prezime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "презиме"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "surname",
"word": "sukunimi"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prézime",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "пре́зиме"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "lakab",
"sense": "surname",
"word": "لقب"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apellido"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognombre"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renombre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "släktnamn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tillnamn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"english": "last name",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "surname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "efternamn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prjakor",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "прякор"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tilnavn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "nickname",
"word": "liikanimi"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alcume"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prékar",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пре́кар"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "lakab",
"sense": "nickname",
"word": "لقب"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apodo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "apelativo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognombre"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cognomen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sobrenombre"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "renombre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "binamn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "nickname",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tillnamn"
}
],
"word": "byname"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms prefixed with by-",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "by-",
"3": "name"
},
"expansion": "by- + name",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bijnaam",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Beiname",
"3": "",
"4": "nickname, epithet"
},
"expansion": "German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "binamn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish binamn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Danish binavn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "binavn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål binavn",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From by- + name. Cognate with Dutch bijnaam (“nickname”), German Beiname (“nickname, epithet”), Swedish binamn, Danish binavn and Norwegian Bokmål binavn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bynames",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bynaming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bynamed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bynamed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "byname (third-person singular simple present bynames, present participle bynaming, simple past and past participle bynamed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To assign a byname to."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, archaic) To assign a byname to."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "by-name"
}
],
"word": "byname"
}
Download raw JSONL data for byname meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.